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Skilled adult readers are those who read fluently, but multilingual learners do not always exhibit the same reading proficiency in the different languages they know. Among the variables that influence learners' silent reading fluency, a research trend points to musical aptitude as an individual ability that affects language learners' reading competency. Common auditory features of reading and musical skills have been observed in studies with children and adolescents, but studies involving multilingual adults learning an additional language are scarce. This study aims to observe the potential relationship of multilingual learners' musical aptitude and their silent reading fluency in all the languages the learners know and in Spanish, an additional language they are learning as adults. 157 Flemish university students were tested in Dutch, French, English, and Spanish. Learners' sociocultural data , their musical aptitude and their silent contextual word reading fluency in all languages were tested. In addition, a reading comprehension test in L4 (Spanish) was administered. The statistical results indicate a significant correlation between their musical aptitude and their L1, L2, L3 silent reading fluency, but not with L4 (Spanish).

Summary: Background: Dysfunctional allostatic-interoception, altered processing of bodily signals in response to environmental demands, occurs in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients. Previous research has not investigated the dynamic nature of interoception using methods like intrinsic neural timescales. We hypothesised that longer intrinsic neural timescales of interoception would occur in bvFTD patients, evidencing dysfunctional allostatic-interoception. Methods: One-hundred and twelve participants (31 bvFTD patients, 35 Alzheimer's disease patients, AD and 46 healthy controls) completed a well-validated task measuring cardiac-interoception and exteroception. Simultaneous EEG and ECG were recorded. Intrinsic neural timescales were measured via the autocorrelation window (ACW) of broadband EEG signals from each heartbeat and a time-lagged version of itself. Spatiotemporal clustering analyses identified clusters with significant between-group differences in each condition. Voxel-based morphometry was used to target the allostatic-interoceptive network. Neuropsychological tests of cognition and social cognition were assessed. Findings: In bvFTD patients, longer interoceptive-ACWs than controls were observed in the bilateral fronto-temporal and parietal regions. In AD patients, longer interoceptive-ACWs than controls were observed in central and occipitoparietal brain regions. No differences were observed during exteroception. In bvFTD patients only, longer interoceptive-ACW was linked to worse sociocognitive performance. Structural neural correlates of interoceptive-ACW in bvFTD involved the anterior cingulate, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and angular gyrus. Interpretation: Our findings suggest a core allostatic-interoceptive deficit occurs in people with bvFTD. Further, altered interoceptive intrinsic neural timescales may provide a neurobiological mechanism underpinning the complex behaviours observed in bvFTD patients. Our findings support synergistic models of brain disease and can inform clinical practice. Funding: All funding sources are reported in the Acknowledgements.

Accumulation of K+ in shoots is largely dependent on K+ transport via the xylem and has important implications not only for K+ nutrition but also for stress tolerance. In tomato plants, the K+ channel SlSKOR contributed to K+ translocation but the decrease in the shoot K+ content in slskor mutants was only ∼15 %, indicating that additional K+ transport systems operated in the tomato stele. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the transporter SlNRT1.5 in tomato plants, whose homolog in Arabidopsis, AtNRT1.5, contributed to xylem K+ load. By using heterologous expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes and a slnrt1.5 knock-out mutant, we have gained insights into its role in shoot K+ nutrition. Expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes resulted in K+ efflux, similar to that mediated by AtNRT1.5, which could indicate that SlNRT1.5 operates as a K+ transport system. Plants lacking slnrt1.5 accumulated less K+ in shoots than WT plants under low external pH (4.5), and low supply of K+ (0.05 mM) and N (0.5 mM). Interestingly, slnrt1.5 plants accumulated less Na+ and Cl- in shoots than WT plants. Further analyses on slskor slnrt1.5 double mutant plants revealed an overlapping role of SlSKOR and SlNRT1.5 in shoot K+ accumulation. Double mutants showed a 40 % decrease in shoot K+ content in comparison with slskor and slnrt1.5 single mutants. Altogether, this study showed that SlNRT1.5 and SlSKOR are major players in shoot K+ accumulation in tomato plants.

