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1. Serum Magnesium and Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)Plain-Language Summary

Author

Lavinia Negrea, Sarah J. DeLozier, Jessica L. Janes, Mahboob Rahman, and Mirela Dobre

Subjects
Serum magnesium, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, CK, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Rationale & Objective: Low serum magnesium level has been shown to be associated with increased mortality, but its role as a predictor of cardiovascular disease is unclear. This study evaluates the association between serum magnesium level and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a large cohort of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants: 3,867 participants with CKD, enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Exposures: Serum magnesium measured at study baseline. Outcomes: Composite cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease) and all-cause mortality. Analytical Approach: Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Results: During the 14.6 (4.4) years (standard deviation) of follow-up, 1,384 participants died (36/1,000 person-years), and 1,227 (40/1,000 person-years) had a composite cardiovascular event. There was a nonlinear association between serum magnesium level and all-cause mortality. Low and high magnesium levels were associated with greater rates of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, medications including diuretics, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria (P 2.1 mg/dL was associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality. Low magnesium level was associated with incident atrial fibrillation but not with composite cardiovascular disease events. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal range of serum magnesium in CKD to prevent adverse clinical outcomes.

Published
2021
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2. Association of Intradialytic Hypertension with Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients Enrolled in the Blood Pressure in Dialysis (BID) Study

Author

Amith Roy Shamir, Ameet Karembelkar, Jonathan Yabes, Yi Yao, Dana Miskulin, Jennifer Gassman, David Ploth, Lavinia Negrea, Susan Paine, Mahboob Rahman, Raymond Y. Kwong, Philip Zager, and Manisha Jhamb

Subjects
Intradialytic hypertension, Hemodialysis, Left ventricular mass, Dermatology, RL1-803, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Background/Aims: Intradialytic hypertension (IDH), or paradoxical rise in blood pressure (BP) during hemodialysis (HD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The association between IDH and increased left ventricular mass (LVM), a well-known risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in HD patients, has not been studied. The aim of our study is to evaluate the cross-sectional association of intradialytic change in BP with cardiac structure and function measured by cardiac MRI in hypertensive HD patients enrolled in the multi-center Blood Pressure in Dialysis (BID) clinical trial. Methods: Participants in the BID study were categorized into 3 groups based on average change (Δ) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (post-HD SBP minus pre-HD SBP) during HD over a 1 month period: group 1 - patients with an increase in SBP ≥ 10mm Hg during HD (IDH); group 2 -patients with SBP decrease of greater ≥10mm Hg during HD; group 3 - patients with SBP increase or decrease by < 10mm Hg during HD. LVM index (LVMI) was measured using cardiac MRI, which were centrally read. Baseline characteristics were compared in the 3 groups and multivariable regression models were fitted for the adjusted association of IDH with LVMI. Results: Among the 80 participants, 7 (8.8%) had IDH and had average Δ SBP 17.0 ± 10.1 mmHg during HD. Patients with IDH were less likely to be diabetic, had lower pre-dialysis SBP and lower percent interdialytic weight gain as compared to the other 2 groups (p=0.02, p< 0.001 and p=0.02 respectively). In multivariable regression analyses, IDH was significantly associated with LVMI (adjusted mean difference relative to SBP decreased group [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 12.5 [3.6, 21.5], p=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, IDWG%, pre-HD SBP and beta blocker use. Every 1 mm rise in ΔSBP during HD was associated with 0.2 g/m2 increase in LVMI in adjusted models (p=0.04). Conclusion: IDH is independently associated with higher LVMI in hypertensive HD patients and may contribute to increased cardiovascular events.

Published
2018
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3. Sparsentan in patients with IgA nephropathy: a prespecified interim analysis from a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial

Author

Hiddo J L Heerspink, Jai Radhakrishnan, Charles E Alpers, Jonathan Barratt, Stewart Bieler, Ulysses Diva, Jula Inrig, Radko Komers, Alex Mercer, Irene L Noronha, Michelle N Rheault, William Rote, Brad Rovin, Howard Trachtman, Hernán Trimarchi, Muh Geot Wong, Vlado Perkovic, Eric Alarmartine, Dong Wan Chae, Lucia Del Vecchio, Jurgen Floege, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Bojan Jelakovic, Bart Maes, Robert Malecki, Marius Miglinas, Fernando Eduardo Barbosa Nolasco, Manual Praga, Kannaiyan Rabindranath, Mai Rosenberg, Sydney Chi Wai Tang, Vladmir Tesar, Bhadran Bose, Muralikrishna Gangadharan, Stephen McDonald, Chen Peh, Sadia Jahan, Chii Yeap, Philip Clayton, Georgina Irish, Nikhil Thyagarajan, Peter Hollett, Rathika Krishnasamy, Robert Carroll, Shilpanjali Jesudason, Susan Crail, Toby Coates, Jane Waugh, Euan Noble, Kumaradevan Mahadevan, Victoria Campbell, Tania Salehi, Wai Lim, Neil Boudville, Aron Chakera, Doris Chan, Anoushka Krishnan, Yusuf Eqbal, Alastair Gillies, Eswari Vilayur, Thida Maung Maung Myint, Nicholas Gray, Melissa Cheetham, Carol Pollock, Bruce Cooper, Amanda Mather, Sarah Roxburgh, Yvonne Shen, Stefanie Stangenberg, Amanda Siriwardana, Emma O'Lone, Susan Wan, Brendon Neuen, Jeffrey Tsun Kit Ha, Dana Kim, Lauren Heath, Arunima Jain, Elaine Phua, Yan Li, Martin Gallagher, Meg Jardine, Angus Ritchie, Mona Razavian, Celine Foote, Roger Wyndham, Shaundeep Sen, Zoltan Endre, Jonathan Erlich, Mangalee Fernando, Kenneth Yong, Grant Luxton, Sradha Kotwal, Simon Roger, Vidu Wijeratne, David Packham, Ian Fraser, Bert Vandewiele, Margo Laute, Wim Lemahieu, Sofie Jamar, Sara Ombelet, Gert Meeus, Marc Decupere, Olivier Schockaert, Peter Doubel, Liesbeth Viaene, Luc Radermacher, Catherine Masset, Martial Moonen, Eric Firre, Martina Milicevic, Xavier Warling, An Vanacker, Thomas Malfait, Ivan Durlen, Ivica Horvatic, Ana Savuk, Lana Gellineo, Sandra Karanovic, Zivka Dika, Djuro Plavljanic, Ivana Mikacic, Dubravka Trajbar Kentric, Dunja Barisic, Marija Stankovic, Karolina Majstorovic Barac, Ivan Kruljac, Drasko Pavlovic, Martin Drinkovic, Ingrid Prkacin, Jerko Barbic, Zvonimir Sitas, Dunja Vujcic, Ivan Rychlik, Anna Benesova, Klara Drinovska, Karolina Kratka, Dita Maixnerova, Madis Ilmoja, Kristin Unt, Kadri Lilienthal, Asta Auerbach, Liisi Leis, Julia Piel, Annika Adoberg, Kulli Kolvald, Kristi Veermae, Kadri Telling, Elviira Seppet, Jana Uhlinova, Philippe Zaoui, Pierre-Louis Carron, Ingrid Masson, Miriana Dinic, Damien Thibaudin, Christian Broyet, Nicolas Maillard, Hesham Mohey, Christophe Mariat, Guillaume Claisse, Eric Alamartine, Bertrand Dussol, Stephane Burtey, Noemie Chiche-Jourde, Jean-Emmanuel Serre, Guillaume Jeantet, Leila Chenine, Anne Blanchard, Stephane Roueff, Eric Thervet, David Fouassier, Alexandre Buffet, Marine Livrozet, Roxane Gaisset, Alexandre Karras, Anne-Elisabeth Heng, Cyril Garrouste, Carole Philipponnet, Clementine Nicolo, Alba Atenza, Camille Lanaret, Clarisse Greze, Valentin Mayet, Clement Dumond, Yahsou Delmas, Christian Combe, Claire Rigothier, Laure Burguet, Aurore Labat, Simon Mucha, Valérie de Précigout, Thomas Weinreich, Helmut Reichel, Diliana Draganova, Lothar Wolf, Bernd Hohenstein, Sven Heinrichs, Simone Kulka, Sebahat Sat, Lea Weiland, Thilo Krueger, Gunter Wolf, Christiane Kettner, Mandy Schlosser, Johann Konstantin Herfurth, Annegret Koch, Martin Busch, Stephan Christian Werth, Martin Nitschke, Figen Cakiroglu, Franziska Sarnow, Lisa Schulz, Stefan Weiner, Nikolaus Wirtz, Eric Koester, Marcus Moeller, Eleni Stamellou, Silja Sanden, Hans Schmidt-Guertler, Wanja Bernhardt, Margret Patecki, Georg Schlieper, Kevin Schulte, Annette Girardet, Ulrich Kunzendorf, Lorraine Pui Yuen Kwan, Maggie Ming Yee Mok, Gary Chi Wang Chan, Mingyao Ma, Davina Ngoi Wah Lie, Anthony Ting Pong Chan, Cheuk Chun Szeto, Kit Chung Jack Ng, Siu Fai Cheung, Tak Tai Andrew Yue, Ka Shun Samuel Fung, Hon Tang, Ka Fai Yim, Wai Ping Law, Yick Hei Wong, Chi Kwan Darwin Lam, Sze Ho Sunny Wong, Carmelita Marcantoni, Roberta Aliotta, Francesca Deodato, Gemma Patella, Nicolino Comi, Caterina Vita, Nazareno Carullo, Davide Bolignano, Michela Musolino, Matias Trillini, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Erica Daina, Luigi Biancone, Loredana Colla, Manuel Burdese, Chiara Cogno, Elena Boaglio, Isabella Abbasciano, Carlotta Federica Zizzi, Paolo Randone, Pietro Napodano, Anna Ricchiuto, Matthias Cassia, Simone Accarino, Mario Cozzolino, Rocco Baccaro, Stefano Costanzi, Federica Di Maio, Maria Arena, Federica Urciuolo, Sara Vigano, Andrea Cavalli, Monica Limardo, Monica Bordoli, Serena Ponti, Selena Longhi, Andrea Solazzo, Francesco Giaroni, Gabriele Donati, Massimo Torreggiani, Davide Catucci, Marco Colucci, Vittoria Esposito, Ciro Esposito, Loreto Gesualdo, Flavia Capaccio, Emma Diletta Stea, Carmen Sivo, Francesca Annese, Federica Papadia, Piergiorgio Messa, Mirco Belingheri, Patrizia Passerini, Silvia Malvica, Alvita Vickiene, Urte Zakauskiene, Egle Asakiene, Inga Arune Bumblyte', Asta Stankuviene, Lina Santockiene, Ashik Hayat, Allister Williams, Peter Sizeland, Eddie Tan, Gerald Waters, Lai Wan Chan, Andrew Henderson, Angus Turnbull, Andrew McNally, Annie Reynolds, Helen Pilmore, Ian Dittmer, Paul Manley, Elizabeth Stallworthy, Tze Goh, David Semple, Michael Collins, Elizabeth Curry, Jafar Ahmed, Thu Nguyen, Agata Winiarska, Justyna Zbrzezniak, Tomasz Stompor, Magdalena Krajewska, Hanna Augustyniak-Bartosik, Dorota Zielinska, Anna Jander, Malgorzata Stanczyk, Marcin Tkaczyk, Przemyslaw Miarka, Dariusz Aksamit, Piotr Jaskowski, Wladyslaw Sulowicz, Dominik Cieniawski, Julita Gontarek-Kacprzak, Elzbieta Felicjanczuk, Norbert Kwella, Bogna Kwella, Ewa Satora, João Carlos Fernandes, Ana Marta Gomes, Marina Reis, Daniela Lopes, Catarina Almeida, Helena Sá, Ana Carolina Figueiredo, Clara Pardinhas, Edgar Almeida, Mario Raimundo, Ana Cortesão Costa, Luis Pedro Falcao Goncalves, Sara Fernandes, Sónia Silva, Catarina Teixeira, Adriana Fernandes, Fernando Nolasco, Patricia Alves, Mario Gois, Nuno