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3. Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data

Author

Jeong, Gwang Hun, Lee, Hyo Jeong, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Lee, Keum Hwa, Han, Young Joo, Yoon, Sojung, Ryu, Seohyun, Kim, Da Kyung, Park, Myung Bae, Yang, Jae Won, Effenberger, Maria, Eisenhut, Michael, Hong, Sung Hwi, Kronbichler, Andreas, Ghayda, Ramy Abou, and Shin, Jae Il

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundSouth Korea is one of the few countries that has succeeded in flattening the curve of new COVID-19 cases and avoiding a second outbreak by implementing multiple strategies, ranging from an individual level to the population level. ObjectiveWe aim to discuss the unique strategies and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and present a summary of policies implemented by the Korean government during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional study of epidemiological data published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2020. We analyzed detailed epidemiological information of COVID-19 cases, including the number of confirmed cases and resulting deaths. ResultsAs of October 1, 2020, a total of 23,889 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 415 deaths were reported in South Korea. In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. ConclusionsUnderstanding the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and the government’s successful efforts in managing the spread of the disease can provide important insights to other countries dealing with the ongoing pandemic.

Published
2020
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25. Research Topics in Intellectual Disabilities in North Korea: A Scoping Review

Author

Kim, Taehoon, Choi, Soyoung, and Lee, Jun-Young

Abstract

Background: Research outcomes on intellectual development and related disabilities in North Korea are not widely known. Therefore, the current scoping review aimed to provide preliminary insight on research topics concerning intellectual disabilities in North Korea. Method: A six-stage framework for scoping review was adopted to examine research trends. Articles were categorised based on the era of supreme leader and research topic. Results: There is a greater amount of research regarding intellectual disabilities in the recent Kim Jong-un era compared to the period of the previous leader where research outcomes on general intelligence were the focus. Significant qualitative progress was similarly found. Conclusions: The current analysis on research outcomes provides meaningful insights to aid in understanding the atmosphere in North Korea surrounding intellectual disabilities. Follow-up studies and open discussions are necessary for further progress.

Published
2022
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39. Impact of amyloid and cardiometabolic risk factors on prognostic capacity of plasma neurofilament light chain for neurodegeneration.

Author

Kim, Keun You, Kim, Eosu, Lee, Jun-Young, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Weiner, Michael, Aisen, Paul, Petersen, Ronald, Jack Jr., Clifford R., Jagust, William, Trojanowki, John Q., Toga, Arthur W., Beckett, Laurel, Green, Robert C., Saykin, Andrew J., Morris, John, Shaw, Leslie M., Liu, Enchi, Montine, Tom, Thomas, Ronald G., and Donohue, Michael

Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease, POSITRON emission tomography, MILD cognitive impairment, HYPERTENSION risk factors, KIDNEY physiology
Abstract

Background: Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a blood biomarker of neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease. However, its usefulness may be influenced by common conditions in older adults, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and cardiometabolic risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired kidney function, and obesity. This longitudinal observational study using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort investigated how these conditions influence the prognostic capacity of plasma NfL. Methods: Non-demented participants (cognitively unimpaired or mild cognitive impairment) underwent repeated assessments including the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) scores, hippocampal volumes, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes at 6- or 12-month intervals. Linear mixed-effect models were employed to examine the interaction between plasma NfL and various variables of interest, such as Aβ (evaluated using Florbetapir positron emission tomography), hypertension, DM, impaired kidney function, or obesity. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 62.5 months, participants with a mean age of 72.1 years (n = 720, 48.8% female) at baseline were observed. Higher plasma NfL levels at baseline were associated with steeper increases in ADAS-Cog scores and WMH volumes, and steeper decreases in hippocampal volumes over time (all p-values < 0.001). Notably, Aβ at baseline significantly enhanced the association between plasma NfL and longitudinal changes in ADAS-Cog scores (p-value 0.005) and hippocampal volumes (p-value 0.004). Regarding ADAS-Cog score and WMH volume, the impact of Aβ was more prominent in cognitively unimpaired than in mild cognitive impairment. Hypertension significantly heightened the association between plasma NfL and longitudinal changes in ADAS-Cog scores, hippocampal volumes, and WMH volumes (all p-values < 0.001). DM influenced the association between plasma NfL and changes in ADAS-Cog scores (p-value < 0.001) without affecting hippocampal and WMH volumes. Impaired kidney function did not significantly alter the association between plasma NfL and longitudinal changes in any outcome variables. Obesity heightened the association between plasma NfL and changes in hippocampal volumes only (p-value 0.026). Conclusion: This study suggests that the prognostic capacity of plasma NfL may be amplified in individuals with Aβ or hypertension. This finding emphasizes the importance of considering these factors in the NfL-based prognostic model for neurodegeneration in non-demented older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Exploring transfer effects on memory and its neural mechanisms through a computerized cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: randomized controlled trial.

Author

Kang, Jae Myeong, Kim, Nambeom, Yun, Seon Kyung, Seo, Ha‐Eun, Bae, Jae Nam, Kim, Won‐Hyoung, Na, Kyoung‐Sae, Cho, Seo‐Eun, Ryu, Seung‐Ho, Noh, Young, Youn, Jung‐Hae, Kang, Seung‐Gul, Lee, Jun‐Young, and Cho, Seong‐Jin

Subjects
MILD cognitive impairment, THERAPEUTICS, RESEARCH funding, FUNCTIONAL connectivity, STATISTICAL sampling, TREATMENT effectiveness, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, TRANSFER of training, TEMPORAL lobe, CONTROL groups, PRE-tests & post-tests, COMPUTERS in medicine, MEMORY, LARGE-scale brain networks, COMPARATIVE studies, HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), COGNITIVE rehabilitation, BRAIN mapping
Abstract

Background: Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been proposed as a potential therapy for cognitive decline. One of the benefits of CCT is a transfer effect, but its mechanism on the memory domain is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the transfer effect of non‐memory multidomain CCT on the memory domain and its neural basis in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients with MCI recruited from memory clinics were randomly assigned to either the CCT or the control group. The CCT group received multidomain CCT training excluding memory training, while the control group read educational books with learning‐based quizzes twice a week for 8 weeks. Participants underwent memory tests yielding a composite score, other cognitive domain tests, non‐cognitive scales, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), at baseline and after intervention. Within‐ and between‐group comparisons, group × time interactions, and seed‐to‐voxel analyses in memory‐involving brain networks were performed. Results: The CCT group showed improvement over the control group in memory domain (Group × time, F = 5.87, P = 0.03, η2 = 0.31), which was related with the increased connectivity in the hippocampal‐frontal and fusiform‐occipital network. No other cognitive and non‐cognitive symptoms differed between groups after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Eight weeks of multidomain CCT without memory training improved memory function and restored functional network in the hippocampal and medial temporal region in MCI patients. These results can provide evidence for the transferring ability of CCT on memory functioning with its neural basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Cognitive reserve proxies, Alzheimer pathologies, and cognition

Author

Ko, Kang, Yi, Dahyun, Byun, Min Soo, Lee, Jun Ho, Jeon, So Yeon, Kim, Woo Jin, Byeon, Gihwan, Sung, Kiyoung, Han, Dongkyun, Lee, Younghwa, Joung, Haejung, Jung, Gijung, Lee, Jun-Young, Kim, Heejung, Kim, Yu Kyeong, Kang, Koung Mi, Sohn, Chul-Ho, Lee, Dong Young, and for the KBASE research group

Published
2021
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