Abstract Background Structural income inequality – the uneven income distribution across regions or countries – could affect brain structure and function, beyond individual differences. However, the impact of structural income inequality on the brain dynamics and the roles of demographics and cognition in these associations remains unexplored. Methods Here, we assessed the impact of structural income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient on multiple EEG metrics, while considering the subject‐level effects of demographic (age, sex, education) and cognitive factors. Resting‐state EEG signals were collected from a diverse sample (countries = 10; healthy individuals = 1394 from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Turkey and United Kingdom). Complexity (fractal dimension, permutation entropy, Wiener entropy, spectral structure variability), power spectral and aperiodic components (1/f slope, knee, offset), as well as graph‐theoretic measures were analysed. Findings Despite variability in samples, data collection methods, and EEG acquisition parameters, structural inequality systematically predicted electrophysiological brain dynamics, proving to be a more crucial determinant of brain dynamics than individual‐level factors. Complexity and aperiodic activity metrics captured better the effects of structural inequality on brain function. Following inequality, age and cognition emerged as the most influential predictors. The overall results provided convergent multimodal metrics of biologic embedding of structural income inequality characterised by less complex signals, increased random asynchronous neural activity, and reduced alpha and beta power, particularly over temporoposterior regions. Conclusion These findings might challenge conventional neuroscience approaches that tend to overemphasise the influence of individual‐level factors, while neglecting structural factors. Results pave the way for neuroscience‐informed public policies aimed at tackling structural inequalities in diverse populations.

In this paper, the aim is to optimise the hydrodynamic performance of the novel fin-ring horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine (HAHK). The original unique fin-ring turbine is an unconventional marine current turbine that comprises seven concentric rings with 88 connecting cambered fins and a solid centre hub. To begin with, the hydrodynamic performance of the benchmark turbine is evaluated using CFD simulations and is validated against sea-test data available in the literature. Subsequently, three of the turbine design parameters, namely, the fins’ pitch angle, the fins’ camber length, and the fins’ aspect ratio, are optimised for maximum power generation. Further test simulations illustrated the existence of a laminar region of flow in the turbine flow field. The K-kL-ω transition-sensitive turbulence model is adopted to capture the influence of transition on the flow field with results compared against those of the fully turbulent K-ε turbulence model. A final fine-tuning in the turbine design is carried out by increasing the number of fins per ring in the outermost rings to further maximise the generated power. The turbine hydrodynamic performance is assessed by comparison against other conventional hydrokinetic turbines available in the literature. Very satisfactory results are obtained with an increase of about 35% in the turbine-generated CP as compared to that of the benchmark turbine. The turbine performance compares very well with other conventional turbines, especially in terms of higher peak CP values, wider operating TSR range, and less sensitivity to variations in the inflow current speeds.

Diversity in brain health is influenced by individual differences in demographics and cognition. However, most studies on brain health and diseases have typically controlled for these factors rather than explored their potential to predict brain signals. Here, we assessed the role of individual differences in demographics (age, sex, and education; n = 1298) and cognition (n = 725) as predictors of different metrics usually used in case-control studies. These included power spectrum and aperiodic (1/f slope, knee, offset) metrics, as well as complexity (fractal dimension estimation, permutation entropy, Wiener entropy, spectral structure variability) and connectivity (graph-theoretic mutual information, conditional mutual information, organizational information) from the source space resting-state EEG activity in a diverse sample from the global south and north populations. Brain-phenotype models were computed using EEG metrics reflecting local activity (power spectrum and aperiodic components) and brain dynamics and interactions (complexity and graph-theoretic measures). Electrophysiological brain dynamics were modulated by individual differences despite the varied methods of data acquisition and assessments across multiple centers, indicating that results were unlikely to be accounted for by methodological discrepancies. Variations in brain signals were mainly influenced by age and cognition, while education and sex exhibited less importance. Power spectrum activity and graph-theoretic measures were the most sensitive in capturing individual differences. Older age, poorer cognition, and being male were associated with reduced alpha power, whereas older age and less education were associated with reduced network integration and segregation. Findings suggest that basic individual differences impact core metrics of brain function that are used in standard case-control studies. Considering individual variability and diversity in global settings would contribute to a more tailored understanding of brain function.

Recent research has stated that early oral language acquisition difficulties are related to reading and writing difficulties. Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience difficulties with several dimensions of language. In this study we focus on the specific difficulties of children with DLD in spelling. We examine the impact of lexicality and length in written production of Spanish-speaking children with DLD. A total of 18 children with language difficulties (M[subscript age] = 8;4) were compared with age-matched children (M[subscript age] = 8;2). Participants completed a spelling-to-dictation task of words and pseudo-words, where length was manipulated. A digital tablet was used to collect data and obtain measures of accuracy, latencies and total writing durations. Results showed that children with DLD produced more errors, longer latencies and longer writing durations than age-matched children. Regarding accuracy, analysis of the errors shows that children in the control group produce few errors, most being substitutions, while children with DLD made more errors and of more varied categories. Moreover, they were more affected by length on writing accuracy than the control group.

