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The advancement of experimental methods has provided new information about the structure and structural fluctuations of water. Despite the appearance of numerous models, which aim to describe a wide range of thermodynamic and electrical characteristics of water, there is a deficit in systemic understanding of structuring in aqueous solutions. A particular challenge is the fact that even pure water is a heterogeneous, multicomponent system composed of molecular and supramolecular structures. The possibility of the existence of such structures and their nature are of fundamental importance for various fields of science. However, great difficulties arise in modeling relatively large supramolecular structures (e.g. extended hydration shells), where the bonds between molecules are characterized by low energy. Generally, such structures may be non-equilibrium but relatively long-lived. Evidently, the short times of water microstructure exchanges do not mean short lifetimes of macrostructures, just as the instability of individual parts does not mean the instability of the entire structure. To explain this paradox, we review the data from experimental and theoretical research. Today, only some of the experimental results on the lifetime of water structures have been confirmed by modeling, so there is not a complete theoretical picture of the structure of water yet. We propose a new hierarchical water macrostructure model to resolve the issue of the stability of water structures. In this model, the structure of water is presented as consisting of many hierarchically related levels (the stratification model). The stratification mechanism is associated with symmetry breaking at the formation of the next level, even with minimal changes in the properties of the previous level. Such a hierarchical relationship can determine the unique physico-chemical properties of water systems and, in the future, provide a complete description of them.

У даній статті доводиться необхідність нор­мативного закріплення реституційно-компенса­ційних заходів в кримінальному законі України. Автори аналізують міжнародні нормативні акти, зокрема Декларацію ООН основних принципів правосуддя для жертв злочинів та зловживання владою, 1985; Європейську конвенцію з відшко­дування збитків жертвам насильницьких злочи­нів, 1983; Рекомендацію R (85) 11 Комітету мі­ністрів Ради Європи державам-членам стосовно положення потерпілого в межах кримінального права та кримінального процесу, 1985; Реко­мендацію Rec (2006) 8 Комітету Міністрів Ради Європи державам-членам щодо допомоги по­терпілим від злочинів, 2006, в яких встановлено певні обов’язки держав щодо закріплення в на­ціональних законах реституції та відшкодування шкоди. У статті визначено недостатність зако­нодавчого закріплення відшкодування (компен­сації) шкоди, завданої кримінальним правопо­рушенням, в кримінальному процесуальному та цивільному законодавстві України. В роботі аналізуються історичні норматив­но-правові акти, які діяли на території нашої держави, в яких передбачалися заходи, спря­мовані на забезпечення інтересів потерпілих від кримінальних правопорушень, доводиться, що з входженням до російської імперії позитивні над­бання в кримінальному праві, які були пов’я­зані з намаганням закріпити на законодавчому рівні реституційно-компенсаційні заходи, були втрачені. Водночас на прикладі кримінально­го закону Польщі доводиться, що держави, які мали спільну з нашою історію та однакові ви­токи формування законодавства, продовжили традиції нормотворення в заданому криміналь­но-правовому напрямку і тому в систему кримі­нально-правових заходів Польщі входять захо­ди компенсаційного характеру. В роботі приділено увагу аналізу положень проєкту Кримінального кодексу України, які регламентують реституцію і компенсацію, ви­значено певні недоліки і запропоновано деякі шляхи їх вирішення.

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 perovskite-based crystals attract considerable scientific interest due to their interesting properties and possible use in piezoelectricity and photovoltaics. To understand the local structure and fundamental properties of such materials, in this work, we focused on the study within the density functional theory of structural, electronic, and optical properties of Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.75Ti0.25]O3. Using GGA(PBEsol) approximation for structure optimization gives a good agreement with experimental data. Through the variation in Hubbard U parameters to GGA(PBEsol) functional, we achieve the bandgap for the Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.75Ti0.25]O3 which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The study of the bond populations showed that the Mg-O bond demonstrates no covalency, whereas there is a significant Ti-O and Nb-O covalent bonding. Such different bonding characteristics must be responsible for the relaxor properties of Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.75Ti0.25]O3 compound. In addition, the investigations of the optical properties of the Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.75Ti0.25]O3 by adopting Hubbard U corrections, modifying the error of the GGA approximation, and confirming the electronic analysis, were performed.

