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5. Plant-based milk: unravel the changes of the antioxidant index during processing and storage – a review.

Author

Tong, S. C., Siow, L. F., Tang, T. K., and Lee, Y. Y.

Subjects
MILK substitutes, MICROBIAL inactivation, ANTIOXIDANTS, ECOLOGICAL impact, DECONTAMINATION of food, FOOD industry, MICROBIAL inoculants
Abstract

As a nutrient rich emulsion extracted from plant materials, plant-based milk (PBM) has been the latest trend and hot topic in the food industry due to the growing awareness of consumers toward plant-based products in managing the environmental (carbon footprint and land utility), ethical (animal well-fare) and societal (health-conscious) issues. There have been extensive studies and reviews done to discuss the distinct perspective of PBM including its production, health effects and market acceptance. However, not much has been emphasized on the valuable antioxidants present in PBM which is one of the attributes making them stand apart from dairy milk. The amounts of antioxidants in PBM are important. They offered tremendous health benefits in maintaining optimum health and reducing the risk of various health disorders. Therefore, enhancing the extraction of antioxidants and preserving their activity during production and storage is important. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review of how these antioxidants changes in response to different processing steps involved in PBM production. Presumably, antioxidants in PBM could be potentially lost due to thermal degradation, oxidation or leaching into processing water. Hence, this paper aims to fill the gaps by addressing an extensive review of how different production steps (germination, roasting, soaking, blanching, grinding and filtration, and microbial inactivation) affect the antioxidant content in PBM. In addition, the effect of different microbial inactivation treatments (thermal or non-thermal processing) on the alteration of antioxidant in PBM was also highlighted. This paper can provide useful insight for the industry that aims in selecting suitable processing steps to produce PBM products that carry with them a health declaration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020, release 1