Plant Physiology and Ecophysiology (PPE) is a subject taught in the biology degree. One of the skills that students must acquire is "the ability to solve PPE problems." Acquiring this competence requires a precise working methodology, a high degree of presence, and teamwork between teachers and students. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and health restrictions, we had to teach the class online. This article shows the learning methodology we employed using information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the achievement of this competence. We also analyzed the results obtained in the academic performance of the students in comparison with previous years in which the classes were face-to-face. The results confirmed that the students obtained this subject-specific competence through the ICT teaching process compared to face-to-face teaching. The study also revealed that online assessment services are not secure as they do not appear to prevent cheating behavior. Therefore, we propose this learning methodology for future online teaching activities although improvements in the evaluation process must be addressed.

(1) Background: donor-derived circulating free DNA (dd-cfDNA), an innovative biomarker with great potential for the early identification and prevention of graft damage. (2) Methods: Samples were collected prospectively and the study was performed retrospectively to analyze dd-cfDNA plasma levels in 30 kidney transplant patients during their post-transplant follow-up (15 days, 3, 6, and 9 months), to determine if the result could be of interest in the identification of possible adverse events, especially rejection. The aim was to verify whether the data on sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV compare with reference values and creatinine values. (3) Results: We observed levels of dd cfDNA > 1% in six of nine patients with active rejection (ABMR or TCMR) and elevated values (>0.5%) in two other patients in this rejection group. Our results show low values of sensitivity = 50%, specificity = 61.11%, rejection NPV = 64.71%, and rejection PPV = 46.13% of the technique compared to reference values previously published. With respect to creatinine, only for TCRM, we observed better results for dd-cfDNA in these parameters than in creatinine. Also, our data suggest that dd-cfDNA could help to differentiate those patients with dnDSAs that are going to through rejection better than creatinine, specially at 15 d post transplant. In this study, this appears to have no positive predictive value for borderline rejection (BR) or TCMR IA. (4) Conclusions: plasma levels of dd-cfDNA could be considered an additional or alternative biomarker for graft rejection monitoring in early post-kidney transplant up to several months before its clinical presentation, especially for patients with suspected TCMR or ABMR.

Abstract The Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat) has released a unique multimodal neuroimaging dataset of 780 participants from Latin American. The dataset includes 530 patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 250 healthy controls (HCs). This dataset (62.7 ± 9.5 years, age range 21–89 years) was collected through a multicentric effort across five Latin American countries to address the need for affordable, scalable, and available biomarkers in regions with larger inequities. The BrainLat is the first regional collection of clinical and cognitive assessments, anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and high density resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in dementia patients. In addition, it includes demographic information about harmonized recruitment and assessment protocols. The dataset is publicly available to encourage further research and development of tools and health applications for neurodegeneration based on multimodal neuroimaging, promoting the assessment of regional variability and inclusion of underrepresented participants in research.

In this article, we present the development and validation of a psychometric scale that measures the teacher’s perception in the Chilean school system with respect to elements of school violence and coexistence management. The novelty lies in the incorporation of factors that address violence from teachers to students, from students to teachers and coexistence management. A total of 1072 teachers from the Northern, Central, Southern and Metropolitan macro-zones of Chile participated, with ages between 22 and 76 years (M=44.56; SD=10.52) and from 1 to 54 years of work (M=17.14; SD=10.38). 76.3% identify with the female gender and 23.7% with the male gender. Of the teachers, 78.4% worked mainly in the classroom and the rest performed managerial or administrative functions outside the classroom in the school. The school violence and coexistence management questionnaire for teachers (VI+GEC) was used. The validity of the scale was demonstrated by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent validity analysis and discriminant validity. Reliability was demonstrated by means of McDonald’s omega coefficient in all the factors of the scale. An analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) found a mean, and statistically significant influence of the perception of coexistence management on the perception of school violence. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on school violence and coexistence management.