Public administration in the field of healthcare is carried out using certain tools (methods, techniques, operations, algorithms of actions, procedures and techniques of action, management technologies, communication strategies, etc.). The composition of the mechanisms of public administration in the sphere of healthcare is proposed, which is determined by the results of the analysis of the content and results of the medical reform in Ukraine. The aim (purpose of application), features of action, limitations and degree of completeness of public administration mechanisms in the field of healthcare in Ukraine are considered. Further improvement of public administration in the field of healthcare in Ukraine lies in the plane of system creation of its instrumental base. The system of public administration mechanisms in the field of healthcare is a set of various mechanisms, the simultaneous action of which in terms of interconnection and interdependence allows to ensure high-quality public administration in the most important socioeconomic sector of the country, which is healthcare. The features of the system of mechanisms of public administration in the sphere of healthcare are characterized. The formation of a system of public administration mechanisms in the field of healthcare in Ukraine should have a fundamental basis, which is formed in the form of appropriate conceptual foundations. The conceptual foundations of the formation of the system of public administration mechanisms in the field of healthcare in Ukraine contain a set of attitudes, principles, provisions, guidelines and vectors of action of state institutions, combined into constructs, the reliance on which will allow the formation of such a really effective system. The creation of a system of public administration mechanisms in the field of healthcare in Ukraine is important for improving the quality of public administration, and therefore great attention should be paid to this process.

The article argues the relevance of the self-esteem problem in adolescence, which is extremely important during their period of maturation, self-definition, evaluation of their abilities, basic values, and the search for ways to fulfill their dreams and satisfy needs. In scientific literature, there is no unequivocal interpretation of the essence of this phenomenon, as some researchers emphasize the need to create conditions for the development of necessary practical experience in positive self-assessment. Others focus on enhancing self-expression and self-disclosure, while others emphasize raising demands on adolescents to develop the ability to overcome difficulties in achieving success. The article emphasizes the necessity of considering the peculiarities of adolescence, the processes of self-identification, evaluation of one's actions, and the construction of perspectives, which are particularly challenging at this age. Unresolved aspects of the identified problem are highlighted, including the study of the level of formation of key competencies crucial for the formation of a positive attitude towards deep self-discovery, serving as a stimulus for self-development and self-improvement. Experimental findings establish that the individual's attitude towards oneself and the development of self-esteem are influenced by the attitudes of those around them. The research identified a range of problems in adolescents that require targeted systematic work, such as the inability to conduct a deep analysis of their achievements and failures, the inability to determine ways and options to overcome purely educational or life difficulties, the inability to appreciate the advice and remarks of more experienced individuals, insufficiently formed orientation towards the future, inadequate evaluation of others' attitudes towards oneself, and the inability to maintain the desired social status, as well as the inability to terminate unwanted relationships. The most essential competencies are highlighted, and the conclusion is drawn that they should be systematically developed, considering three basic factors: the experience of success and failure, the experience of others, and deep internal motivation.

The change in the status and conditions of teaching Polish as a foreign language in Ukraine has led to a fundamental change in the profile of those people who learn the Polish language, their needs, motivations and educational goals. The relevance of the study is related to the need to improve the system of work on teaching Polish to adult Ukrainians. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current situation of learning the Polish language in Ukraine by new groups of adults, taking into account age characteristics and social status, educational training and existing experience in learning foreign languages, previous contacts with the Polish language, needs and requirements regarding its mastery / proficiency level. This requires a more detailed analysis of the characteristics demonstrated by various groups of people consuming these educational services. The teacher is faced with the need to overcome students’ stereotypical perception of the speed of learning material, the mandatory presence of detailed explanations, the frequency of repetition, as well as the determination to obtain the final result. The factor of previous experience in learning foreign languages and the degree of student's previous education are important, as students transfer the associated successes and failures to the process of learning a new foreign language. Previous contact with the Polish language also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of learning. Ease of understanding the language, attempts to communicate with native speakers generally contribute to increasing motivation to study. The analysis showed that the goal of learning the Polish language for the majority of students was and remains the acquisition of higher education. The number of adults studying the language is also growing to fulfil their professional duties. Changing learning conditions alongside adjusting the goals and motivation level diversify the process of learning the Polish language, which often consists of several stages, in which Ukrainian and Polish teachers participate simultaneously. Taking into account all the listed aspects will make it possible to build an effective training model, namely to adapt programmes and training manuals to work with a qualitatively heterogeneous audience.

