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1. Assessment of space proton radiation-induced charge transfer inefficiency in the CCD204 for the Euclid space observatory

Author

Andrew D. Holland, G. Hopkinson, L Duvet, Neil J. Murray, David Hall, David W. Burt, Mark Cropper, and Jason Gow

Subjects
Physics, Basis (linear algebra), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Space (mathematics), Galaxy, Universe, Optics, Operating temperature, Mask set, Baryon acoustic oscillations, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Weak gravitational lensing, media_common
Abstract

Euclid is a medium class European Space Agency mission candidate for launch in 2019 with a primary goal to study the dark universe using the weak lensing and baryonic acoustic oscillations techniques. Weak lensing depends on accurate shape measurements of distant galaxies. Therefore it is beneficial that the effects of radiation-induced charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) in the Euclid CCDs over the course of the 5 year mission at L2 are understood. This will allow, through experimental analysis and modelling techniques, the effects of radiation induced CTI on shape to be decoupled from those of mass inhomogeneities along the line-of-sight. This paper discusses a selection of work from the study that has been undertaken using the e2v CCD204 as part of the initial proton radiation damage assessment for Euclid. The experimental arrangement and procedure are described followed by the results obtained, thereby allowing recommendations to be made on the CCD operating temperature, to provide an insight into CTI effects using an optical background, to assess the benefits of using charge injection on CTI recovery and the effect of the use of two different methods of serial clocking on serial CTI. This work will form the basis of a comparison with a p-channel CCD204 fabricated using the same mask set as the n-channel equivalent. A custom CCD has been designed, based on this work and discussions between e2v technologies plc. and the Euclid consortium, and designated the CCD273.

Published
2012

2. Scientific objectives of the DYNAMO mission

Author

R. Lin, M. Moncuquet, François Leblanc, David L. Mitchell, C. Mazelle, John Clarke, L. Duvet, E. Lellouch, Tilman Spohn, D. Toublanc, J. Dyment, Michael E. Purucker, S. Smrekar, Robert M. Haberle, P. Tarits, R. Hodges, G. Balmino, J. Luhmann, Bruce M. Jakosky, Michel Parrot, François Forget, Y. Cohen, Eric Chassefière, J. Connerney, O. Grasset, A M Buckley, Paul Gough, Olivier Witasse, D. T. Young, D. Bass, J. Lilensten, Doris Breuer, M. Blanc, Eric Quémerais, Karoly Szego, Ph. Lognonné, G. Hulot, H. Rème, K. Issautier, Jean-Pierre Barriot, D. T. Lyons, Jean-Gabriel Trotignon, Stephen W. Bougher, N. Meyer, P.-L. Blelly, Michel Menvielle, K. Sperveslage, A. Nagy, Jean-Claude Cerisier, Jean-Loup Bertaux, F. Vial, D. Vignes, C. Berger, Gérard Chanteur, M. Pätzold, M. Parmentier, F. Hourdin, J.-A. Sauvaud, C. Sotin, M. Acuna, Sho Sasaki, G. M. Keating, J. L. Bougeret, Robert E. Johnson, H. Waite, F. Barlier, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, P. Pinet, P. Touboul, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln, University of Sussex, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Arizona, The George Washington University (GW), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), Brown University, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and University of Virginia

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aerospace Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, law.invention, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mercury's magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Atmospheric escape, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Aerobraking, Solar wind, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Timekeeping on Mars, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Thermosphere
Abstract

International audience; DYNAMO is a small Mars orbiter planned to be launched in 2005 or 2007, in the frame of the NASA/ CNES Mars exploration program. It is aimed at improving gravity and magnetic field resolution, in order to better understand the magnetic, geologic and thermal history of Mars, and at characterizing current atmospheric escape, which is still poorly constrained. These objectives are achieved by using a low periapsis orbit, similar to the one used by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft during its aerobraking phases. The proposed periapsis altitude for DYNAMO of 120–130 km, coupled with the global distribution of periapses to be obtained during one Martian year of operation, through about 5000 low passes, will produce a magnetic/gravity field data set with approximately five times the spatial resolution of MGS. Additional data on the internal structure will be obtained by mapping the electric conductivity. Low periapsis provides a unique opportunity to investigate the chemical and dynamical properties of the deep ionosphere, thermosphere, and the interaction between the atmosphere and the solar wind, therefore atmospheric escape, which may have played a crucial role in removing atmosphere and water from the planet.

Published
2001

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