Author

Galles N. C., Liu P. Y., Updike R. L., Fullman N., Nguyen J., Rolfe S., Sbarra A. N., Schipp M. F., Marks A., Abady G. G., Abbas K. M., Abbasi S. W., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A. E., Adabi M., Adamu A. A., Adetokunboh O. O., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal S., Aghamir S. M. K., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu Y., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Albano L., Alemayehu Y., Alene K. A., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Ansar A., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Artanti K. D., Arulappan J., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayza M. A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., B D. B., Babar Z. -U. -D., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Bante S. A., Barnighausen T. W., Barqawi H. J., Barrow A., Bassat Q., Bayarmagnai N., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Bekuma T. T., Belay H. G., Belgaumi U. I., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Boloor A., Braithwaite D., Buonsenso D., Butt Z. A., Camargos P., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Chakinala R. C., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury F. R., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Couto R. A. S., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dagnew B., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De Neve J. -W., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Edem B., Edinur H. A., Eftekharzadeh S., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Erkhembayar R., Esezobor C. I., Eskandarieh S., Ezeonwumelu I. J., Ezzikouri S., Fares J., Faris P. S., Feleke B. E., Ferede T. Y., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Francis M. R., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Gallus S., Garg T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebre T., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebremedhin K. B., Gebremichael B., Gessner B. D., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S. A., Glavan I. -R., Glushkova E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Gopalani S. V., Goudarzi H., Gubari M. I. M., Guo Y., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Haeuser E., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassanein M. H., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Heidari G., Hezam K., Holla R., Hoque M. E., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Hsieh V. C. -R., Huang J., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hussein N. R., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inamdar S., Iqbal U., Irham L. M., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Itumalla R., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kamal Z., Kamande S. M., Kandel H., Karch A., Kassahun G., Kassebaum N. J., Katoto P. D., Kelkay B., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khalil I. A., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M., Khan M. A., Khang Y. -H., Khoja A. T., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Korshunov V. A., Kosen S., Kuate Defo B., Kulkarni V., Kumar A., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kwarteng A., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lee H., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li S., Liu X., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Lozano R., Lutzky Saute R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Makki A., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Medina J. R. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Milne G. J., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamed T. A., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohapatra A., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Montasir A. A., Moore C. E., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mueller U. O., Munro S. B., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Naveed M., Nayak B. P., Negoi I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen T. H., Nikbakhsh R., Ningrum D. N. A., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Ochir C., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pawar S., Pereira J., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pinheiro M., Pirestani M., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ramshaw R. E., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Rios-Blancas M., Rogowski E. L. B., Ronfani L., Rwegerera G. M., Saad A. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Salam N., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saxena D., Saxena S., Seidu A. -A., Seylani A., Shaikh M. A., Shamsizadeh M., Shetty P. H., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Sidemo N. B., Singh A., Singh J. A., Sinha S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Tadesse E. G., Tamiru A. T., Tan K. -K., Tekalegn Y., Temsah M. -H., Thakur B., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tobe-Gai R., Tohidinik H. R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye B., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Ullah S., Unim B., Vacante M., Velazquez D. Z., Vo B., Vollmer S., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Waheed Y., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yon D. K., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zewdie D. T., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zumla A., Murray C. J. L., Lim S. S., Mosser J. F., Aghamir S., Sahraian M., Mansournia M., Mirzaei H., Temsah M., Andrei C., Glavan I., Antonazzo I., Singh Mtech A., Padubidri J., Babar Z., De Neve J., Noubiap J., Chakinala R., Chattu S., Chattu V., Chu D., Chung S., Kumar G., Gilani S., Gupta V., Hargono Dr A., Islam S., Hsieh V., Irvani S. N., Ismail N., Khang Y., Yon D., Kim G., Park E., Shin J., Kim M., Kim Y., Lee Y., Medina J. C., Naimzada M., Rahmani A., Rezai M., Rao S., Saeb M., Seidu A., Tan K., Tohidinik H., Zhang Z., Galles, N, Liu, P, Updike, R, Fullman, N, Nguyen, J, Rolfe, S, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Marks, A, Abady, G, Abbas, K, Abbasi, S, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Adabi, M, Adamu, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, S, Aghamir, S, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, Y, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Albano, L, Alemayehu, Y, Alene, K, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Ansar, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Artanti, K, Arulappan, J, Awan, A, Awoke, M, Ayza, M, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, B, D, Babar, Z, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Bante, S, Barnighausen, T, Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Bassat, Q, Bayarmagnai, N, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Bekuma, T, Belay, H, Belgaumi, U, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Boloor, A, Braithwaite, D, Buonsenso, D, Butt, Z, Camargos, P, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Chakinala, R, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, F, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Couto, R, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De Neve, J, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, B, Desai, R, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Edem, B, Edinur, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, C, Eskandarieh, S, Ezeonwumelu, I, Ezzikouri, S, Fares, J, Faris, P, Feleke, B, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Gallus, S, Garg, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebre, T, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremichael, B, Gessner, B, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Glavan, I, Glushkova, E, Golechha, M, Gonfa, K, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Gubari, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, R, Haeuser, E, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassanein, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hoque, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hsieh, V, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hussein, N, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inamdar, S, Iqbal, U, Irham, L, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Itumalla, R, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kamal, Z, Kamande, S, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Kassahun, G, Kassebaum, N, Katoto, P, Kelkay, B, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khoja, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Kuate Defo, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lee, H, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Liu, X, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Lozano, R, Lutzky Saute, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Makki, A, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Medina, J, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Milne, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamed, T, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohapatra, A, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Montasir, A, Moore, C, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mueller, U, Munro, S, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, B, Negoi, I, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pinheiro, M, Pirestani, M, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ramshaw, R, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Rios-Blancas, M, Rogowski, E, Ronfani, L, Rwegerera, G, Saad, A, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salam, N, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Seidu, A, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shetty, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Sidemo, N, Singh, A, Singh, J, Sinha, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Tadesse, E, Tamiru, A, Tan, K, Tekalegn, Y, Temsah, M, Thakur, B, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Tohidinik, H, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, B, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Vacante, M, Velazquez, D, Vo, B, Vollmer, S, Vu, G, Vu, L, Waheed, Y, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yon, D, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zumla, A, Murray, C, Lim, S, Mosser, J, Singh Mtech, A, Hargono Dr, A, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Tampere University, Health Sciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Abbas, Kaja [0000-0003-0563-1576], Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, and GBD 2020, Release 1, Vaccine Coverage Collaborators