The modern didactic process can be supported by appropriate methodological support due to the expansion of educational opportunities for Ukrainian students. The need for textbooks in Polish as a foreign language in a professional context puts the teacher in the task of choosing or creating such an educational book. The relevance of the study lies in the need for the theoretical development of a number of issues related to the structure of the textbook, its orientation to a certain type of program, to the level of user proficiency in the national version of the Polish language. The didactic content of the textbook is also important: texts, the ratio of lexical, grammatical and communicative exercises, creative tasks, tasks for self-control, tests, auxiliary materials, etc. To answer these questions, the article analyzes the available textbooks on the Polish language in a professional direction, identifies the main trends in their creation and attempts to systematize their types. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis, synthesis, and observation of linguistic phenomena were used. Creating a quality textbook on the Polish language in a professional manner is connected to a specific educational need and, accordingly, the training program. Specialized student training involves the balanced use of professional texts, lexical, grammatical, and communicative tasks. Analyzing the didactic content of existing textbooks of professional Polish, you can group them into a single-profile and multidisciplinary; monolingual and oriented to the native language of the user; The presence of structural components that fully provide the educational process (from texts, dialogues, various exercises and tasks to questions for self-control, tests, individual tasks, dictionaries, etc.; those containing elements of interest and motivation; Availability of audio and video materials; by country of publication; adjustment to the current program.

The article presents the results of studying the influence of quantitative traits on the barley plant performance. Thirty typical plants were selected for each of the 28 genotypes spring two-row barley cultivars and their height, productive tillering capacity, spike length, number and weight of kernels from the main spike, 1000-kernel weight, and performance were measured. As a result, we found significant positive correlations between the performance and productive tillering capacity and weight of kernels from the main spike. Path analysis showed that the weight of kernels from the main spike had the greatest direct effect on the plant performance (0.61). We have established that the paths “spike length – weight of kernels from the main spike – performance” and “kernel number per spike – weight of kernels from the main spike – performance” are of the greatest importance in select for the barley plant performance.

В статті представлено короткий нарис створення фундаментальної статті Рудольфа Карнапа «Подолання метафізики через логічний аналіз мови». Ми розглядаємо науковий шлях Рудольфа Карнапа, який разом зі спрямованістю Віденського гуртка, приводить до антиметафізичної настанови, що втілилася у «Логічній побудові світу» та «Науковому світорозумінні». Ми висвітлюємо культурно-історичні умови створення «Подолання метафізики через логічний аналіз мови», її наукові та філософські підгрунтя, аналізуємо вплив сучасників на розвиток відповідних ідей Карнапа. Далі ми здійснюємо детальний аналіз методу подолання метафізики, який представляє Карнап. Ми спробували відтворити рух карнапівських ідей у широкому філософському контексті за допомогою залучення його попередніх робіт та розвідок філософів, на яких він спирався. Ми прослідковуємо не лише філософську, але й культурну складову карнапівської спроби відкинути гайдеггерівську метафізику. Ми розширюємо контекст протиставлення традиційної метафізики і спроб її переосмислення, починаючи від Канта, який був останньою значною фігурою, спільної для аналітичної і континентальної філософії, і, водночас, провісником розходження їхніх шляхів. Ми стверджуємо, що філософи, в роботах яких ми зараз знаходимо витоки розділення аналітичної та континентальної традицій, в тому числі Гайдеггер і Карнап, мали спільне філософське тло, сформоване інтелектуальним простором Німеччини після Першої світової війни, який був зокрема заповнений неокантіанством Баденської школи, гусерлівською феноменологією та філософією життя Дільтея та Ніцше. Всі ці напрямки критикували традиційну метафізику і зробили внесок у оновлення методів філософствування. Підхід Карнапа до подолання метафізики виразив настанову цілої плеяди філософів, метою яких було створити наукову філософію. Незважаючи на подальші дискусії і навіть критику Карнапа його учнями, вплив його методологічної настанови на переосмислення метафізики незаперечний. Сучасна аналітична метафізика -- це повноправна методологічна послідовниця карнапівських методів – визначеності, редуктивності, експлікації, мета якої -- побудова категоріальних систем, які дозволяють найкраще описувати реальність з позиції, доцільної в певному дослідженні.

