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Universities and scholars around the world teach and research extensively in the field of peace education; yet, despite a plethora of diverse scholarship, educational programs are often critiqued as dominated by the English-speaking world. This paper employs the intersecting lenses of decolonization and postcolonial theory to explore and challenge the perceived dominance of Western literature and practice. Using a criss-crossing comparison method, English and Korean literatures are compared to ascertain the extent of Western-centricity within Korean higher education peace studies, and to offer a critical discussion of liberal peacebuilding, and linear problem-solving models within the literatures. Counter-arguments and policy recommendations are considered. The paper concludes that for peace education to fulfill its mission, global educational decolonization movements need to be strengthened. It is argued that efforts toward decolonization of Korean peace education could support the global movement toward a more socially just peace education for the twenty-first century.

This paper delves into the evolving academic and educational dynamics between Singapore and China, highlighting their mutually reinforcing relationship. It examines both historical connections and current academic linkages, focusing on the key factors driving Chinese international student migration to Singapore. The paper details diplomatic and economic connections that have led to educational exchanges and migration, emphasising how early interactions laid the groundwork for robust training and educational cooperation. Furthermore, it underscores the substantial presence of Chinese students in Singapore's tertiary education and the distinctive attributes that make Singapore a sought-after study destination in Southeast Asia—such as the city-state’s approach to higher education prioritising human capital development over tuition revenue generation, the global reputation of its higher education institutions, English-speaking environment, and promising career prospects due to the presence of multinational companies. Finally, the paper explores cross-border academic mobility and joint knowledge production between the two countries. In doing so, it seeks to augment the existing understanding of regional student mobility and knowledge production, shedding light on the evolving dynamics between China and Singapore within the domain of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In attempting to understand and prevent fare evasion, existing research and policy have often categorised fare evaders based on passenger 'types' or profiles. However, such categorisations of 'malicious' or 'virtuous' behaviours rely on underlying moral claims which often go unexamined. In this paper, we study how different actors construct such moral claims as part of everyday interactions. We demonstrate that the everyday moralities of not or under-paying are diverse, locally occasioned, and emotionally charged. Drawing on social media and video data from Chile and the UK, we examine interactions between passengers, by-standers, transport workers, and transport operators. We highlight the diverse resources that actors draw upon to construct moral claims around fare evasion, including the mobilisation of alternative moral categories; attempts to produce exceptions to formal rules; and the foregrounding of moral emotions. The paper engages with an interdisciplinary body of work which reassesses existing policies and societal responses to fare evasion, while also contributing to a nascent literature on everyday morality and mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study offers an exploration of the ways in which transnational, degree-seeking, undergraduate students from Anglophone and European countries make sense of their experiences of studying in China. Through an analysis of participants' verbal, visual, and textual narratives recounted in interviews and participants' social media postings, the paper examines how Western-situated transnational students attempt to differentiate themselves from various 'Others' – other types of international students, as well as immobile Others in both home and host countries. Findings point out that there is a dominant image of the bona fide cosmopolitan, which study participants aspired to be, and hence tried continuously to (re)produce through mobility. In critically reflecting on the transnational students' performance of bona fide cosmopolitanism, this paper addresses issues related to how Western-situated international students create various Others and simultaneously consume difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on social media content created by Western‐situated transnational students as well as two international branch campuses in China, this article scrutinises the textual and visual rhetoric made available by transnational students and international branch campuses for public consumption. Particularly, it describes the ways in which intranational branch campuses and transnational students co‐produce, perform, and curate cosmopolitan sensibilities through social media. Theoretically, this paper proposes the analytical lens of materiality as one way to understand the narrative strategies employed by international branch campuses to construct China as a unique and desirable destination for international education, and by transnational students from North America and European countries to exhibit cosmopolitan practices within domains of their everyday life in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Higher levels of serum phosphate are strongly linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and therapies aimed to lower serum phosphate are employed in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data are limited, however, on serum phosphate as a risk factor for microvascular disease in community-based populations. It is important to determine the impact of novel risk factors, such as phosphate, on the microvasculature. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 3919 individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and 3544 individuals in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) to test the associations of serum phosphate with retinopathy and retinal vessel caliber, and change in retinopathy severity and change in retinal vessel caliber. Results: Mean (standard deviation) serum phosphate was 3.66 (0.52) mg/dl in the MESA and 3.77 (0.55) mg/dl in the BDES. In multivariable adjusted models, phosphate was significantly associated with prevalent retinopathy in the MESA (Odds Ratio [OR] per 1 mg/dl increase in phosphate, 1.22; Confidence Interval [CI] 1.02–1.47) and the BDES (OR 1.06; CI 1.01–1.11). In stratified analyses, these relationships were even stronger and only seen in individuals with diabetes in both the MESA (OR 1.81; CI 1.30–2.53) and the BDES (OR 1.16; CI 1.05–1.29). Phosphate was not associated with incident or change in retinopathy severity, nor any retinal caliber outcome. Conclusions: Among community-living individuals with low prevalence of CKD, higher serum phosphate was associated with prevalent retinopathy in individuals with diabetes. Further longitudinal assessments in patients with diabetes necessitate further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of living off the land by using the indigenous resources of the Moon, Mars, or other potential sites of robotic and human exploration has been termed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and will be an enabling technology to open up the solar system. Although the most recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) human Mars mission study (Design Reference Architecture 5.0) showed that production of propellants and life support consumables was a mission-enabling capability, mission planners were hesitant to select the newly proposed water extraction from Mars soil option because of the perceived high risk associated with this approach. To overcome resistance in putting ISRU capabilities in the critical path of mission success, NASA ISRU developers have adopted the approach of designing and building hardware into end-to-end systems at representative mission scales and testing these systems under mission-relevant conditions at analog field test sites. Previous ISRU field demonstrations have been standalone lunar ISRU modules running on alternating current power with nonoptimal integration. The primary goal of the Mars atmosphere and regolith collector/processor for lander operations (MARCO POLO) project is to design, build, and test an end-to-end first-generation Mars ISRU atmospheric and soil-processing system powered by mission-relevant direct current power while also demonstrating closed-loop power production via the combination of a fuel cell and electrolyzer. A secondary goal is to perform remote and autonomous operations with this integrated system on a octagon lander and transfer oxygen and methane produced to a cryocart for use with a thruster to demonstrate an end-to-end Mars resource-to-thrust concept. This paper will outline the overall design, technologies used, and concept of operations for the MARCO POLO project and its upcoming field demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identified genetic loci for C-peptide and age at diagnosis (AAD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) explain only a small proportion of their variation. Here, we aimed to perform large metagenome-wide association studies (GWAS) of C-peptide and AAD in T1D; and to identify the HLA allele/haplotypes associated with C-peptide and AAD. 7,252 and 7,923 European individuals with T1D were included in C-peptide and AAD GWAS, respectively. HLA-DQB1*06:02 which is strongly protective against T1D was associated with higher C-peptide. HLA-DQB1*03:02, HLADRB1*03:01 and HLA-A*24:02 which increase T1D risk were independently associated with younger AAD. HLA-DR3-DR4 haplotype combination, the strongest T1D susceptibility factor, was associated with younger AAD. Outside HLA region, rs115673528 on Chr5 (GABRG2) was associated with C-peptide, and an indel, rs111970692, on Chr15 within CTSH, a known T1D locus, was associated with AAD. Genetically predicted CTSH expression, methylation and protein levels were associated with AAD; Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that higher levels of procathepsin H reduce AAD. In conclusion, some HLA allele/haplotypes associated with T1D also contribute to variability of C-peptide and AAD. Outside HLA, T1D loci are generally not associated with C-peptide or AAD. CTSH could be a potential therapeutic target to delay development/progression of type 1 diabetes., (© 2024 by the American Diabetes Association.)