Fonseca, Ana Messias, Maria Menezes, Filipa Cardoso, Helena Sousa, Joana Marques, Rui Barata, Jose Antonio Lopes, Sofia Jorge, Joana Gameiro, Jose Nuno de Almeida Agapito Fonseca, Sara Goncalves, Ana Farinha, Patricia Valerio Santos, Ana Natario, Jose Carlos de Jesus Barreto, Catarina Abrantes, Elsa Sofia Quadrado Soares, Joana de Sousa Soares Felgueiras, Liliana Cunha, Lucia Parreira, Teresa Furtado, Alvaro Vaz, Kook-Hwan Oh, Hajeong Lee, Se Joong Kim, Jong Cheol Jeong, Yeong Hoon Kim, Yunmi Kim, Hyeong Cheon Park, Hoon Young Choi, Hyung Wook Kim, Moon Hyoung Lee, Songuk Yoon, Kyu-Beck Lee, YoungYoul Hyun, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Seung Hyeok Han, Jung Tak Park, Sunggyun Kim, Young Rim Song, Jwa-Kyung Kim, Hyung-seok Lee, Narae Joo, JungEun Lee, Hye Ryoun Jang, Junseok Jeon, Wookyung Chung, HyunHee Lee, Jae Hyun Chang, Ka Yeong Chun, Ji Yong Jung, Han Ro, Aejin Kim, Sang-Kyung Jo, Jihyun Yang, Myung-Gyu Kim, SeWon Oh, Caridad Martinez Villanueva, Ana Vilar Gimeno, Gustavo Andres Useche Bonilla, Esther Tamarit, Antonio Galan Serrano, Eduardo Verde Moreno, Jose Luño Fernandez, Maria Angeles Goicoechea Diezhandino, Ursula Verdalles Guzman, Ana Perez de Jose, Alberto Ortiz Arduan, María Vanessa Pérez Gómez, Catalina Martín Cleary, Raul Fernandez Prado, Elena Goma, Jose Ballarin, Montserrat Diaz Encarnacion, Iara Da Silva Santos, Helena Marco Rusinol, Monica Furlano, Carlos Arias, Clara Barrios, Eva Rodriguez Garcia, Adriana Sierra Ochoa, Belen Vizcaino Castillo, Jonay Pantoja Perez, Mercedes Gonzalez Moya, Mari Sargsyan, Emma Calatayud Aristoy, Ana Avila Bernabeu, Leticia Perez Lluna, Tamara Malek Marin, Maria Antonia Munar Vila, Ivon Maritza Bobadilla Rico, Natalia Allende Burgos, Eduardo Gutierrez Martinez, Elena Gutierrez Solis, Angel Sevillano, Evangelina Merida Herrero, Josep Miquel Blasco Pelicano, Lida Maria Rodas Marin, Luis F Quintana, Maria Antonieta Azancot Rivero, Natalia Ramos Terrades, Clara Garcia Carro, Irene Agraz Pamplona, Mercedes Salgueira Lazo, Francisco de la Prada Alvarez, Fabiola Alonso Garcia, Wenceslao Adrian Aguilera Morales, Salia Virxinia Pol Heres, Angel Forcen, Eduardo Parra Moncasi, Cristina Medrano Villarroya, Alejandro Soria Villen, Olga Gracia Garcia, Mercedes Velo Plaza, Maria Dolores Sánchez de la Nieta, Marta Calvo Arevalo, Antolina Moreno, Secundino Cigarran Guldris, Manuel Pereira de Vicente, Bang-Gee Hsu, Chih-Hsien Wang, Cheng-Hsu Chen, Tung-Min Yu, Ming-Ju Wu, Shang-Feng Tsai, Chia-Tien Hsu, Hsien-Fu Chiu, Kang-Ju Chou, Hua-Chang Fang, Po-Tsang Lee, Hsin-Yu Chen, Chien-Liang Chen, Chien-Wei Huang, Shih-Hsiang Ou, Tzung-Yo Ho, Chih-Yang Hsu, Ming-Shan Chang, Yen-Ling Chiu, Yu-Sen Peng, Kai-Hsiang Shu, Szu-Yu Pan, Shih-Ping Hsu, Ju-Yeh Yang, Mei-Fen Pai, Po-Yu Tseng, Hon-Yen Wu, Wan-Chuan Tsai, Kuei-Ting Tung, Hung-Yuan Chen, Hung-Chun Chen, Mei-Chuan Kuo, Daw-Yang Hwang, Yi-Wen Chiu, Chi-Chih Hung, Hung-Tien Kuo, Jer-Chia Tsai, Kieran McCafferty, Suzanne Forbes, Indranil Dasgupta, Mark Thomas, Amar Mahdi, Bamidele Ajayi, Paramit Chowdhury, Theodoros Kasimatis, Dimitrios Moutzouris, Caroline Dudreuilh, Rishi Pruthi, Nick Mansfield, Gabriel Doctor, Sapna Shah, Sui Kon, Priscilla Smith, Patrick Hamilton, Durga Kanigicherla, Omar Sherin Ibrahim Ragy, Bassam Alchi, Oliver Flossmann, Farid Ghalli, Sarah Lawman, Smeeta Sinha, Constantina Chrysochou, Chukwuma Chukwu, Aine Maire De Bhailis, Saif Al Chalabi, Amy Hudson, Arun Gopu, Olivia Wickens, Joshua Storrar, Mona Wahba, Nathan Lorde, Mohammad Rony, Sian Griffin, Farah Latif, Mohammad Ali, Louise DaSilva, Jonathan Ayling-Smith, Eamon Mahdi, Lisa Willcocks, Rachel Jones, Chee Kay Cheung, Haresh Selvaskandan, Dan Pugh, Matthew Sayer, Neeraj Dhaun, Fiona Chapman, Patrick Mark, Colin Geddes, Emily McQuarrie, Rajan Patel, Laurence Solomon, Arvind Ponnusamy, Adam Morris, Pedro Okoh, Lauren Floyd, Ajay Dhaygude, Janson Leung, Christopher Goldsmith, Bhavna Pandya, Didem Tez, Ashraf Mikhail, Karen Brown, Thomas Bucknall, Mark Lambie, Roderick Comunale, Donald Brandon, Stacy Martinez, Amanda Hall, Amy Henderson, Aaron Fearday, Nicole Douthit, Brian Snow, Arnold Silva, Cathylee Sly, Christopher Keller, Robert Davidson, Jerry Meng, Robert Haws, Siddhartha Kattamanchi, Javad Mojarrab, Unnikrishnan Pillai, Richard Lafayette, Michelle O'Shaughnessy, Fahameedah Kamal, Kshama Mehta, Bruce Baker, Mario Ruiz, Praveena Jyothinagaram, Usha Peri, William Paxton, James Tumlin, Kerri McGreal, Ellen McCarthy, Cassandra Kimber, Archana Gautam, Kassem Khalil, Viet Nguyen, Raffi Minasian, Dariush Arfaania, Sam Daneshvari, Michel Zakari, Artashes Patrikyan, Rouzbeh Afsari, Christine Ayvazyan, Faisal Fakih, Mark Lagatta, Alfred Rodriguez, Jorge Enrique Monroy Avella, Ramachandra Patak, Jigar Kadakia, Gerald Appel, Wooin Ahn, Bradley Nelson, Allyson Medina, Syeda Ahmad, Yonatan Peleg, Nisha Clement, Ian Chiu, Elizabeth Hendren, Andrew Bomback, Pietro Canetta, Bruce Spinowitz, Chaim Charytan, Nishita Parikh, Sheng Kuo, Ritesh Raichoudhury, Mirela Dobre, Lavinia Negrea, Aparna Padiyar, Arksarapuk Jittirat, Nishigandha Pradhan, Ranjit Dhelaria, Saravanan Balamuthusamy, Machaiah Madhrira, Thomas Powell, Howard Lifland, Asha Bailey, Sarah Ashley Ford Sightler, Meera Patel Suthar, Heather Green, Samir Parikh, Isabelle Ayoub, Salem Almaani, Gabriel Contreras, Alessia Fornoni, Yelena Drexler, Abdallah Geara, Brittany Sheridan, Gaia Coppock, Jonathan Hogan, Carlos Gonzalez, Shamik Bhadra, Pradip Chowdhury, Kay Kyaw, May Tan, Lathika Raakesh, Elder Mendoza, Veronica Viramontes, Asghar Chaudhry, Juan Carbonell, Rajdeep Gadh, Victor Fernandez, Mohamad Kassem, Radu Jacob, Karen Wilder, Britt Newsome, Kathryn Klamm, Irina Suyumova, Laura Ann Kooienga, Catherine Janko, Dana Rizk, Bruce Julian, Dawn Caster, Erika Perez, Gunjan Garg, Nayan Gowda, Suneel Udani, Sreedhar Mandayam, Biruh Workeneh, Ali Assefi, Barbara Greco, Michael Germain, Jusmin Patel, Sarah Quinn, James Sullivan, Jeffrey Glaze, Phillip Madonia, Kellyn McMahon, Harold Giles, Sharon Adler, and Tiane Dai