Переклад програмної статті Рудольфа Карнапа "Подолання метафізики логічним аналізом мови", здійснений за виданням Carnap R. Uberwindung der Metaphysik durch ¨ logische Analyse der Sprache. Erkenntnis. 2. Bd. 1931. S. 219-241.

The war and the COVID-19 pandemic posed a great challenge to Ukraine from the point of view of public finances. The purpose of the study is to systematize the European experience and analyze the Ukrainian practice of implementing parliamentary control ofpublic finances in the conditions of war and the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the study of the process of parliamentary control ofpublic finances in the conditions of war and the COVID-19 pandemic. Toachieve the goal, the research used scientific methods such as: the dialectical method, the method of comparative analysis, the methods of synthesis and systematization, abstraction, generalization, and the graphic method. The mechanism of parliamentary control in the field of public finances in Ukraine is analyzed, which allows the legislative branch of power to guarantee that public funds are used responsibly and efficiently. The functions of the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine, which is an independent body that monitors and controls public finances in Ukraine, are analyzed. The problems with ensuring parliamentary control ofpublic finances are outlined, and measures to improve the efficiency of these processes are presented. The experience of the member states of the European Union in the implementation of parliamentary control ofpublic finances has been analyzed, which will contribute to the analysis of the possibilities of implementing successful experience in Ukrainian practice

Background and Objectives: Breastmilk is the safest and most suitable food for an infant, playing the role of their first vaccine and containing all the essential nutrients for the first months of life. The World Health Organisation recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and continued breastfeeding while introducing a child to complementary foods until 2 years and beyond. According to Latvian statistics from 2022, only 27.4% of babies were breastfed for 12 months. The aim of this study was to determine the socio-economic factors and factors related to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum that influence breastfeeding for more than 6 months in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Data were used from the cross-sectional survey “Research on factors and behaviours affecting the sexual and reproductive health of the population of Latvia”, which was conducted in 2023. A study sample was randomised and stratified by gender and five age groups. The analyses in this study are based on a sample of women who had given birth at least once (n = 1407), and the dependent variable was the duration of breastfeeding their last child. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the associated factors. Results: The point prevalence of longer duration of breastfeeding for the last child was 47.9% (n = 674). The odds of longer breastfeeding duration were higher among mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy (vs. smokers, aOR 2.1, p < 0.001), of Latvian nationality (vs. Russian, aOR 1.3, p = 0.03), who had two childbirth (vs. one, aOR 1.5, p = 0.003), who had the highest level of education (vs. primary education, aOR 2.0, p = 0.03), started breastfeeding immediately after the birth (vs. later than the first day, aOR 1.7, p = 0.01) or on the first day (vs. later, aOR 1.6, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We documented socio-demographic pregnancy and childbirth factors associated with longer breastfeeding durations. Efforts to promote breastfeeding practices should target mothers from the most vulnerable groups.

