Search

Germination can improve the level of the free amino acid, and further improve the nutritious value of the foxtail millet. However, the effect of germination temperature and time on them is still unclear. The free amino acid of the germinated foxtail millet has been analyzed at different germination temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃) and time (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). Results reveal that 21 components of free amino acids increased. The lower temperature or higher temperature is not suitable for the accumulation of the free amino acid. The free amino acids increase to the maximum at the germination temperature of 30 ℃ for 30 h. The total free amino acids and total essential free amino acids can reach (810.7±69.0) and (367.8± 30.2) mg/100g, respectively. Among the amino acids, the contents of alanine and threonine increase to the highest level. The alanine has increased to (120.0±12.0) and (115.0±14.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 30 and 35 ℃, respectively. The threonine has increased to (106.0±1.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 35 ℃. The γ-aminobutyric acid reaches the maximum level at the germination temperature of 35 ℃ and reaches (60.1±1.8) mg/100g. In conclusion, the germination can promote the increase of the free amino acid and adjust the nutrition of the foxtail millet, and the germinated foxtail millet is a potential source for functional food.

In order to study the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of as-extruded 42CrMo high-strength steel, a series of isothermal upsetting experiments were carried out in a temperature range of 1123~1348 K and a strain rate range of 0.01~10 s-1 on Gleeble 1500. It was found that DRX softening is more recognizable at higher temperatures and lower strain rates, and stress level increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The types of flow stress evolution were distinguished by the following three characteristics: WH followed by DRX, WH followed by DRV, and WH followed by no dynamic softening. At a fixed temperature, the average grain size refined by DRX linearly decreases with increasing strain rate in log scale. At a fixed strain rate, the average grain size remains almost constant below 1273 K, while it rapidly increases above 1273 K. At a larger strain rate, data set of grain sizes has a smaller standard deviation to the average size value, and data have tightly grouped. This indicates that as strain rate increases, the microstructure becomes more and more uniform. The relationships between the average grain size and Zener-Hollomon parameter were nonlinearly fitted by the equation D A = 319.81202 - 13.6114 lnZ + 0.15322 (lnZ)². The results from this equation show that the average grain size decreases with increasing Zener-Hollomon parameter. On the plot of D A versus lnZ, the regions corresponding to DRV (lnZ 37.8) and DRX (lnZ 37.8) were clarified clearly.

C17H22CoN8O5W, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.4893(2) Å, b = 18.1400(4) Å, c = 12.2891(2) Å, β = 102.035(2)°, V = 2068.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0252, wRref(F2) = 0.0716, T = 293 K.

C42H30CdN4O4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 9.6025(3) Å, b = 21.6248(5) Å, c = 16.4162(5) Å, β = 96.440(3)°, V = 3387.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0340, wRref(F2) = 0.0880, T = 293 K.

C13H20N16S4, tetragonal, I4̄ (no. 82), a = 13.2259(4) Å, c = 6.6409(4) Å, V = 1161.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0433, wRref(F2) = 0.1129, T = 293 K.

Abstract Background To evaluate the expression levels of Cyclin D1 in breast papillomas and papillary carcinomas, and to analyze the types of cells that co-express Cyclin D1 with Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) or with Cytokeratin 8/18(CK 8/18). Methods Fifty-nine cases of papillary lesions including 36 papillomas and 23 intracystic papillary carcinomas were examined. Cyclin D1, CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression levels were evaluated by double immunostaining. Results Cyclin D1 is highly expressed in papillary carcinomas (27.54% ± 15.43%) compared with papillomas (8.81% ± 8.41%, p Conclusions The increase in Cyclin D1 suggests an association of Cyclin D1 staining with papillary carcinomas. Although Cyclin D1 is an effective marker for the differential diagnosis of other papillary lesions, it cannot be used to distinguish between papilloma and papillary carcinoma lesions because its expression occurs in both lesions. Our results show that Cyclin D1 and CK 5/6 staining could be used in concert to distinguish between the diagnosis of papilloma (Cyclin D1 37.00%, CK 5/6 negative). In addition, our data suggest that Cyclin D1 is expressed only in the cancer stem or progenitor cells that co-immunostained with CK 8/18 in papillary carcinomas, and predominantly with CK 8/18 in the papillomas. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7299340558756848

Patients with tissue inflammation or injury often experience aberrant mechanical pain hypersensitivity, one of leading symptoms in clinic. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical distortion are poorly understood. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels confer sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. TRPC3 and TRPC6 proteins, coassembling as heterotetrameric channels, are highly expressed in sensory neurons. However, how these channels mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity has remained elusive. It is shown that in mice and human, TRPC3 and TRPC6 are upregulated in DRG and spinal dorsal horn under pathological states. Double knockout of TRPC3/6 blunts mechanical pain hypersensitivity, largely by decreasing nociceptor hyperexcitability and spinal synaptic potentiation via presynaptic mechanism. In corroboration with this, nociceptor‐specific ablation of TRPC3/6 produces comparable pain relief. Mechanistic analysis reveals that upon peripheral inflammation, TRPC3/6 in primary sensory neurons get recruited via released bradykinin acting on B1/B2 receptors, facilitating BDNF secretion from spinal nociceptor terminals, which in turn potentiates synaptic transmission through TRPC3/6 and eventually results in mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Antagonizing TRPC3/6 in DRG relieves mechanical pain hypersensitivity in mice and nociceptor hyperexcitability in human. Thus, TRPC3/6 in nociceptors is crucially involved in pain plasticity and constitutes a promising therapeutic target against mechanical pain hypersensitivity with minor side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]