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Synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive compounds that mimic the effects of '9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of marijuana. Today, the most important task in forensic science is to establish the chemical structure of new psychoactive compounds that appear in illicit trafficking promptly in order to respond quickly and stop their distribution. Less important is the development of methodological support for expert activity, including analysis methods and reference data on the analytical characteristics of compounds. The aim. To develop stages of the forensic analysis of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids and propose methods for determining 5 new synthetic cannabinoids for forensic pharmaceutical purposes. Materials and methods. The study was conducted as part of the identification of cannabinoids for forensic purposes at the National Scientific Centre "Bokarius Institute of Forensic Examination". As part of the study, 5 new synthetic cannabinoids were identified for forensic analysis using the following methods: infrared spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with a mass detector. The algorithm for the forensic analysis of cannabinoid derivatives was developed based on the requirements of Ukraine's current legislation. Results. Spectral and chromatographic methods of determination of 5 new synthetic cannabinoids for forensic purposes were proposed, and during research and elaboration of the current legislation of Ukraine, an algorithm for forensic investigation of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids has been developed. Conclusions. The stages of the forensic analysis of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids meet the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The obtained data prove the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods and prove the possibility of their introduction into the practice of forensic examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim. Selection and development of methods for the tasks of forensic pharmaceutical examination as case materials suspected of falsification or non-medical use of dicyclomine hydrochloride in combination with paracetamol in the form of tablets. Materials and methods. The study presents the developed methods of detection and identification of dicyclomine by TLC, IR spectroscopy and GC-MS, which were performed using reagents that meet the EP, USP and USPU requirements, Class A glassware and qualified devices. Identification by IR spectroscopy was performed in the range from 500 to 4000 cm-1 on the device "Nicolet 380 FT-IR Spectrometer by Thermo Fisher Scientific". TLC was performed on Sorbfil plates for TLC-PET-H-UV and Sorbfil plates for TLC-AF-UV (CJSC "Sorbpolymer", Russia). The following systems were used as mobile phases: dioxane-chloroform-acetone-25 % ammonia solution (47.5:45:5:2.5); toluene-acetone-ethanol-25 % ammonia solution (45:45:7.5:2.5); ethyl acetate-methanol-25 % ammonia solution (17:2:1)). The resulting chromatographic zones were detected by irradiation with UV light and further treatment with color reagents (30 % iron (III) chloride solution; Dragendorff's reagent modified by Munier; Marquis reagent; Froehde reagent; Mandelin reagent; FPN reagent). Analysis by gas chromatography with mass detection was performed using a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector GCMS-QP2020. Data were analyzed using the program: GCMSsolution, LabSolutions Insight (Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results. For the first time, the conditions for the extraction of dicyclomine hydrochloride from aqueous solutions were studied and the optimal conditions for their isolation as an object of forensic pharmaceutical examination is defined. The method of detection of dicyclomine hydrochloride and paracetamol in the drug "Trigan-D" by the methods of thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and chromato-mass spectrometry was developed, and the detection limits of the substances under study were determined. Conclusion. The developed methods for dicyclomine hydrochloride in the form of tablets with paracetamol meet the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The data obtained prove the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods and prove the possibility of their introduction into the practice of forensic pharmaceutical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quetiapine fumarate (an antipsychotic) is part of numerous generic drugs that are in fairly wide demand among the population, therefore, more and more data appear on the counterfeiting and smuggling of funds, as well as non-medical use, which are life-threatening for the population and explain the high prevalence of the active ingredient as object of forensic examination. The aim. To develop an algorithm for conducting a forensic pharmaceutical examination and propose a method for determining quetiapine fumarate for forensic pharmaceutical purposes. Materials and methods. All studies were performed using reagents that meet the EP, USP and USPU requirements, Class A glassware and qualified devices. Identification by IR spectroscopy was performed in the range from 500 to 4000 cm-1 on the device "Nicolet 380 FT-IR Spectrometer by Thermo Fisher Scientific" using a prefix "Smart Perfomer" with a ZnSe crystal. The UV absorption spectra of the solutions were recorded using a Specord 205 spectrophotometer from Analytik Jena AG (Germany). TLC was performed on Merck chromatographic plates (silica gel 60G F254, Germany). The following systems were used as mobile phases: hexane - acetone - 25 % ammonia solution (60:40:2); methanol - 25 % ammonia solution (100:1.5), hexane - acetone - 25 % ammonia solution (50:45:5). Detection was performed under UV light (254 nm), followed by spraying with Dragendorff reagent. Analysis by gas chromatography with mass detection was performed using a GC gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector GCMS-QP2020. Data were analyzed using the program: GCMSsolution, LabSolutions Insight (Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results. An algorithm for conducting a forensic pharmaceutical examination in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine has been developed, methods for determining quetiapine for forensic pharmaceutical purposes have been proposed. Conclusions. The developed methods for determining quetiapine meet the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The obtained data prove the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods and prove the possibility of their introduction into the practice of forensic examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As potential new analgesics, the corresponding 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilides have been obtained by amidation of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate with aniline and its halogenated analogsin boiling dry xylene. The peculiarities of the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (1Н and 13С) spectra of the synthesized compounds are discussed. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, the ability of the compounds to form stable solvates with N,N-dimethylformamide has been shown on the example of 4-bromo-substituted derivative. It should be further studied to be considered in their crystallization. According to the results of the pharmacological testing conducted on the model of the thermal tail-flick (tail immersion test) among halogen-substituted 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilides, substances which are considerably superior to meloxicam and piroxicam by their analgesic activity have been found. They are of interest for further profound studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the principles of "me-too" technique, the preparative method for obtaining has been proposed, and the synthesis of a large series of new N -(arylalkyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,4-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,2,1- ij ]quinoline-5-carboxamides as structurally close analogs of tricyclic pyrrolo- and pyridoquinoline diuretics has been carried out. All target compounds were obtained with high yields and purity by amidation of ethyl ester of the corresponding 2-methyl-pyrroloquinoline-5-carboxylic acid with arylalkylamines in boiling ethanol. Their structure was confirmed by the data of elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and polarimetry. Moreover, interpretations of their ¹H and 13 C-NMR spectra, their mass spectrometric behavior, as well as peculiarities of the polarimetric studies were discussed. The effect of N -(arylalkyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,4-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,2,1- ij ]quinoline-5-carboxamides on the urinary function of the kidneys was studied in white rats by the standard method of oral administration in the dose of 10 mg/kg compared to hydrochlorothiazide. According to the results of the primary pharmacological screening, the structural and biological regularities that were unexpected, but interesting for further studies were revealed. Among the substances studied, the samples, which by their diuretic effect are not inferior and even superior to both the known hydrochlorothiazide and the lead structure of the pyrroloquinoline group, have been found. On this basis, it can be argued that the introduction of the methyl group made by us in position 2 of pyrrolo[3,2,1- ij ]quinoline nucleus can be considered as a successful and promising implementation of the "me-too" cloning of tricyclic 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-one diuretics.