The main direction of increasing efficiency and safety of the work of sorting humps is the management automation of breaking-up of trains. The difficulty of solving this problem is due to the fact that it is solved in the absence of accurate information about the running characteristics of the cars, the parameters of their routes of rolling and environmental conditions. In addition to this, car retarders implement given modes with errors. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of various random factors on the indicators of cars rolling from the sorting humps. The research was carried out using methods of simulation modeling, planning of factorial experiments and statistical analysis. As a result, it was established that the main factors affecting the mean square deviation of the time of the cars rolling are the distance of unregulated rolling and the specified speed of the cut leaving the car retarders. The research results make it possible to improve algorithms for determining braking modes for retarders in the absence of accurate information to solve the problem.

Perturbed motions of a rigid body, close to the Lagrange case, under the action of restoring and perturbation torques of forces are investigated in the paper. The following problem is formulated: investigating solutions behavior of system of equations of motion for nonzero values of small parameter on a sufficiently long time interval. To analyze a nonlinear system of equations of motion, the averaging method is used. The problem can be decomposed into slowly and quickly changing variables. Conditions for the possibility of averaging the equations of motion with respect to the phase of nutation angle are presented and averaging procedure for slow variables of a perturbed motion of a rigid body in the first approximation is described. As an example of the developed procedure, we investigate a perturbed motion, close to Lagrange case, taking into account constant dissipative and small torque, and dissipative torques depending on slow time. A new class of rotational motions of a dynamically symmetric rigid body about a fixed point has been investigated with restoring and perturbation torques of forces being taken into account.

Ambiguous results of pairwise correlation analyses and pathway analyses were obtained from different researchers. Therefore, the study of the correlation of traits and conducting a road analysis of the productivity of new genotypes using different sets of traits is relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the correlation coefficients between the characteristics of spring barley, their direct and side effects on plant productivity, and to identify the determinants of plant selection. The research used the correlation method to determine the correlation coefficients between traits, and the method of path analysis – to establish the direct and side effects of traits on plant productivity. The positive analysis of plant productivity in the variant using quantitative traits without components of productivity revealed positive direct effects in the action on productivity and positive correlation with it traits productive bushiness as determinants of forecasting the effectiveness of high-yielding plants. In the variant using plant productivity and traits of the mass of grain from the main ear and afterspring, the path analysis found that only these two traits had a considerable direct and indirect effect in interaction with other traits on plant productivity, as well as average and high (respectively) correlation with it. Therefore, in the case of determining the mass of grain from the main ear or from the afterspring, these two separate features can also be used as determinants of the forecast of the efficiency of selection of high-yielding plants

The state when all people at any time have physical and economic access to safe and wholesome food sufficient to satisfy their physiological needs and benefits necessary for an active and healthy lifestyle is denominated as food security its principal components being: availability as the degree of actual or potential affordability of food in a certain group of the population during a certain period; accessibility, as the degree of the population’s ability to receive food at its disposal during a certain period of time; consumption, as the ability of the population to provide enough nutritious food for a certain period of time. The concept of food security, along with economic aspects, incorporates a number of technical components: alimentary and nutritional value of food, other physical and chemical characteristics, suitability for transportation and short-term and long-term storage. The technical regulation is the legal regulation of relations in the field of determining and fulfilling mandatory requirements for product characteristics or related processes and production methods. The principal directions for taking into account food security requirements in technical regulation are rational consumption norms, state food resources, food safety and certain indicators of their quality. Principal directions of implying food security fundamentals in the frames of technical regulation and standardization are specified as well as the algorithm of expedient involvement of the basics of food safety in regulatory norms. The consideration of the principles of food security in technical regulation can be fulfilled by developing normative documents that contain norms concerning long-term storage, amending existing regulatory documents, the scope of which are certain foods, with relevant sections as well as the development of documents that will normalize, if necessary, special methods for research of long-term storage products, such as butter and frozen meats. It is stated that specialized refrigerators and storage facilities, can carry out long-term storage of butter and meats for periods exceeding those specified in the national standards. It is possible to develop standards defining the terms and conditions of long-term storage of foods in the conditions of enterprises of the state reserve system. Another possible solution to the existing problem is the introduction of provisions regarding special requirements for long-term storage of foods in the state reserve, these involved in solving the issues of the food security, to the norms in force.