Subjects
General Medicine
Published
2023

4. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Herrington, William G, Staplin, Natalie, Wanner, Christoph, Green, Jennifer B, Hauske, Sibylle J, Emberson, Jonathan R, Preiss, David, Judge, Parminder, Mayne, Kaitlin J, Ng, Sarah Y A, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Hill, Michael, Stevens, Will, Wallendszus, Karl, Brenner, Susanne, Cheung, Alfred K, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Lai Seong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Maggioni, Aldo P, Pontremoli, Roberto, Deo, Rajat, Goto, Shinya, Rossello, Xavier, Tuttle, Katherine R, Steubl, Dominik, Petrini, Michaela, Massey, Dan, Eilbracht, Jens, Brueckmann, Martina, Landray, Martin J, Baigent, Colin, Haynes, Richard, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, Martin J Landray, Christoph Wanner, William G Herrington, Richard Haynes, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Martina Brueckmann, Mark Hopley, Maximillian von-Eynatten, Jyothis George, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, David Preiss, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Laiseong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Roberto Pontremoli, Aldo P Maggioni, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Stefan Hantel, Shinya Goto, Rajat Deo, Katherine R Tuttle, Michael Hill, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Xavier Rossello, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Peter Sandercock, Rudolf Bilous, Charles Herzog, Paul Whelton, Janet Wittes, Derrick Bennett, Patricia Achiri, Chrissie Ambrose, Cristina Badin, Jill Barton, Richard Brown, Andy Burke, Sebastian Butler, Rejive Dayanandan, Pia Donaldson, Robert Dykas, Lucy Fletcher, Kate Frederick, Hannah Kingston, Mo Gray, Emily Harding, Akiko Hashimoto, Lyn Howie, Susan Hurley, Ryonfa Lee, Nik Luker, Kevin Murphy, Mariko Nakahara, John Nolan, Michelle Nunn, Sorcha Mulligan, Akiko Omata, Sandra Pickworth, YanRu Qiao, Shraddha Shah, Karen Taylor, Alison Timadjer, Monique Willett, Liz Wincott, Qin Yan, Hui Yu, Louise Bowman, Fang Chen, Robert Clarke, Michelle Goonasekera, Waseem Karsan, Marion Mafham, Christina Reith, Mohammed Zayed, Ritva Ellison, Rowan Moys, Will Stevens, Kevin Verdel, Karl Wallendszus, Chris Bowler, Anna Brewer, Andy Measor, Guanguo Cui, Charles Daniels, Angela Field, Bob Goodenough, Ashley Lawson, Youcef Mostefai, Dheeptha Radhakrishnan, Samee Syed, Shuang Xia, Ruth Adewuyi-Dalton, Thomas Arnold, Anne-Marie Beneat, Anoushka Bhatt, Chloe Bird, Andrew Breach, Laura Brown, Mark Caple, Tatyana Chavagnon, Karen Chung, Sarah Clark, Luminita Condurache, Katarzyna Eichstadt, Marta Espino Obrero, Scarlett Forest, Helen French, Nick Goodwin, Andrew Gordon, Joanne Gordon, Cat Guest, Tina Harding, Michal Hozak, Matthew Lacey, David MacLean, Louise Messinger, Stewart Moffat, Martin Radley, Claire Shenton, Sarah Tipper, Jon Tyler, Lesley Weaving, James Wheeler, Elissa Williams, Tim Williams, Hamish Woodhouse, Angela Chamberlain, Jo Chambers, Joanne Davies, Denise Donaldson, Pati Faria-Shayler, Denise Fleming-Brown, Jennifer Ingell, Carol Knott, Anna Liew, Helen Lochhead, Juliette Meek, Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller, Andrea Wilson, Patrick Zettergren, Rach AitSadi, Ian Barton, Alex Baxter, Yonghong Bu, Lukasz Danel, Sonja Grotjahn, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Archie Maskill, Aleksandra Murawska, Rachel Raff, Allen Young, Rebecca Sardell, Vladimir Cejka, Marcela Fajardo-Moser, Christian Hartner, Doris Poehler, Janina Renner, Franziska Scheidemantel, Miya Bryant, Anita Hepditch, Cassandra Johnson, Erin Latore, Yolanda Miller, Lauren Price, Merilee Whalen, Ashleigh Wheeler, Jenny Ingell, Yu An, Yinghua Chen, Peiling Chen, Hao Dai, Hong Du, Fang Feng, Qing Guo, Libo Hou, Wuhanbilige Hundei, Binbin Jin, Yan Li, Jiamin Liu, Xia Song, Yanping Wang, Yanwu Yu, Ning Zhang, Lingshan Zhao, Hui Zhong, Cheng Beng Goh, Ye Mun Low, Soon Yi Sor, Farah Hanis Zulkipli, Sarojini Sivanandam, Natsuki Arai, Ai Fukasawa, Mizue Furukawa, Keisuke Habuki, Shoko Hayashi, Wakako Isari, Saki Kanegae, Maria Kawai, Reiki Kobayashi, Takako Kuramae, Chika Kuribayashi, Sawako Maeno, Satoshi Masumoto, Tomoko Morisaki, Minoru Oda, Kazue Sawada, Kenta Sugamori, Ayana Tatsuzawa, Aiko Tomita, Kazuyuki Yuasa, Hiroko Inazawa, Amanda Axler, Kerri Gallo, Ester Baldini, Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti, Francesca Bianchini, Martina Ceseri, Laura Cipressa, Gianna Fabbri, Andrea Lorimer, Donata Lucci, Sharang Ghavampour, Anja Knoppe, Hans Schmidt-Gurtler, Hubert Dumann, Sybille Merscher, Margret Patecki, Georg Rainer Schlieper, Anke Torp, Bianca Weber, Maja Zietz, Bernd Hohenstein, Urs Benck, Diliana Draganova, Thomas Weinreich, Lothar Wolf, Jasmine Gaidu, Hanna Reiner, Mandy Visnjic, Daniel Steffl, Marie Breitenfeldt, Annette Kraemer-Guth, Christine Braun, Simone Hagge, Michael Schomig, Stephan Matthias, Dominik Stoffler, Beate Schumacher, Thomas Sitter, Louise Fuessl, Julia Krappe, Jerome Loutan, Volker Vielhauer, Luciano Andriaccio, Magdalena Maurer, Bernhard Winkelmann, Martin Dursch, Linda Seifert, Linda Tenbusch, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Simone Boedecker, Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling, Daniel Kraus, Carina Krieger, Margit Schmude, Anne Schreiber, Ewelina Eckrich, Diethelm Tschope, Abdulwahab Arbi, Young Lee-Barkey, Bernd Stratmann, Natalie Prib, Sina Rolfsmeier, Irina Schneider, Lars Rump, Johannes Stegbauer, Christine Pötz, Mara Schemmelmann, Claudia Schmidt, Michael Koch, Sendogan Aker, Annika Küpper, Manuela Martin, Thiemo Pfab, Christian Albert, Michael Haase, Barbara Zander, Claudia Schneider-Danwitz, Wolfgang Seeger, Wolf-Adam Seeger, Britta Zemann, Christoph Stellbrink, Kristin Marx, Ekaterina Stellbrink, Britta Brettschneider, Stephanie Watson, Marion Iselt, Gerhard Klausmann, Inga-Nadine Kummer, Auguste Kutschat, Simone Streitenberger, Matthias Girndt, Silke Markau, Ina Girakossyan, Claudia Hanf, Joachim Beige, Ralph Wendt, Ulrike Schmidt, Andreas Schneider, Roland Veelken, Claudia Donhauser, Luis Becker, Nexhat Miftari, Ricarda Wolfling, Sarah Morlok, Christian Hugo, Alexander Paliege, Jens Passauer, Julian Stumpf, Annegret Fleischer, Kerstin Haaser, Bernhard Kraemer, Jan Jochims, Bernd Kruger, Claudia Foellinger, Anastassiya Reisler, Frank Strutz, Stefan Haack, Ursula Hohenstatt, Martin Busch, Konstantin Herfurth, Gunter Wolf, Rainer Paul, Hermann Haller, Jessica Kaufeld, Jan Menne, Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll, Angela Bergner, Horst Weihprecht, Aydin Er, Florian Sonntag, Elif Turan, Michael Wittmann, Franziska Klauser, Eva Voigt, Volker Schettler, Egbert Schulz, Madlen Rohnstock, Elke Schettler, Bernd Schroppel, Rene van Erp, Martin Kachele, Ulla Ludwig, Lena Schulte-Kemna, Waltraud Kmietschak, Elke Preiss, Martina Ruocco, Gunnar Heine, Martin Brzoska, Sebastian Gabel, Christina Büttner, Asma Sabarai, Bernhard Banas, Tobias Bergler, Yvonne Ehrl, Franz Putz, Antonia Schuster, Stefanie Kuhn, Torsten Schramm, Stefan Degenhardt, Gerhard Schmidt, Lea Weiland, Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell, Jan Kielstein, Gabriele Eden, Brigitte Fuchs, Gina Morig, Manuela Winkler, Harald Darius, Charalampos Kriatselis, Carl-Philipp Roesch, Astrid Maselli, Dominik Alscher, Markus Ketteler, Moritz Schanz, Severin Schricker, Bianka Rettenmaier, Andrea Schwab, Pablo Pergola, Irene Leal, Melissa Cagle, Anna Romo, Anthony Torres, Sucharit Joshi, Kulli Barrett, Alexis Africano, Vicki Dodds, Dorleena Gowen, Ashlee Morris, Juan Fernandez, Guillermo Jimenez, Ricardo Viera, Kendaling Bruce, Ryan Barrios, Maylin Garcia, Kerelyn Garcia, Iradis Leal, David Tietjen, David Bains, Carlo Castillo, Genielle Brewer, Justin Davis, Natalie Freking, Brittany Golson, Sally Ham, Jesslyn Roesch, Pusadee Suchinda, Shameem Beigh, Usah Lilavivat, Joyce Bilton, Kim Bocchicchia, Jeffrey Turner, Neera Dahl, Aldo