The study investigates the emotional dysregulation in teachers of the Chilean school system, focusing on gender and age similarities and differences. The sample included 1059 teachers from various regions of Chile, of whom 80.3% were female and 19.7% were male. Participants completed the Spanish version of the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-E). A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate the structure of the theoretical model, along with the convergent, discriminant, and internal consistency of the instrument. Additionally, a measurement invariance analysis was performed to identify possible differences between demographic groups, which is crucial to ensure that comparisons between these groups are valid and unbiased. The results indicated that the theoretical model presents a good fit to the data and confirms the validity and reliability of the DERS-E. Scalar invariance was achieved among the analyzed groups. We found significant differences in emotional dysregulation between men and women, which also varied by teacher age. The importance of understanding the specific needs of teachers in terms of their emotional regulation is discussed and the urgency of implementing training programs that improve their emotional skills, fostering a positive and effective learning environment, is highlighted.

BackgroundCardiac troponin (cTn) is a reliable marker for evaluating myocardial damage. cTn is a very specific protein involved in myocardial injury, and it is a key factor in the diagnosis of coronary syndromes. Bibliometric analysis was applied in the present work, with the main goal of evaluating global research on the topic of cardiac troponin in pediatric populations.MethodsPublications about cardiac troponin and physical activity in pediatric populations were retrieved from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection, and they were then analyzed. The study was able to identify the key bibliometric indicators, such as publications, keywords, authors, countries, institutions, and journals. For the analysis, VOSviewer, R-based Bibliometrix (4.2.2), and MapChart were used.ResultsInitially, 98 documents were identified; however, once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the number of documents decreased to 88. The search yielded 79 original research articles and 9 reviews, almost all of which were published in the past 2 decades. The total number of citations (Nc) of the retrieved publications was 1,468, and the average number of citations per article (Na) was 16.68. In general, 508 authors were found to have participated in research about troponin; they were associated with 256 institutions, and their work was published in 65 different journals from around the world. The authors hailed from 30 countries and/or regions. The year 2022 was the most productive year for the publication of the selected documents. The bibliometric analysis provided information regarding levels of cooperation among authors and institutions. In fact, China, the United States, and England were the most productive nations, and the journal with the greatest number of publications on the topic was Pediatric Cardiology.SummaryThe number of publications and the trend line show that research on this topic has not yet reached a stage of maturity. There are referent investigators, countries, and institutions that have laid the foundations for subsequent studies on the analyzed topic.

Background: Previous research has consistently evidenced that children with speech and language difficulties suffer more bullying victimisation during middle school years, whereas other educative stages remain less explored. Moreover, there are divergent results in previous evidence about the types of victimisation (physical, verbal, relational) youths may experience. Aims: To examine the retrospective developmental trajectories of bullying victimisation in adults with and without self-reported oral language difficulties across seven educational stages (preschool to university). Special attention was given to the prevalence and types of victimisation. Methods & Procedures: A total of 336 participants (ages between 18 and 65, M = 30.3) from a sample of 2259 participants that fully answered an online survey were classified as having experienced oral language difficulties (LD) not associated with a biomedical condition. A comparable control group (n = 336; ages between 18 and 72, M = 30.0) was randomly selected for statistical between-groups contrasts. Responses to the California Bullying Victimization Scale--Retrospective (CBVS-R) were analysed by generalised estimating equations (GEE) including language groups, types of bullying, and educational stages as explanatory variables. Specific language group comparisons in terms of percentages were conducted using chi-square tests. Outcomes & Results: GEE results suggested that experiencing LD was associated with an overall increase in the likelihood of bullying victimisation, Wald's X[superscript 2] (1) = 8.41, p < 0.005 for the main effect of the LD group, along almost all educational stages, Wald's X[superscript 2] (6) = 3.13, p = 0.69 for the LD group × educational stage interaction. Finally, a higher proportion of participants in the LD group reported having suffered teasing behaviours at the second cycle of elementary, the first cycle of secondary, and baccalaureate. They also reported with a higher proportion being physically hurt at preschool and having received sexual comments at the second cycle of elementary, Wald's X[superscript 2] (93) = 259.87, p < 0.001 for the LD group × educational stage × type of bullying interaction. Conclusions & Implications: People with oral language difficulties experience more bullying victimisation behaviours than their typically developing peers. Heightened bullying prevalence in children with language difficulties seems to emerge as early as 6-9 years old and persists along the rest of schooling. Not all victimisation forms seem to show differential increased rates in people with speech/language difficulties, evidencing important implications for bullying assessment. Results highlight the need to provide particular support to individuals with language difficulties against bullying during the entire schooling.

