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Your search keyword '"Lawrence, Alistair B."' showing total 172 results
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172 results on '"Lawrence, Alistair B."'

4. Stem cell-derived porcine macrophages as a new platform for studying host-pathogen interactions

Author

Meek, Stephen, Watson, Tom, Eory, Lel, McFarlane, Gus, Wynne, Felicity J., McCleary, Stephen, Dunn, Laura E. M., Charlton, Emily M., Craig, Chloe, Shih, Barbara, Regan, Tim, Taylor, Ryan, Sutherland, Linda, Gossner, Anton, Chintoan-Uta, Cosmin, Fletcher, Sarah, Beard, Philippa M., Hassan, Musa A., Grey, Finn, Hope, Jayne C., Stevens, Mark P., Nowak-Imialek, Monika, Niemann, Heiner, Ross, Pablo J., Tait-Burkard, Christine, Brown, Sarah M., Lefevre, Lucas, Thomson, Gerard, McColl, Barry W., Lawrence, Alistair B., Archibald, Alan L., Steinbach, Falko, Crooke, Helen R., Gao, Xuefei, Liu, Pentao, and Burdon, Tom

Published
2022
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17. What symbolises a "good farmer" when it comes to farm animal welfare?

Author

Vigors, Belinda, Wemelsfelder, Francoise, and Lawrence, Alistair B.

Subjects
ANIMAL welfare, DOMESTIC animals, FARMERS' attitudes, ANIMAL behavior, FARMERS, SUPPLY & demand
Abstract

The literature examining farmers' views of animal welfare is dominated by the study of cognitive and attitudinal factors. This overlooks how cultural processes can inform what farmers do and why they may be resistant to change when it comes to animal welfare. This paper applies the concept of the "good farmer" to explore how farmers' approaches to welfare are also informed by cultural processes and farmer identity. A more-than-representational lens was applied to an interview study of Scottish livestock farmers (n = 28). This illuminated a set of shared practices and principles idealised by farmers as indicative of good welfare and symbolic of a "good farmer": care of the animal's physical body, care of the animal's physical environment, health management, happy–content animals, stock-keeping skills, objective decision-making, and animal productivity. We explore these in light of the existing "good farmer" literature, discuss how such ideals may impact farmers' welfare-related behaviours, and how supply chain demands may contribute to their restructuring. • Farmer identity is underexplored in the study of farmers' animal welfare behaviours. • Good farmer ideals and identity interact with farmers' animal welfare-related actions. • Supply chain influences may restructure what it means to be a good farmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Contributors

Author

Albernaz-Gonçalves, Rita, Andersen, Inger Lise, Baxter, Emma M., Brajon, Sophie, Camerlink, Irene, Chou, Jen-Yun, Christensen, Tove, Costa, Leonardo Nanni, D’Eath, Richard B., Dalmau, Antoni, Desire, Suzanne, Di Giminiani, Pierpaolo, Düpjan, Sandra, Edwards, Sandra A., Faucitano, Luigi, Goumon, Sébastien, Guevara, Raúl David, Herskin, Mette S., Hötzel, Maria José, Houdijk, Jos, Jarvis, Susan, Ko, Heng-Lun, Lawrence, Alistair B., Llonch, Pol, Mainau, Eva, Manteca, Xavier, Marchant, Jeremy N., Moeller, Grace A., Newberry, Ruth C., Niemi, Jarkko K., Olmos, Gabriela, Pedersen, Lene Juul, Raoult, Camille M.C., Rault, Jean-Loup, Roehe, Rainer, Sandøe, Peter, Siegford, Janice M., Špinka, Marek, Stalder, Kenneth J., Stuardo, Leopoldo, Tallet, Céline, Telkänranta, Helena, Temple, Déborah, Turner, Simon P., Valros, Anna, van de Weerd, Heleen, Velarde, Antonio, Verdon, Megan, and von Borell, Eberhard

Published
2024
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44. Happy or healthy? How members of the public prioritise farm animal health and natural behaviours.

Author

Vigors, Belinda, Ewing, David A., and Lawrence, Alistair B.