Peixoto, Yasemin Kavak, Lauren Liberti, Hari Nair, Nicolas Page, Stephanie Rosenberg, Kathryn Simmons, Tamara Isakova, Rebecca Frazier, Rupal Mehta, Anand Srivastava, Patrick Fox, Jonathan Hecktman, Alexander Hodakowski, Carlos Martinez, Rachel Phillips, Alexis Stevenson, Reem Mustafa, Kyle Jansson, Cassandra Kimber, Jason Stubbs, Ahmad Tuffaha, Sri Yarlagadda, Debbie Griffin, 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Andrea, Pergola, Pablo, Leal, Irene, Cagle, Melissa, Romo, Anna, Torres, Anthony, Joshi, Sucharit, Barrett, Kulli, Africano, Alexi, Dodds, Vicki, Gowen, Dorleena, Morris, Ashlee, Fernandez, Juan, Jimenez, Guillermo, Viera, Ricardo, Bruce, Kendaling, Barrios, Ryan, Garcia, Maylin, Garcia, Kerelyn, Leal, Iradi, Tietjen, David, Bains, David, Castillo, Carlo, Brewer, Genielle, Davis, Justin, Freking, Natalie, Golson, Brittany, Ham, Sally, Roesch, Jesslyn, Suchinda, Pusadee, Beigh, Shameem, Lilavivat, Usah, Bilton, Joyce, Bocchicchia, Kim, Turner, Jeffrey, Dahl, Neera, Peixoto, Aldo, Kavak, Yasemin, Liberti, Lauren, Nair, Hari, Page, Nicola, Rosenberg, Stephanie, Simmons, Kathryn, Isakova, Tamara, Frazier, Rebecca, Mehta, Rupal, Srivastava, Anand, Fox, Patrick, Hecktman, Jonathan, Hodakowski, Alexander, Martinez, Carlo, Phillips, Rachel, Stevenson, Alexi, Mustafa, Reem, Jansson, Kyle, Kimber, Cassandra, Stubbs, Jason, Tuffaha, Ahmad, Yarlagadda, Sri, Griffin, Debbie, Laundy, Elisabeth, Tang, Zhuo, Alicic, Radica, Cooper, Ann, Davis, Lisa, Gore, Ashwini, Goldfaden, Rebecca, Harvill, Leslie, Hichkad, Lisa, Johns, Barry, Jones, Thoma, Merritt, Kayla, Sheldon, Jennifer, Stanfield, Jennifer, Alexander, Lindsay, Preston, Kaitlyn, Wood, Lindsey, Pradhan, Rajesh, Deraad, Roger, Mcintosh, Kelli, Raymond, Loui, Shepperd, Michael, Mclaughlin, Susan, Seifert, Mary, Shepherd, Andrew, Aiello, Joseph, Durham, William, Loudermilk, Laurie, Manley, John, Burnette, Sabrina, Evans, Stephanie, Johnson, Tara, Sloan, Lance, Ann Acosta, Judy, Gillham, Stacy, Sloan, Katia, Squyres, Sueann, Rocco, Michael, Hawfield, Amret, Bagwell, Ben, Richmond, Lauren, Soufer, Joseph, Clarke, Subha, Aliu, Amanda, Calabrese, Kristine, Davis, Amanda, Poma, Veronica, Spinola, Tracy, Magee, Jame, Silva, Ricardo, Choksi, Rushab, Dajani, Lorraine, Evans, John, George, Anil, Krish, Prasanth, Martins, Gerard, Sheikh-Ali, Mae, Sutton, David, Driver, Freda, Hanburry, Abraham, Hume, Laura, Hurst, Amber, Taddeo, 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Francisco, Hernandez Pena, Abegail, Pugay, Conception, Te, Amelia, Finn, Hugh, Hanif, Wasim, Mostafa, Samiul, Aitken, Alice, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Grobovaite, Evelina, Kearney, Jennifer, Mccarthy, Theresa, Gentile, Giorgio, Browne, Duncan, Chellamuthu, Palanichamy, Dugal, Tabinda, Chant, Terri, Jones, Laura, Laity, Emily, Miners, Megan, Muir, Jame, Swanson, Elizabeth, Frankel, Andrew, Tomlinson, Jame, Alegata, Marlon, Almasarwah, Rashid, Apostolidi, Anthoula, Vourvou, Maria, Walters, Thoma, Taal, Maarten, Dukka, Hari, Kolhe, Nitin, Mcdonald, Carly, White, Kelly, Ugni, Shiva, Gunda, Smita, Oluyombo, Rotimi, Brindle, Vicki, Coutts, Ping, Fuller, Tracy, Nadar, Evelyn, Ramadoss, Suresh, Motherwell, Nichola, Pajak, Susannah, Tonks, Louise, Bhandari, Sunil, Bodington, Richard, Hazara, Adil, Fellowes, Dominic, Wong, Christopher, Goldsmith, Christopher, Barnes, Sherald, Bennett, Ann, Burston, Claire, Hope, Samantha, Hunt, Nicola, Kurian, Lini, Fish, Richard, Farrugia, Daniela, Lee, Judy, 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Subash, Sood, Bhrigu, Swift, Pauline, Acheampong, Sarah, Ansu, Kwame, Augustin, Martia, Sampson, Anna, Vinall, Lynn, Wren, Kim, Wanninayake, Shamila, Wooding, Nichola, Edwards, Heather, Owen, Lydia, Bolton, Stephanie, Carson, Marion, Matthews, Michael, Brunskill, Nigel, Jesus-Silva, Jorge, Howson, Alex, Quashie-Akponeware, Mary, Tindall, Hilary, Nethaji, Chidambaram, Eldon, Helen, Patel, Rajan, Mark, Patrick, Rankin, Alastair, Sullivan, Michael, Forsyth, Kirsty, Mcdougall, Rowan, Dasgupta, Tanaji, Davies, Louisa, Ryder, Maggie, Grimmer, Philip, Macdonald, Clare, Webster, Mary, Newcastle, Newcastle, Ellam, Timothy, Wong, Edwin, Meshykhi, Christine, Webster, Andrea, Wilson, Peter, Vilar, Enric, Berdeprado, Jocelyn, Doctolero, Eunice, Wilkinson, Lily, Mccarroll, Frank, Ammar, Hesham, Kuan, Ying, Moran, Conor, Shivashankar, Girish, Campbell, Ryan, Glowski, Deborah, Mcdermott, Paula, Ali, Amar, Patel, Zuber, Bond, Christine, Whalley, Gillian, Zhang, Haitao, Yang, Liu, Zhang, Lihua, Kan, Tingting, Zhu, Ling, Zhao, Jinghong, Hou, Weiping, Wu, Jing, Cheng, Hong, Bian, Weijing, Zhao, Zhirui, Shao, Fengmin, Cao, Huixia, Jiao, Xiaojing, Niu, Peiyuan, Niu, Jianying, Chen, Yu, Zhang, Lihong, Zhu, Shenglang, Lin, Haiyan, Yao, Shaopeng, Chen, Jiehui, Jiang, Ying, Hu, Ying, Xiao, Huaying, Yang, Fuye, Zhang, Xinzhou, Guo, Baochun, Jin, Qiu, Liu, Lixia, Xiao, Xiangcheng, Xie, Yanyun, Meng, Ting, Xu, Chuanwen, Huang, Jie, Xu, Yanmei, Kong, Weixin, Wang, Xiaoliang, Liu, Qianpan, Wang, Xueying, Gao, Ming, Hu, Xiumei, Lu, Ying, Wang, Li, Peng, Kun, Wang, Wei, Gong, Qiuhong, Cai, Jianfang, Li, Xiaojue, Liu, Xuejiao, Zhou, Shuhan, Liu, Hong, Weng, Yao, Tang, Shuai, Yao, Yao, Zhao, Shi, Cheng, Chen, Wei, Wei, Li, Na, Aqashiah Mazlan, Sadanah, Zubaidah Bahtar, Alia, Katiman, Elliyyin, Othman, Noraini, Mushahar, Lily, Mazlan, Nurdiana, Sharafina Safiee, Nur, Ramasamy, Sarasa, Seng Wong, Hin, Ahmad Rosdi, Hajar, Zhao Zhi Tan, Esther, Fan Tay, Ju, Seng Teng, Kok, Yahaya, Hasnah, Jiun Liu, Wen, Wee Ee, Lik, Kay Leong Khoo, Kenneth, Mohd Yusoff, Yuana, Safhan Mohamad Nor, Fariz, Kamil Ahmad, Mohd, Ramli Seman, Mohd, Hui Hong Tan, Clare, Lui Sian Ngu, Laura, Yoke May Chan, Jaime, Peji, Javelin, Loong Loh, Chek, Yan Lee, Yee, Ramanaidu, Sridhar, Mean Thong, Kah, Hong Wong, Yik, Junus, Suria, Hua Ching, Chen, Faisal Asmee, Mohammad, Ruziana Ku Md Razi, Ku, Leong Low, Chun, Sze Bing Sim, Christopher, Duan Tham, Zhang, Kamila Abdullah, Noor, Meng Chen, Tai, Chieh Chan, Yong, Chang, Eason, Yean Kang, Huan, Quan Lee, Kai, Ann Lee, Sue, Kheng Lee, Aik, Vinathan, Jeevika, Abdul Cader, Rizna, Mustafar, Ruslinda, Kamaruzaman, Lydia, Mohd, Rozita, Ismail, Rahimah, Men Leong, Chong, Koon Low, Chee, Wei Wong, Liang, Adnan, Norlezah, Ibrahim, Sabariah, Zaimi Abdul Wahab, Mohamad, Bavanandan, Sunita, Shen Lim, Yik, Hazlina Wan Mohamad, Wan, Munirah Jaafar, Siti, Ashykeen Mohd Fauzi, Nur, Sudin, Aziee, Kun Lim, Soo, Chung Gan, Chye, Hing, Albert, Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali, Wan, Fong Liew, Yew, Bao Tyng Chan, Chelsia, Chih Cheng, Mei, Chen Ong, Yu, Meng Ong, Loke, Amalina Mohamed Affandi, Farah, Rahmat, Korina, Chai Peng, Ban, Amat, Masayu, Hadafi Ahmad, Nuzaimin, Yee Mah, Doo, Loon Tye, Yi, Azhari, Zaid, Nabilah Mohamad Zaini, Siti, Aidil Musa, Mohd, Ahmad Miswan, Norazinizah, Ramli, Rafizanur, Aziah Ahmad, Nor, Leong Goh, Bak, Izah Ahmad, Nurul, Huda Ibrahim, Fairol, Jian Ng, Tze, Shanmuganathan, Malini, Lian Tay, Li, Harun, Zaiha, Ramli, Salmi, 'Ain Yusof, Nurul, Abd Rahman, Rossenizal, Iqbal Abdul Hafidz, Muhammad, Hidayati Mohd Sharif, Nur, Yasmoon