Subjects
Vaccine coverage, Vacunación de rutina, Time Factors, Vaccination Coverage, Global Plan of Action on Vaccines, Service delivery framework, IMPACT, Global Health, Cobertura de vacunas, Routine childhood vaccination, Global Burden of Disease, Public Health, Underserved Population, Polio vaccine, 0302 clinical medicine, WORLDWIDE, Routine immunisation, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, childhood vaccination, GBD, Plan de Acción Mundial sobre Vacunas, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, ddc, Vaccination, Poliovirus Vaccines, Action plan, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Vacunación infantil, MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, 030231 tropical medicine, Measles Vaccine, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE, VALIDITY, Vaccination approaches, PROGRESS, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, CONFLICT, Equity (economics), Science & Technology, business.industry, MORTALITY, GBD 2020, Release 1, Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, Global burden of disease, injury and risk factors, Child vaccination, Global vaccine policies, Políticas mundiales de vacunación, Carga global de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo, Global vaccination policies, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Childhood vaccination, Measles vaccine, Routine vaccination, business, Vaccine programme implementation
Abstract

Medir la vacunación infantil de rutina es crucial para informar las políticas mundiales de vacunación y la implementación de programas, y para hacer un seguimiento del progreso hacia los objetivos establecidos por el Plan de Acción Mundial sobre Vacunas (GVAP) y la Agenda de Inmunización 2030. Se necesitan estimaciones sólidas de la cobertura de vacunación de rutina para identificar los éxitos pasados ​​y persistentes. vulnerabilidades. A partir del Estudio de la carga global de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo (GBD) 2020, versión 1, realizamos un análisis sistemático de las tendencias de cobertura de vacunas a nivel mundial, regional y nacional utilizando un marco estadístico, por vacuna y a lo largo del tiempo. Métodos Para este análisis recopilamos 55 326 observaciones específicas del país, de la cohorte, del año, de la vacuna y de la dosis de la cobertura de vacunación infantil de rutina entre 1980 y 2019. Utilizando el proceso de regresión gaussiana espaciotemporal, Estimaciones específicas por año de 11 indicadores de cobertura de vacunación infantil de rutina para 204 países y territorios desde 1980 hasta 2019, ajustando los sesgos en los datos informados por los países y reflejando los desabastecimientos informados y las interrupciones en el suministro. Analizamos las tendencias mundiales y regionales en la cobertura y el número de niños con dosis cero (definidos como aquellos que nunca recibieron una dosis de vacuna contra la difteria, el tétanos y la tos ferina [DTP]), el progreso hacia los objetivos del GVAP y la relación entre la cobertura de la vacuna y el desarrollo sociodemográfico. Recomendaciones Para 2019, la cobertura mundial de la tercera dosis de DTP (DTP3; 81,6 % [intervalo de incertidumbre del 95 % 80,4–82,7]) se duplicó con creces con respecto a los niveles estimados en 1980 (39,9 % [37,5–42 ·1]), al igual que la cobertura mundial de la vacuna antisarampionosa de primera dosis (MCV1; del 38,5 % [35,4–41,3] en 1980 al 83,6 % [82,3–84,8 ] en 2019). La cobertura de la vacuna antipoliomielítica de tercera dosis (Pol3) también aumentó, del 42,6 % (41,4–44,1) en 1980 al 79,8 % (78,4–81,1) en 2019, y la cobertura mundial de vacunas más nuevas Las vacunas aumentaron rápidamente entre 2000 y 2019. La cantidad mundial de niños que recibieron dosis cero se redujo en casi un 75 % entre 1980 y 2019, de 56,8 millones (52,6–60,9) a 14,5 millones (13,4– 15·9). Sin embargo, durante la última década, la cobertura mundial de vacunas se estabilizó en general; 94 países y territorios registraron una disminución de la cobertura de DTP3 desde 2010. Se estimó que solo 11 países y territorios alcanzaron el objetivo nacional del GVAP de al menos una cobertura del 90 % para todas las vacunas evaluadas en 2019. Interpretación Después de lograr grandes avances en la cobertura de vacunación infantil en todo el mundo, en gran parte del mundo este progreso se estancó o se revirtió de 2010 a 2019. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de revisar las estrategias de inmunización de rutina y los enfoques programáticos, centrando la prestación de servicios en torno a la equidad y las poblaciones desatendidas. Fortalecer los datos de vacunas y los sistemas de monitoreo es crucial para estas actividades, ahora y hasta 2030, para garantizar que todos los niños tengan acceso y puedan beneficiarse de las vacunas que salvan vidas. Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4–82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5–42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4–41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3–84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4–44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4–81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6–60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4–15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines.