LGBTQ+ minorities are disproportionately exposed to stigma, discrimination and social prejudice compared with cisgender and heterosexual peers, which can result in experiences of shame and isolation for LGBTQ+ individuals. Pride marches began as a reaction to this systemic and institutional discrimination of gender and sexual diversity and provides hope and community. This exploratory study aimed to investigate what Pride events mean to LGBTQ+ individuals and what potential impact these spaces have on the mental health and wellbeing of the community. Participants (N = 52) were recruited opportunistically at 7 Pride events across the North East of England, and invited to share their narratives and experiences using a creative and interactive research board. Qualitative content analysis revealed three main themes: 'pride is much more than a celebration', 'community healing' and 'this is me'. 12 subthemes were further identified in the analysis. The themes provide a unique understanding of how LGBTQ+ spaces and events impact individuals mental health and wellbeing. This evidence supports the importance of interventions and support at a grass roots and community level, fostering engagement and increasing empowerment within already existing LGBTQ+ groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the aim is to optimise the hydrodynamic performance of the novel fin-ring horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine (HAHK). The original unique fin-ring turbine is an unconventional marine current turbine that comprises seven concentric rings with 88 connecting cambered fins and a solid centre hub. To begin with, the hydrodynamic performance of the benchmark turbine is evaluated using CFD simulations and is validated against sea-test data available in the literature. Subsequently, three of the turbine design parameters, namely, the fins' pitch angle, the fins' camber length, and the fins' aspect ratio, are optimised for maximum power generation. Further test simulations illustrated the existence of a laminar region of flow in the turbine flow field. The K-kL-ω transition-sensitive turbulence model is adopted to capture the influence of transition on the flow field with results compared against those of the fully turbulent K-ε turbulence model. A final fine-tuning in the turbine design is carried out by increasing the number of fins per ring in the outermost rings to further maximise the generated power. The turbine hydrodynamic performance is assessed by comparison against other conventional hydrokinetic turbines available in the literature. Very satisfactory results are obtained with an increase of about 35% in the turbine-generated CP as compared to that of the benchmark turbine. The turbine performance compares very well with other conventional turbines, especially in terms of higher peak CP values, wider operating TSR range, and less sensitivity to variations in the inflow current speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections. Methods: A total of 281 male AC patients were analyzed. The sociodemographic characteristics, viral hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic the KIR/HLA profiles were investigated. A total of 6 KIR genes and their corresponding ligands (HLA-C) were analyzed. Patients were grouped into two groups: with and without associated viral infection. Results: A statistically significant increase in the combination of KIR2DL2+/C1C1 was observed in male AC patients with viral infection compared to those without viral infection (45.9% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.021). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C1+ showed a high frequency comparing healthy controls and male AC patients without virus infection (85% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.026). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C2C2 frequency showed a statistically significant increase comparing male AC patients without viral infection and healthy controls (23.6% vs. 15%; p = 0.026). Conclusions: The genetic KIR2DL2+/C2C2 profiles may play a significant role in determining the vulnerability of male AC patients to viral infections, providing valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.