Awang, Irda, Nakashima, Eitaro, Imamine, Rui, Minatoguchi, Makiko, Miura, Yukari, Nakaoka, Miduki, Suzuki, Yoshiki, Yoshikawa, Hitomi, Shin, Koki, Fujita, Kanae, Iwasa, Misuzu, Sasajima, Haruka, Sato, Airi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Fujita, Yuki, Haraguchi, Takuya, Hyo, Takanori, Izumi, Kiyohiro, Komiya, Toshiyuki, Kubota, Sodai, Kurose, Takeshi, Kuwata, Hitoshi, Nakatani, Susumu, Oishi, Kaori, Okamoto, Saki, Okamura, Kaori, Takeoka, Jun, Tanaka, Nagaaki, Tanigaki, Katsuya, Toda, Naohiro, Watanabe, Koin, Komori, Hiromi, Kumuji, Rika, Takesada, Asako, Tanaka, Aya, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Tomonori, Ishiguro, Akiko, Ishimoto, Takuji, Ito, Kazuhiro, Kamimura, Yutaka, Kato, Noritoshi, Kato, Sawako, Kojima, Hiroshi, Kosugi, Tomoki, Maeda, Kayaho, Mizuno, Masasi, Saito, Shoji, Sato, Hitomi, Sato, Yuka, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Tanaka, Akihito, Yasuda, Yoshinari, Hasegawa, Fujiko, Hayashi, Maiko, Higashi, Shizuka, Shimamura, Kaho, Sumi, Momoko, Tajima, Kazuki, Unekawa, Chimaki, Wakayama, Kana, Wakita, Yukiko, Otani, Takatoshi, Imai, Ayako, Kawashima, Sayaka, Kogure, Eri, Sato, Tomoe, Takezawa, Misato, Yoshida, Shinya, Araki, Hideo, Katsuda, Yuko, Konishi, Masahiro, Matsunaga, Takahiro, Oe, Masashi, Ogane, Kunihiro, Sakai, Masato, Takahashi, Tomoko, Yamano, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Takuya, Ito, Hitomi, Katayama, Masayo, Kuroda, Emi, Ikeda, Toru, Kojo, Takuma, Yoshidome, Etsuo, Mizumachi, Rieko, Yamamoto, Akane, Yamasaki, Narihisa, Yamasaki, Yoshihiko, Wada, Jun, Eguchi, Jun, Higuchi, Chigusa, Katayama, Akihiro, Kinomura, Masaru, Kitagawa, Masashi, Kitamura, Shinji, Miyamoto, Satoshi, Morinaga, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Atsuko, Nojima, Ichiro, Shikata, Kenichi, Sugiyama, Hitoshi, Tanabe, Katsuyuki, Tsuji, Kenji, Uchida, Haruhito, Watanabe, Mayu, Hashimoto, Chie, Kato, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Sayaka, Wada, Takehiko, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Hamano, Naoto, Koizumi, Masahiro, Komaba, Hirotaka, Nakagawa, Yosuke, Iwamoto, Michiyo, Masutani, Kosuke, Katanosaka, Akane, Kiyota, Mayu, Uchi, Hikari, Ueda, Yuka, Yamamoto, Sonoka, Nagasu, Hajime, Itano, Seiji, Iwakura, Tsukasa, Kadoya, Hiroyuki, Kanda, Eiichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Kidokoro, Kengo, Kondo, Megumi, Sasaki, Tamaki, Satoh, Minoru, Tokuyama, Atsuyuki, Umeno, Reina, Wada, Yoshihisa, Yamamoto, Toshiya, Yamanouchi, Yu, Abe, Masumi, Inukai, Yoko, Ogawa, Wataru, Asahara, Shunichiro, Fujii, Hideki, Goto, Shunsuke, Hirota, Yushi, Hosooka, Tetsuya, Kono, Keiji, Nishi, Shinichi, Okada, Yuko, Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko, Sugawara, Kenji, Takahashi, Michiko, Takai, Tomoko, Tamori, Yoshikazu, Watanabe, Kentaro, Kitajima, Miyu, Nishi, Misaki, Wada, Junko, Ito, Yasuhiko, Kamiya, Hideki, Asai, Akimasa, Asai, Nao, Asano, Saeko, Banno, Shogo, Ejima, Yohei, Hase, Hanako, Hayami, Tomohide, Himeno, Tatsuhito, Ishikawa, Takahiro, Ito, Mayumi, Iwagaitsu, Shiho, Kasagi, Rina, Kato, Yoshiro, Kato, Makoto, Kato, Koichi, Katsuno, Takayuki, Kawai, Miyuka, Kinashi, Hiroshi, Kondo, Masaki, Koshino, Masako, Matsuoka, Naoya, Morishita, Yoshiaki, Motegi, Mikio, Nakamura, Jiro, Shimoda, Hiromi, Sugiyama, Hirokazu, Tsunekawa, Shin, Yamaguchi, Makoto, Takahashi, Kazuyo, Watada, Hirotaka, Funayama, Takashi, Furukawa, Yasuhiko, Gohda, Tomohito, Goto, Hiromasa, Kaga, Hideyoshi, Kanaguchi, Yasuhiko, Kanazawa, Akio, Kaneko, Kayo, Kano, Toshiki, Kihara, Masao, Kimura, Shogo, Kobayashi, Takashi, Maiguma, Masayuki, Makita, Yuko, Mano, Satoshi, Mita, Tomoya, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Murakoshi, Maki, Muto, Masahiro, Nakata, Masami, Nakata, Junichiro, Nishida, Yuya, Nohara, Nao, Ogihara, Takeshi, Sato, Daisuke, Sato, Junko, Sato, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Suzuki, Ruka, Suzuki, Hitoshi, Takagi, Miyuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Ueda, Seiji, Asawa, Miki, Miyaji, Minako, Nagashima, Eri, Shibata, Yoshie, Yanagisawa, Eri, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Hirakawa, Yosuke, Nishi, Hiroshi, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Horikawa, Satoko, Nakayama, Yukiko, Yamada, Naoko, Omori, Yuki, Yano, Shintaro, Ioka, Miyabi, Kuwabara, Nahoko, Nagano, Remi, Nozawa, Megumi, Osawa, Yumi, Maegawa, Hiroshi, Kume, Shinji, Araki, Shinichi, Miyazawa, Itsuko, Morino, Katsutaro, Kawai, Ikuko, Sobata, Masumi, Takaoka, Motoko, Iwaita, Yasushi, Udagawa, Takashi, Inamori, Ami, Kawase, Aya, Yamanaka, Aya, Shimano, Hitoshi, Fujita, Akiko, Iwasaki, Hitoshi, Kai, Hirayasu, Osaki, Yoshinori, Saito, Chie, Sekiya, Motohiro, Tsunoda, Ryoya, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Nakamura, Rikako, Yamada, Aiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Awazawa, Motoharu, Bouchi, Ryotaro, Hashimoto, Shota, Hashimoto, Makiko, Hisatake, Tomoko, Ihana, Noriko, Ishizuka, Koko, Izumi, Kazuo, Kajio, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Michi, Kodani, Noriko, Maruyama, Koji, Matsumoto, Michihiro, Matsushita, Maya, Nakamura, Tomoka, Sugiyama, Takehiro, Tanabe, Akiyo, Terakawa, Aiko, Ueki, Kojiro, Orimo, Yuko, Ozawa, Takako, Takahira, Eriko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Haneda, Masakazu, Tomita, Tadahiro, Akimoto, Saori, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Ishihara, Kenji, Murakami, Chiho, Nishiyama, Akiyo, Toyonaga, Yukiko, Uozumi, Kana, Yamaji, Yukihiro, Shigehara, Tetsuya, Okajyo, Jun, Shimizu, Yukihiro, Iwasaki, Shingo, Fukao, Yuki, Furusho, Megumi, Nunokawa, Shintaro, Katagiri, Hideki, Izumi, Tomohito, Kaneko, Keizo, Kodama, Shinjiro, Miyazaki, Mariko, Munakata, Yuichiro, Nagasawa, Tasuku, Oe, Yuji, Sugawara, Hiroto, Takahashi, Kei, Hirata, Kazushige, Inomata, Keiko, Otomo, Shoko, Uchida, Taeko, Yamashita, Chigusa, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Tamura, Ryota, Dube, Francoi, Bolduc, Marilene, Talbot, Marie-Christine, Cham, Leslie, Lai, Vesta, Tse, Josephine, Jolly, Shivinder, Duck, Tabbatha, Lyle, Scott, Epp, Rachel, Galloway, Camille, Haskett, Susan, Matvienko, Elizabeta, Paulsen, Liam, Moist, Louise, Lozon, Zabrina, Ramsey, Tina, Whitmore, Brittany, Al-Zeer, Bader, Macleod, Paula, O'Sullivan, Aoife, Sheriff, Zainab, Tholl, Sam, Pandey, Amritanshu, Armstrong, Samantha, Gebeyehu, Bethelihem, Toth, Patrick, Goldenberg, Ronald, Jahangiriesmaili, Mahsa, Sanguila, Shariff, Suresh, Neethi, Talsania, Tanvi, Zalunardo, Nadia, Agharazii, Mohsen, Roussel, Marie-Pier, Saillant, Annie, Samson, France, Bajaj, Harpreet, Bhavsar, Miken, Dhall, Parul, Dhillon, Gagandeep, Grewal, Bhupinder, Nimbkar, Taniya, Madore, Francoi, Marcotte, Guylaine, Steen, Oren, Bullen, Mathura, Raguwaran, Shayani, Valleteau, Andre, Langlois, Marie-France, Brown, Christine, Steele, Andrew, Garrity, Melissa, Ghate, Taneera, Robinson, Holly, Tolibas, Michael, Tailor, Chetna, Elliott, Lauren, McClary-Wright, Christine, Boreky, Fadia, Fikry, Sameh, Ali, Ayesha, Barot, Chintankumar, Basily, Wagdy, Saram, Thisun, Varad, Vinay, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aguilera, Alex, Alvarez, Patricia, Gill, Balwinder, Huda, Nazihah, Navivala, Aamir, Pinto, Daniel, Bevilacqua, Micheli, Fung, Elaine, Hernandez, Geraldine, Mann, Puneet, Saini, Jaskiran, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Bovan, Danijela, Devaux, Marie, Barnini, Cecilia, Leoncini, Giovanna, Manco, Luca, Nobili, Giulia, Piemontese, Matteo, Aucella, Filippo, Grifa, Rachele, Totaro, Francesco, La Manna, Gaetano, Capelli, Irene, Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Lerario, Sarah, Zappulo, Fulvia, Rosati, Alberto, Fani, Filippo, Spatoliatore, Giuseppe, Gesualdo, Loreto, Pesce, Francesco, Russo, Maria, Zippo, Maria, Cafiero, Cesira, Motta, Daria, Bianco, Simona, Bilucaglia, Donatella, Messa, Piergiorgio, Pavone, Laura, Tripodi, Federica, Vettoretti, Simone, Fioretto, Paola, Carraro, Gianni, Farnia, Filippo, Postal, Anna, D'Amelio, Alessandro, Cardone, Antonio, Piccinni, Giovanni, Aloisi, Annalisa, Scolari, Francesco, Alberici, Federico, Guerini, Alice, Saccà, Chiara, Salviani, Chiara, Zani, Roberta, DE NICOLA, Luca, Garofalo, Carlo, Elena Liberti, Maria, Minutolo, Roberto, Pennino, Luigi, Polese, Lucio, Mené, Paolo, Barberi, Simona, Falcone, Clorinda, Russo, Francesco, Caroppo, Maurizio, Santorelli, Gennaro, Rivera, Rodolfo, Santoro, Domenico, Giuffrida, Alfio, Zirino, Fortunata, Calvi, Cristina, Estienne, Luca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Gangemi, Concetta, Ortalda, Vittorio, Pessolano, Giuseppina, Grandaliano, Giuseppe, Baccaro, Rocco, Ferraro, Pietro, Mangiacapra, Roberto, Melandri, Marco, Foligno, Nadia, Quartagno, Rita, Vezzoli, Giuseppe, Brioni, Elena, and Group, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative

Subjects
chronic renal disease, empagliflozin, empa-kidney, General Medicine
Abstract

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; PConclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and others; EMPA-KIDNEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03594110. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2017-002971-24. opens in new tab.)

Published
2023

5. Gross hematuria following vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 2 patients with IgA nephropathy

Author

Brad H. Rovin and Lavinia Negrea

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Glomerulonephritis, medicine.disease, Gross hematuria, Nephropathy, Vaccination, Nephrology, Immunity, Immunology, medicine, Renal replacement therapy, business, Letter to the Editor
Published
2021

6. Association of Intradialytic Hypertension with Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients Enrolled in the Blood Pressure in Dialysis (BID) Study

Author

Jennifer J. Gassman, Ameet Karembelkar, David W. Ploth, Dana C. Miskulin, Manisha Jhamb, Amith Roy Shamir, Yi Yao, Philip G. Zager, Raymond Y. Kwong, Jonathan G. Yabes, Susan Paine, Mahboob Rahman, and Lavinia Negrea

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, lcsh:RC870-923, Article, Left ventricular mass, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Renal Dialysis, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, lcsh:Dermatology, Humans, Risk factor, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Intradialytic hypertension, Beta blocker, Dialysis, Aged, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Confidence interval, Blood pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Nephrology, Cardiovascular Diseases, lcsh:RC666-701, Hemodialysis, Hypertension, Cardiology, Female, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Weight gain
Abstract