Published
2021

12. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Results of the Prospective Controlled Multinational GI-COVID-19 Study

Author

Marasco, G., Cremon, C., Barbaro, M. R., Salvi, D., Cacciari, G., Kagramanova, A., Bordin, D., Drug, V., Miftode, E., Fusaroli, P., Mohamed, S. Y., Ricci, C., Bellini, M., Rahman, M. M., Melcarne, L., Santos, J., Lobo, B., Bor, S., Yapali, S., Akyol, D., Sapmaz, F. P., Urun, Y. Y., Eskazan, T., Celebi, A., Kacmaz, H., Ebik, B., Binicier, H. C., Bugdayci, M. S., Yagci, M. B., Pullukcu, H., Kaya, B. Y., Tureyen, A., Hatemi, I., Koc, E. S., Sirin, G., Caliskan, A. R., Bengi, G., Alis, E. E., Lukic, S., Trajkovska, M., Hod, K., Dumitrascu, D., Pietrangelo, A., Corradini, E., Simren, M., Sjolund, J., Tornkvist, N., Ghoshal, U. C., Kolokolnikova, O., Colecchia, A., Serra, J., Maconi, G., De Giorgio, R., Danese, S., Portincasa, P., Di Stefano, M., Maggio, M., Philippou, E., Lee, Y. Y., Venturi, A., Borghi, C., Zoli, M., Gionchetti, P., Viale, P., Stanghellini, V., Barbara, G., Piacentini, A., Shengelia, M., Vechorko, V., Cardamone, C., Rosei, C. A., Pancetti, A., Rettura, F., Pedrosa, M., Campoli, C., Mijac, D., Korac, M., Karic, U., Markovic, A., Najdeski, A., Nikolova, D., Dimzova, M., Lior, O., Shinhar, N., Perelmutter, O., Ringel, Y., Sabo, C. M., Chis, A., Bonucchi, G., Caio, G. P. I., Ghirardi, C., Marziani, B., Rizzello, B., Aguilar, A., Capogreco, A., Aghemo, A., Di Paolo, D. M., Marconi, G., Di Sabatino, A., Tagliaferri, S., Naves, J. E., Galli, A., Dragoni, G., Nedelcu, L., Mauloni, P. A., Del Vecchio, S., Rotondo, L., Capuani, F., Montanari, D., Palombo, F., Paone, C., Mastel, G., Fontana, C., Bellacosa, L., Cogliandro, R. F., Marasco, Giovanni, Cremon, Cesare, Barbaro, Maria Raffaella, Salvi, Daniele, Cacciari, Giulia, Kagramanova, Anna, Bordin, Dmitry, Drug, Vasile, Miftode, Edgidia, Fusaroli, Pietro, Mohamed, Salem Youssef, Ricci, Chiara, Bellini, Massimo, Rahman, M Masudur, Melcarne, Luigi, Santos, Javier, Lobo, Beatriz, Bor, Serhat, Yapali, Suna, Akyol, Deniz, Sapmaz, Ferdane Pirincci, Urun, Yonca Yilmaz, Eskazan, Tugce, Celebi, Altay, Kacmaz, Huseyin, Ebik, Berat, Binicier, Hatice Cilem, Bugdayci, Mehmet Sait, Yağcı, Munkhtsetseg Banzragch, Pullukcu, Husnu, Kaya, Berrin Yalınba, Tureyen, Ali, Hatemi, İbrahim, Koc, Elif Sitre, Sirin, Goktug, Calıskan, Ali Riza, Bengi, Goksel, Alıs, Esra Ergun, Lukic, Snezana, Trajkovska, Meri, Hod, Keren, Dumitrascu, Dan, Pietrangelo, Antonello, Corradini, Elena, Simren, Magnu, Sjolund, Jessica, Tornkvist, Navkiran, Ghoshal, Uday C, Kolokolnikova, Olga, Colecchia, Antonio, Serra, Jordi, Maconi, Giovanni, De Giorgio, Roberto, Danese, Silvio, Portincasa, Pietro, Di Stefano, Michele, Maggio, Marcello, Philippou, Elena, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Venturi, Alessandro, Borghi, Claudio, Zoli, Marco, Gionchetti, Paolo, Viale, Pierluigi, Stanghellini, Vincenzo, and Barbara, Giovanni