Allograft rejection is a widespread complication in allograft recipients with chronic kidney disease. Undertreatment of subclinical and clinical rejection and later post-transplant problems are caused by an imperfect understanding of the mechanisms at play and a lack of adequate diagnostic tools. Many different biomarkers have been analyzed and proposed to detect and monitor these crucial events in transplant outcomes. In this sense, microRNAs may help diagnose rejection or tolerance and indicate appropriate treatment, especially in patients with chronic allograft rejection. As key epigenetic regulators of physiological homeostasis, microRNAs have therapeutic potential and may indicate allograft tolerance or rejection. However, more evidence and clinical validation are indispensable before microRNAs are ready for clinical prime time.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse group of leukemias characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal neoplastic hematopoietic precursor cells with chromosomal rearrangements and multiple gene mutations and the impairment of normal hematopoiesis. Current efforts to improve AML outcomes have focused on developing targeted therapies that may allow for improved antileukemic effects while reducing toxicity significantly. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is one of the most thoroughly studied molecularly targeted therapies in adults. GO is a monoclonal antibody against CD33 IgG4 linked to the cytotoxic drug calicheamicin DMH. The use of GO as a chemotherapeutic agent is not generalized for all patients who suffer from AML, particularly for those whose health prevents them from using intensive conventional chemotherapy, in which case it can be used on its own, and those who have suffered a first relapse, where its combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is possible. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate GO, focusing on its molecular structure, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, recommended dosage, resistance mechanisms, and associated toxicities to provide valuable information on the potential benefits and risks associated with its clinical use. A systematic review of eight scientific articles from 2018 to 2023 was conducted using PRISMA analysis. The results showed that GO treatment activates proapoptotic pathways and induces double-strand breaks, initiating DNA repair mechanisms. Cells defective in DNA repair pathways are susceptible to GO cytotoxicity. GO has recommended doses for newly diagnosed CD33+ AML in combination or as a single agent. Depending on the treatment regimen and patient status, GO doses vary for induction, consolidation, and continuation cycles. Multidrug resistance (MDR) involving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is associated with GO resistance. The overexpression of P-gp reduces GO cytotoxicity; inhibitors of P-gp can restore sensitivity. Mitochondrial pathway activation and survival signaling pathways are linked to GO resistance. Other resistance mechanisms include altered pharmacokinetics, reduced binding ability, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. GO has limited extramedullary toxicity compared to other AML treatments and may cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD). The incidence of hepatic HVOD after GO therapy is higher in patients with high tumor burden. Hematological side effects and hepatotoxicity are prominent, with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia observed. In conclusion, GO’s reintroduction in 2017 followed a thorough FDA review considering its altered dose, dosing schedule, and target population. The drug’s mechanism involves CD33 targeting and calicheamicin-induced DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and resistance mechanisms, including MDR and survival signaling, which impact treatment outcomes. Despite limited extramedullary toxicity, GO is associated with hematological side effects and hepatotoxicity.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La rosácea es una dermatosis acneiforme crónica donde la disrupción de la barrera cutánea puede provocar una facilidad para la sensibilización a distintos alérgenos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la sensibilización alérgica de contacto en los pacientes con rosácea de nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Se realizó estudio de cohortes retrospectivo analizando todos los pacientes parchados en la consulta de Alergia Cutánea de nuestro servicio entre mayo de 1991 hasta mayo de 2019. Resultados: Durante el tiempo de estudio han sido remitidos a nuestra consulta un total de 200 pacientes con rosácea, el 2,1% del total de pacientes parchados en este tiempo. El 81% de los pacientes eran mujeres, con una edad media de 44,7 años. El 46,5% presentaron al menos un parche positivo, considerándose de relevancia presente (RP) en el 15%. Los parches positivos más frecuentes fueron níquel (26%), seguido de cloruro de cobalto (6,5%), isotiazolinonas (6%), PPDA (5,5%), mezcla II de perfumes (5%) y thiomersal (3,5%). Los parches positivos de RP más frecuentes fueron isotiazolinonas en 10/200 pacientes (5%), PPDA, mezcla II de fragancias, toluensulfonamida formaldehído resina en 4/200 pacientes cada uno (2%), tixocortol y mezcla I de fragancias en 2/200 cada uno (1%). El grupo de sustancias más frecuentemente detectadas fueron los metales, con una RP en el 12,6%, seguido de los fármacos con una RP en el 25,8%. Los conservantes y las fragancias fueron los siguientes grupos de sustancias más frecuentemente positivas, con una RP en el 70,8% y el 43,7%, respectivamente. La fuente de sensibilización más frecuente fueron los cosméticos, seguidos de los fármacos tópicos, destacando los corticoides y los antifúngicos tópicos. Conclusiones: Destacamos una elevada prevalencia de dermatitis alérgica de contacto en pacientes con rosácea, lo que sustenta la realización de pruebas epicutáneas, especialmente en aquellos con empeoramiento de sus lesiones en relación con la aplicación de productos cosméticos o fármacos tópicos. Abstract: Background and objective: Rosacea is a chronic acneiform skin disorder in which impaired skin barrier function can lead to sensitization to allergens. We aimed to analyze contact allergies in our patients with rosacea. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent patch testing in our skin allergy clinic between May 1991 and May 2019. Results: A total of 200 patients with rosacea were referred to our clinic for patch testing during the study period; they represented 2.1% of all patch tested patients in the period. Eighty-one percent were women (mean age, 44.7 years). At least 1 positive patch test was recorded for 46.5%; 15% were of current relevance. The most frequent positive reaction was to nickel (26%), followed by cobalt chloride (6.5%), isothiazolinones (6%), p-phenylenediamine (5.5%), fragrance mix II (5%), and thimerosal (3.5%). The most common currently relevant patch test reactions were to isothiazolinones in 10 of the 200 patients (5%); to phenylenediamine, fragrance mix II, and toluensulfonamide formaldehyde resin in 4 patients (2%) each; and to tixocortol and fragrance mix I in 2 patients (1%) each. The allergen groups most often implicated were metals (of current relevance in 12.6%) and drugs (of current relevance in 25.8%). Preservatives and fragrances were the next most common allergen groups, and 70.8% and 43.7% of the positive reactions in these groups, respectively, were of current relevance. Cosmetics were the most frequent source of sensitization, followed by topical medications — notably corticosteroids and antifungal agents. Conclusions: We emphasize the high prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with rosacea, a finding which supports patch testing, especially if eruptions worsen when these patients use cosmetics and topical medications.