Background/Aims: Intradialytic hypertension (IDH), or paradoxical rise in blood pressure (BP) during hemodialysis (HD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The association between IDH and increased left ventricular mass (LVM), a well-known risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in HD patients, has not been studied. The aim of our study is to evaluate the cross-sectional association of intradialytic change in BP with cardiac structure and function measured by cardiac MRI in hypertensive HD patients enrolled in the multi-center Blood Pressure in Dialysis (BID) clinical trial. Methods: Participants in the BID study were categorized into 3 groups based on average change (Δ) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (post-HD SBP minus pre-HD SBP) during HD over a 1 month period: group 1 - patients with an increase in SBP ≥ 10mm Hg during HD (IDH); group 2 -patients with SBP decrease of greater ≥10mm Hg during HD; group 3 - patients with SBP increase or decrease by < 10mm Hg during HD. LVM index (LVMI) was measured using cardiac MRI, which were centrally read. Baseline characteristics were compared in the 3 groups and multivariable regression models were fitted for the adjusted association of IDH with LVMI. Results: Among the 80 participants, 7 (8.8%) had IDH and had average Δ SBP 17.0 ± 10.1 mmHg during HD. Patients with IDH were less likely to be diabetic, had lower pre-dialysis SBP and lower percent interdialytic weight gain as compared to the other 2 groups (p=0.02, p< 0.001 and p=0.02 respectively). In multivariable regression analyses, IDH was significantly associated with LVMI (adjusted mean difference relative to SBP decreased group [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 12.5 [3.6, 21.5], p=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, IDWG%, pre-HD SBP and beta blocker use. Every 1 mm rise in ΔSBP during HD was associated with 0.2 g/m2 increase in LVMI in adjusted models (p=0.04). Conclusion: IDH is independently associated with higher LVMI in hypertensive HD patients and may contribute to increased cardiovascular events.

Published
2018

7. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Inflammation in CKD

Author

L. Lee Hamm, Jair Munoz Mendoza, Lisa Nessel, Myles Wolf, Ana C. Ricardo, Matthias Kretzler, Amanda H. Anderson, Dominic S. Raj, Mary B. Leonard, Lavinia Negrea, Tamara Isakova, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Dawei Xie, Huiliang Xie, and Lydia A. Bazzano

Subjects
Fibroblast growth factor 23, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Inflammation, urologic and male genital diseases, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Fibrinogen, Logistic regression, Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Prospective cohort study, Transplantation, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Fibroblast Growth Factors, stomatognathic diseases, Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, Endocrinology, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Quartile, Nephrology, Cohort, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Summary Background and objectives Levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and inflammatory markers are commonly elevated in CKD, and each is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This study tested the hypothesis that FGF23 is independently associated with inflammation in CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The association between levels of FGF23 and the inflammatory markers IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-a ,a ndfibrinogen was assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 3879 participants enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study between June 2003 and September 2008. Results FGF23 correlated directly with IL-6 (r=0.4), CRP (r=0.2), TNF-a (r=0.4), and fibrinogen (r=0.3; P,0.001 for each). In univariate and multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, natural log (ln) transformed FGF23 was significantly associated with lnIL-6, lnCRP, lnTNF-a ,a ndfibrinogen (P,0.001 for each). Each unit higher lnFGF23 was associated with severe inflammation, defined as levels of all inflammatory markers in the highest 25th percentile,inunivariate(oddsratio[OR],2.4[95%confidenceinterval(CI),2.0–2.9])andmultivariable-adjusted (OR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.6–2.5]) logistic regression analyses. Ascending FGF23 quartiles were independently associated with severe inflammation (OR, 5.6 for the highest versus lowest FGF23 quartile [95% CI, 2.3–13.9]; P for trend , 0.001). Conclusions Higher FGF23 levels are independently associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers in patients with CKD and with significantly greater odds of severe inflammation. Future studies should evaluate whether inflammation modifies the association between FGF23 and adverse outcomes in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 1155–1162, 2012. doi: 10.2215/CJN.13281211

Published
2012

8. Low Socioeconomic Status Associates with Higher Serum Phosphate Irrespective of Race

Author

Lavinia Negrea, Jing Chen, Akinlolu O. Ojo, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, Amanda H. Anderson, Tamara Isakova, Nancy Robinson, Julia J. Scialla, Keith Bellovich, Harold I. Feldman, James P. Lash, and Myles Wolf

Subjects
Gerontology, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Black People, Social class, White People, Phosphates, Cohort Studies, Hyperphosphatemia, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Clinical Epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Socioeconomic status, Aged, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Social Class, Nephrology, Multivariate Analysis, Income, Female, business, Demography, Cohort study, Kidney disease
Abstract

Hyperphosphatemia, which associates with adverse outcomes in CKD, is more common among blacks than whites for unclear reasons. Low socioeconomic status may explain this association because poverty both disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities and promotes excess intake of relatively inexpensive processed and fast foods enriched with highly absorbable phosphorus additives. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of race, socioeconomic status, and serum phosphate among 2879 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Participants with the lowest incomes or who were unemployed had higher serum phosphate concentrations than participants with the highest incomes or who were employed (P < 0.001). Although we also observed differences in serum phosphate levels by race, income modified this relationship: Blacks had 0.11 to 0.13 mg/dl higher serum phosphate than whites in the highest income groups but there was no difference by race in the lowest income group. In addition, compared with whites with the highest income, both blacks and whites with the lowest incomes had more than twice the likelihood of hyperphosphatemia in multivariable-adjusted analysis. In conclusion, low socioeconomic status associates with higher serum phosphate concentrations irrespective of race. Given the association between higher levels of serum phosphate and cardiovascular disease, further studies will need to determine whether excess serum phosphate may explain disparities in kidney disease outcomes among minority populations and the poor.

Published
2010

9. Lower affinity for substrate for extrarenal synthesis of calcitriol in chronic uremia

Author

Lavinia Negrea, Eduardo Slatopolsky, and Adriana Dusso

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Calcitriol, Kidney, High-performance liquid chromatography, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Calcifediol, Uremia, chemistry.chemical_classification, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase, biology, Substrate (chemistry), Cytochrome P450, medicine.disease, Rats, Cytosol, Kinetics, Endocrinology, Enzyme, chemistry, Liver, Nephrology, biology.protein, Ketoconazole, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract

Lower affinity for substrate for extrarenal synthesis of calcitriol in chronic uremia. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that anephric patients have very low, but detectable, levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (calcitriol) that can be increased to normal by administration of large doses of 25(OH)D 3 . The report of 1α-hydroxylase activity in pig liver with an affinity for substrate significantly lower than that of the renal enzyme, led us to use the rat as an experimental model to further clarify the need of supraphysiological levels of 25(OH)D 3 to correct calcitriol deficiency in chronic uremia. We have measured 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 production by rat liver. Cytosol free liver homogenates (CFH) from normal rats were incubated with 25(OH)D 3 and the production of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was measured using the thymus radioreceptor assay after solid phase C18 extraction and HPLC purification of the samples. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 production was linear up to 30 minutes and a CFH protein concentration up to 20 mg. Saturability was attained for a substrate concentration of approximately 60 µ M . Ketoconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, blocked calcitriol production in a dose dependent fashion. Total inhibition of the liver 1α-hydroxylase was achieved with 180 µ M ketoconazole. We next compared the kinetics of the 1α-hydroxylases of normal and uremic rat livers. Maximal velocities were not statistically different (139.6 ± 22.3 pg/mg/min for normals and 217.1 ± 73.3 pg/mg/min for uremic rats). However, the apparent K m was 35.9 ± 3.2 µ M for uremic animals, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) than that of normal rats (16.6 ± 0.7 µ M ). These results demonstrate that: (1) 1α-hydroxylase is expressed in rat livers; (2) the liver enzyme appears to be a cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase; (3) the affinity of the liver enzyme for 25(OH)D 3 is significantly reduced in uremia, a finding which may explain the need of supraphysiological levels of substrate to normalize serum calcitriol in anephric humans.

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