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Nausea, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), diarrhea, Disease, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, COVID-19, Acute Respiratory Syndrome, GI-COVID-19, NO, Russia, Manifestations, Interviews as Topic, Rating scale, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, parasitic diseases, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Settore MED/12 - Gastroenterologia, Hepatology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, Gastroenterology, COVID-19, Middle Aged, gastrointestinal, Gastroenteritis, Europe, Hospital admission, Egypt, Female, medicine.symptom, business, human activities
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) have been reported with great variability and without standardization. In hospitalized patients, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GI symptoms, factors associated with their occurrence, and variation at 1 month. METHODS: The GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicenter, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were recruited at hospital admission and asked for GI symptoms at admission and after 1 month, using the validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. RESULTS: The study included 2036 hospitalized patients. A total of 871 patients (575 COVID+ and 296 COVID-) were included for the primary analysis. GI symptoms occurred more frequently in patients with COVID-19 (59.7%; 343/575 patients) than in the control group (43.2%; 128/296 patients) (P < 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 complained of higher presence or intensity of nausea, diarrhea, loose stools, and urgency as compared with controls. At a 1-month follow-up, a reduction in the presence or intensity of GI symptoms was found in COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms at hospital admission. Nausea remained increased over controls. Factors significantly associated with nausea persistence in COVID-19 were female sex, high body mass index, the presence of dyspnea, and increased C-reactive protein levels. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of GI symptoms in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is higher than previously reported. Systemic and respiratory symptoms are often associated with GI complaints. Nausea may persist after the resolution of COVID-19 infection., Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna [SC1-BHC-01-2019]; European Grant H2020, DISCOvERIE [SC1-BHC-01-2019]; Italian Ministry of Health [Ricerca Finalizzata GR-2018-12367062], G.B. contribution to this research was permitted in part by funding from Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna; the ItalianMinistry of Education, University and Research; and Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna and European Grant H2020, DISCOvERIE, SC1-BHC-01-2019. M.R.B. is a recipient of a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata GR-2018-12367062). None of the funding organizations have had any role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, management, and analysis of the data; or in the preparation, review, and approval of the article.

Published
2022

13. Electromagnetic Properties Performance of MWCNTs/Polyester Composites in X-band

Author

Lee Y. S., Wee F. H., You K. Y., Lee C. Y., Lee Y. Y., Zahid L., Ramli Nur Hidayah, Shakhirul M. S., Idris Nurulbariah, and Cheng E. M.