Plastic mulch films and biofertilizers (processed sewage sludge, compost or manure) have helped to increase crop yields. However, there is increasing evidence that these practices significantly contribute to microplastic contamination in agricultural soils, affecting biodiversity and soil health. Here, we draw attention to the use of hydrolase enzymes that depolymerize polyester-based plastics as a bioremediation technique for agricultural soils (in situ), biofertilizers and irrigation water (ex situ), and discuss the need for fully biodegradable plastic mulches. We also highlight the need for ecotoxicological assessment of the proposed approach and its effects on different soil organisms. Enzymes should be optimized to work effectively and efficiently under the conditions found in natural soils (typically, moist solids at an ambient temperature with low salinity). Such optimization is also necessary to ensure that already distressed ecosystems are not disrupted any further.

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has imposed widespread negative impacts (economically, psychologically, neurologically, and societally), and has changed daily behaviors on a global scale. Such impacts are more significant and pervasive in countries with higher levels of inequality and reduced Government capacity and responsiveness, such as those in the Global South (e.g., Colombia). Differences in social and moral cognitive skills may significantly impact individual attitudes and responses to the pandemic. Here, we aimed to assess the extent to which factors associated with prosociality (including empathy, theory of mind (ToM), and moral judgments) predict the perception of SARS-CoV-2 impacts and responses. Participants (N = 413) from Colombia answered factors associated with prosociality measures and judgments about SARS-CoV-2 risk, impact, and acceptance of quarantine guidelines. Results revealed that affective empathy (personal distress and empathic concern) and moral tendencies (deontological trends) predicted greater acceptance of quarantine but in turn yielded an increased perception of risks and individual impacts of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, age (older) and gender (female) also increased the risk perception and impact estimation. These results underscore the role of prosocial-related predispositions informing individual responses to the pandemic and provide an opportunity to exploit this knowledge to inform successful interventions favoring behavioral change.

The Andalusian Agency of Energy has identified three areas of major interest for harnessing wave energy, in their plan of “Marine Energy and Energy Resources of Andalusia”. One of these areas is located on the Atlantic coast, the bay of Cádiz. Considering this initial interest, the objective of this work is to carry out an evaluation of the performance provided by various technologies of wave energy conversion in the bay of Cádiz. The data for the wave climate in the target area are obtained from the Spanish Agency Puertos del Estado. Diagrams for bivariate distributions of the sea states occurrences, defined by the significant wave height and the energy period, are shown. On this basis, the output of nine different technologies for the conversion of wave energy is assessed in the reference locations in the bay of Cádiz. According to the results obtained, it can be said that the bay of Cádiz is a suitable place for wave energy extraction.

We studied the developmental course of the spreading of phonological activation in individuals with and without dyslexia by means of a phonological version of the Deese/Roediger-McDermott false memory task. The false memory effect is assumed to reflect the spreading of activation from the presented stimuli to similar words in the lexicon. We assessed 35 volunteers with dyslexia and a group of matched controls with ages ranging from 6 to 58 years. They were first presented with six lists of ten two-syllable words each, all of which shared one syllable with a reference unpresented word. Then, they answered a recognition questionnaire including 24 presented words, 18 phonologically related unpresented words, and 12 unrelated unpresented words. False recognition of phonologically related words increased with age in the control group but stayed at very low levels in the dyslexia group. Our study indicates the existence of a deficit in the spreading of phonological activation in individuals with dyslexia throughout life.