Subjects
ANIMAL health, HEALTH behavior, DOMESTIC animals, ANIMAL welfare, PUBLIC welfare
Abstract

The importance given to minimising health issues and promoting natural behaviours is a polarising issue within farm animal welfare. It is predominantly thought that members of the public prioritise animals being able to behave naturally over other aspects of farm animal welfare, such as addressing health issues. However, public perspectives may be more multi-dimensional than is generally thought, with the importance given to these different elements of welfare dependent on the situation and state of the animals in question. To examine this, a factorial survey using vignettes, which experimentally manipulated the different levels of health (high health vs. low health) and natural behaviour provision (high behaviour vs. low behaviour), was completed by a sample (n = 810) representative of the UK population (on age, gender, ethnicity). Contrary to the predominant view, this study found animal health had the greatest effect on participants' judgements, explaining more of the variance in their assessments of animal welfare than any other factor. However, findings also indicated that participants considered animal welfare to be most positive when both health issues are minimised and natural behaviours are promoted. Attitudes to natural behaviours also varied more between participants, with females, individuals who do not (regularly) eat meat and those with a greater belief in animal mind giving greater priority to natural behaviours. In the context of public and private welfare standards seeking to meet public expectations, this study provides important insights into how public perspectives of animal welfare are more nuanced than previously thought, influenced by the context of the animal, the aspect of welfare in question and personal characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Odour conditioning of positive affective states: Rats can learn to associate an odour with being tickled.

Author

Bombail, Vincent, Jerôme, Nathalie, Lam, Ho, Muszlak, Sacha, Meddle, Simone L., Lawrence, Alistair B., and Nielsen, Birte L.

Subjects
ODORS, RATS, ASSOCIATIVE learning, ELECTRIC shock, ANIMAL behavior, RAT control
Abstract

Most associative learning tests in rodents use negative stimuli, such as electric shocks. We investigated if young rats can learn to associate the presence of an odour with the experience of being tickled (i.e. using an experimenter’s hand to mimic rough-and-tumble play), shown to elicit 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs), which are indicative of positive affect. Male, pair-housed Wistar rats (N = 24) were all exposed to two neutral odours (A and B) presented in a perforated container on alternate days in a test arena. Following 60s of exposure, the rats were either tickled on days when odour A (n = 8) or odour B (n = 8) was present, or never tickled (n = 8). When tickled, rats produced significantly more 50 kHz USVs compared to the days when not being tickled, and compared to control rats. The level of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs in the 60s prior to tickling did not differ significantly between the tickled and control rats. As a retrieval test following the odour conditioning, rats were exposed successively in the same arena to three odours: an unknown neutral odour, extract of fox faeces, and either odours A or B. Compared to controls, 50 kHz USVs of tickled rats increased when exposed to the odour they had previously experienced when tickled, indicating that these rats had learned to associate the odour with the positive experience of being tickled. In a test with free access for 5 min to both arms of a T-maze, each containing one of the odours, rats tickled with odour A spent more time in the arm with this odour. This work is the first to test in a fully balanced design whether rats can learn to associate an odour with tickling, and indicates that positive odour conditioning has potential to be used as an alternative to negative conditioning tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. Farm animal welfare: assessing risks attributable to the prenatal environment

Author

Rutherford, Kenneth M D, Donald, Ramona D, Arnott, Gareth, Rooke, John A, Dixon, Laura, Mehers, Jessica, Turnbull, James, and Lawrence, Alistair B

Subjects
prenatal, gestation, early life, foetal, farming, animal welfare
Abstract

An ever-expanding scientific literature highlights the impact of the prenatal environment on many areas of biology. Across all major farmed species, experimental studies have clearly shown that prenatal experiences can have a substantial impact on outcomes relevant to later health, welfare and productivity. In particular, stress or sub-optimal nutrition experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been shown to have wide-ranging and important effects on how her offspring cope with their social, physical and infectious environment. Variation in the conditions for development provided by the reproductive tract or egg, for instance by altered nutritional supply or hormonal exposure, may therefore explain a large degree of variation in many welfare- and productivity-relevant traits. The scientific literature suggests a number of management practices for pre-birth/hatch individuals that could compromise their later welfare. Such studies may have relevance for the welfare of animals under human care, depending on the extent to which real life conditions involve exposure to these practices. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of extending the focus on animal welfare to include the prenatal period, an aspect which until recently has been largely neglected.

Published
2012

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