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

In this paper presents nano-composites based on polyester (PE) matrix with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers have been developed for microwave absorbing materials. The MWCNTs/PE composite samples were fabricated with different weight ratio of MWCNTs (3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The electromagnetic properties of different MWCNTs/PE composite have been determined by using rectangular waveguide technique and Agilent material measurement software. Moreover, the reflection loss (microwave absorption) of MWCNTs/PE composite have been calculated based on the basis of transmission line theory. The performance of electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of MWCNTs/PE composite were analyzed in X-band frequency. The dielectric loss properties of the composite are increse with increasing in MWCNTs weight ratio. The microwave absorption results show that such 3 wt% MWCNTs/PE composites sample with 4 mm thickness has achieved less than -10 dB values (< 90 % microwave absorption) of reflection loss.

Published
2018
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17. School-based socio-emotional learning programs to prevent depression, anxiety and suicide among adolescents: a global cost-effectiveness analysis.

Author

Lee, Y. Y., Skeen, S., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Laurenzi, C. A., van Ommeren, M., Fleischmann, A., Servili, C., Mihalopoulos, C., and Chisholm, D.

Subjects
MIDDLE-income countries, SUICIDE, COST effectiveness, LOW-income countries, TEENAGERS, HEALTH equity, TEENAGE girls, SCHOOL children
Abstract

Aims. Preventing the occurrence of depression/anxiety and suicide during adolescence can lead to substantive health gains over the course of an individual person's life. This study set out to identify the expected population-level costs and health impacts of implementing universal and indicated school-based socio-emotional learning (SEL) programs in different country contexts. Methods. A Markov model was developed to examine the effectiveness of delivering universal and indicated school-based SEL programs to prevent the onset of depression/anxiety and suicide deaths among adolescents. Intervention health impacts were measured in healthy life years gained (HLYGs) over a 100-year time horizon. Country-specific intervention costs were calculated and denominated in 2017 international dollars (2017 I$) under a health systems perspective. Cost-effectiveness findings were subsequently expressed in terms of I$ per HLYG. Analyses were conducted on a group of 20 countries from different regions and income levels, with final results aggregated and presented by country income group - that is, low and lower middle income countries (LLMICs) and upper middle and high-income countries (UMHICs). Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test model assumptions. Results. Implementation costs ranged from an annual per capita investment of I$0.10 in LLMICs to I$0.16 in UMHICs for the universal SEL program and I$0.06 in LLMICs to I$0.09 in UMHICs for the indicated SEL program. The universal SEL program generated 100 HLYGs per 1 million population compared to 5 for the indicated SEL program in LLMICs. The cost per HLYG was I$958 in LLMICS and I$2,006 in UMHICs for the universal SEL program and I$11,123 in LLMICs and I$18,473 in UMHICs for the indicated SEL program. Cost-effectiveness findings were highly sensitive to variations around input parameter values involving the intervention effect sizes and the disability weight used to estimate HLYGs. Conclusions. The results of this analysis suggest that universal and indicated SEL programs require a low level of investment (in the range of I$0.05 to I$0.20 per head of population) but that universal SEL programs produce significantly greater health benefits at a population level and therefore better value for money (e.g., less than I$1,000 per HLYG in LLMICs). Despite producing fewer population-level health benefits, the implementation of indicated SEL programs may be justified as a means of reducing population inequalities that affect high-risk populations who would benefit from a more tailored intervention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. The cost-effectiveness of banning highly hazardous pesticides to prevent suicides due to pesticide self-ingestion across 14 countries:a model-based economic evaluation

Author

Lee, Y Y, Chisholm, D, Eddleston, M, Gunnell, D, Fleischmann, A, Konradsen, F, Bertram, M Y, Mihalopoulos, C, Brown, R, Santomauro, D F, Schess, J, and van Ommeren, M

Subjects
models, economic evaluation, economic, commerce/legislation and jurisprudence, suicide/economics, cost-utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, suicide/statistics and numerical data, pesticides/poisoning, suicide/prevention and control, humans, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Background: Reducing suicides is a key Sustainable Development Goal target for improving global health. Highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) are among the leading causes of death by suicide in low-and-middle-income countries. National bans of acutely-toxic HHPs have led to significant reductions in pesticide suicides across several countries. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of implementing national HHP bans to reduce the burden of pesticide suicides.Methods: A model was developed using WHO-CHOICE methods to estimate pesticide attributable suicide rates over a 100-year time horizon from 2017. The impact of implementing a national HHP ban was compared to a ‘null’ comparator. Costs were estimated in 2017 international dollars (I$). Health impacts were measured in Healthy Life Years Gained (HLYGs). The analysis involved 14 countries spanning low-to-high-income settings. Cost-effectiveness ratios (I$ per HLYG) were reported across two country income groups.Findings: Banning HHPs across 14 countries could result in up to 28,000 fewer suicide deaths each year (95%UI:24,000–32,000) at an annual cost of $0·007 per capita (95%UI:0·006–0·008). National bans are cost-effective in countries where a high proportion of suicides are attributable to pesticide self-poisoning. The cost-effectiveness ratio was $94 per HLYG (95%UI:73–123)in low and lower middle-income countries and $237 per HLYG (95%UI:191–303) in upper middle- and high-income countries.Interpretation: National HHP bans are a potentially cost-effective and affordable intervention for reducing suicide deaths in countries with a high burden of pesticide suicides. However, study findings are limited by imperfect data and assumptions that could be improved upon by future studies.

Published
2020

44. Northern Winter Climate Change: Assessment of Uncertainty in CMIP5 Projections Related to Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling

Author

Manzini, E, Karpechko, A.Yu, Anstey, J, Shindell, Drew Todd, Baldwin, M.P, Black, R.X, Cagnazzo, C, Calvo, N, Charlton-Perez, A, Christiansen, B, Davini, Paolo, Gerber, E, Giorgetta, M, Gray, L, Hardiman, S.C, Lee, Y.-Y, Marsh, D.R, McDaniel, B.A, Purich, A, Scaife, A.A, Shindell, Drew, Son, S.-W, Watanabe, S, and Zappa, G

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Future changes in the stratospheric circulation could have an important impact on northern winter tropospheric climate change, given that sea level pressure (SLP) responds not only to tropospheric circulation variations but also to vertically coherent variations in troposphere-stratosphere circulation. Here we assess northern winter stratospheric change and its potential to influence surface climate change in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble. In the stratosphere at high latitudes, an easterly change in zonally averaged zonal wind is found for the majority of the CMIP5 models, under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Comparable results are also found in the 1% CO2 increase per year projections, indicating that the stratospheric easterly change is common feature in future climate projections. This stratospheric wind change, however, shows a significant spread among the models. By using linear regression, we quantify the impact of tropical upper troposphere warming, polar amplification, and the stratospheric wind change on SLP. We find that the intermodel spread in stratospheric wind change contributes substantially to the intermodel spread in Arctic SLP change. The role of the stratosphere in determining part of the spread in SLP change is supported by the fact that the SLP change lags the stratospheric zonally averaged wind change. Taken together, these findings provide further support for the importance of simulating the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere, to narrow the uncertainty in the future projection of tropospheric circulation changes.

Published
2014
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47. β-secretase (BACE1)-inhibiting stilbenoids from Smilax Rhizoma

Author

Jeon, S.-Y., Kwon, S.-H., Seong, Y.-H., Bae, K., Hur, J.-M., Lee, Y.-Y., Suh, D.-Y., and Song, K.-S.

Subjects
Sarsaparilla -- Research, Alzheimer's disease -- Care and treatment -- Research, Biological sciences, Health, Science and technology
Abstract

Abstract In the course of searching for BACE1 (β-secretase) inhibitors from natural products, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Smilax Rhizoma (the dried rhizomes of Smilax china L.) showed potent [...]

Published
2007

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