The goal of our work is to show how a theoretical approach to modeling of reasoning can be analyzed to identify controversial issues that reveal prospects for further research. We will consider one of the basic approaches to modeling of reasoning based on the concept of belief revision AGM, which is viewed as classical because it formulates the basic concepts of belief, introduces the main ways of representing beliefs, cognitive actions, systems of postulates for cognitive actions and the basic principles for constructing epistemic systems. However, this conceptual foundation raises many controversial issues that require further research, such as the problem of purity of the doxastic operations, the problem of primacy of the doxastic operations and the problem of connection between the doxastic operations. To find a possible solution to these controversial points, we will attempt to model the main ideas of AGM within the framework of standard consistent, and complete logic \L{}3. The basic principle of our translation is the scheme for constructing an epistemic theory proposed by G\"ardenfors, which is considered the basis of AGM. We use a strict three-valued logic formalism to constrain the functioning of doxastic operators and to test how they will function when trying to express the corresponding AGM postulates in a given system. It will allow us to approach the solution of the classical AGM problems or at least to present them from a different perspective. We consider the fundamental possibility of obtaining other doxastic operators in this way and also show how we can implement the minimality criterion for the contraction operator by combining several theorems of three-valued logic. The presented method of translating an informal conceptual scheme into formal logic is convenient for teaching students the basics of modeling and makes it possible to demonstrate the relationships and limitations of the modeled objects and processes.

The advancement of experimental methods has provided new information about the structure and structural fluctuations of water. Despite the appearance of numerous models, which aim to describe a wide range of thermodynamic and electrical characteristics of water, there is a deficit in systemic understanding of structuring in aqueous solutions. A particular challenge is the fact that even pure water is a heterogeneous, multicomponent system composed of molecular and supramolecular structures. The possibility of the existence of such structures and their nature are of fundamental importance for various fields of science. However, great difficulties arise in modeling relatively large supramolecular structures (e.g. extended hydration shells), where the bonds between molecules are characterized by low energy. Generally, such structures may be non-equilibrium but relatively long-lived. Evidently, the short times of water microstructure exchanges do not mean short lifetimes of macrostructures, just as the instability of individual parts does not mean the instability of the entire structure. To explain this paradox, we review the data from experimental and theoretical research. Today, only some of the experimental results on the lifetime of water structures have been confirmed by modeling, so there is not a complete theoretical picture of the structure of water yet. We propose a new hierarchical water macrostructure model to resolve the issue of the stability of water structures. In this model, the structure of water is presented as consisting of many hierarchically related levels (the stratification model). The stratification mechanism is associated with symmetry breaking at the formation of the next level, even with minimal changes in the properties of the previous level. Such a hierarchical relationship can determine the unique physico-chemical properties of water systems and, in the future, provide a complete description of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problems of digitalization of accounting in the agricultural sector of Ukraine as the main element of modernization of business processes in the conditions of digitalization. Accordingly, the issue of using modern accounting tools for agricultural enterprises, which largely depends on the implementation of the scenario of digital development of rural areas of Ukraine, in particular, the development of digital infrastructure, is gaining relevance. The purpose of the article is to investigate the current trends in the digitisation of the accounting of agricultural enterprises and their impact on the management of business processes in today’s conditions. The research uses the dialectical method of cognition and general scientific techniques and principles of complex research, which include empirical, theoretical-cognitive and general logical methods, in particular: observation, comparison, description, generalization; analysis, synthesis, analogy and abstraction; systematic approach; monographic; comparative analysis. The article examines the benefits of using information technologies in the activities of enterprises in the agrarian sector and identifies factors that slow down the process of its transformation. It was established that the development of an agricultural enterprise based on the digitalization of management processes requires a significant amount of time for implementation, which is associated with making significant investments in the acquisition and support of technologies, as well as training employees in new professional skills. The innovations of the modern information space that can be used in the business environment for the digital transformation of business, in particular for the purpose of productive organization of accounting processes, are considered. The generalized results and formulated conclusions can be applied in the practical activities of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in the context of the use of the formed information base of technologies, online services, specialized applications for the digitalization of accounting processes, reporting, taxation, as well as the determination of critical factors for slowing down the use of digital technologies, which will contribute to the overall transformation business processes of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex

Background: At the present moment, an urgent and unresolved problem is the search for a method to diagnose disorders of the hemostasis system in patients with the new coronavirus infection. The integral tests, in particular, the thrombodynamics test, will presumably make it possible to monitor changes in blood clotting, and predict the course of the disease in patients with COVID-19. Aims: To comparatively assess the plasma hemostasis parameters and results of the thrombodynamics test in patients with COVID-19 viral infection of different severity. Methods: The study included 96 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, admitted to a hospital for infectious diseases on the base of the V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology in the period from April 23, 2020, to June 20, 2020, and discharged at the end of treatment. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by PCR. The patients were stratified by the severity into 3 groups: mild course (n=25), moderate course (n=54), severe course (n=17). The diagnostics and treatment of patients were carried out in accordance with the Temporary Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection, versions 5, 6, 7. In the course of the treatment, the patients were assessed for APTT, prothrombin %, prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, platelet count, and the thrombodynamic test parameters (V/Vi/Vst, Tlag, Cs, D). Results: Significant differences were observed in the thrombin time, D-dimer, platelet count, and the thrombodynamic parameters of V/Vst, Cs, and D taken before admission and a week after admission. We found a relationship between the parameters of hemostasis (fibrinogen concentration, PT, prothrombin %, APTT, Tlag, D) and the duration of hospital stay. There was a positive relationship between the content of fibrinogen and D (r=0.6307, p 0.0001) and a strong positive relationship between PT and Tlag (r=0.7499, p 0.0001). Conclusions: The thrombodynamics test can be recommended as a potential tool for a personalized approach to monitoring the hemostasis system and treating patients with COVID-19.

Толерантність має межі. Толерантність – це ставлення щодо визнання іншого рівним, але відмінним. Якщо ми не можемо відрізнити хибне від відмінного, ми можемо отримати псевдотолерантність. Щоб зробити таке розрізнення, ми маємо супроводжувати толерантність критичною оцінкою. Наприклад, якщо умови функціонування толерантності порушуються, а відповідне ставлення до суспільних практик продовжує називатися толерантністю, ми можемо отримати безмежну толерантність, яка застосовується до будь-чого. Така псевдотолерантність ґрунтується на байдужості чи некомпетентності, а не на критичній оцінці. Трапляється також вимушена толерантність, для якої немає жодних інших причин, окрім примусу. Ці випадки не є толерантністю, хоча вони називаються тим самим терміном і можуть застосовуватися в схожих ситуаціях. Толерантність підтримує норму. Толерантність як соціальне явище має неочевидний наслідок – вона змінює статус толерованого явища, підіймаючи його до рівня соціального сприйняття, а потім і схвалення. Толерантність санкціонує толероване явище як допустиме відмінне інше, яке не можна критикувати і яке можна прийняти. При псевдотолерантності існує небезпека того, що деякі явища будуть безпідставно сприйняті як соціально прийнятні. Проте такі явища безпосередньо руйнують середовище толерантності. Наприклад: виправдане насильство або нешкідлива брехня. Не все підлягає толеруванню. Існують певні соціальні практики, які не можна терпіти, тому що вони не інші чи відмінні, а хибні чи небезпечні. Питання можливості толерантності до соціальних практик вимагає використання критичного мислення для пошуку та застосування відповідних критеріїв. Не можна терпіти фейки, брехню та дезінформацію, оскільки вони руйнують умови толерантності в епістемологічному співтоваристві. Вони створюють такі епістемічні альтернативи, які не можна відкинути, а їхня непозбувна наявність знижує когнітивний статус знання в цілому, спричиняючи тим самим деградацію епістемічного середовища. Щоб зберегти можливість бути толерантними, ми повинні турбуватися про те, як ми можемо підтримати середовище, в якому ми можемо бути толерантними. Так само, щоб мати можливість здобувати знання, ми повинні дбати про епістемічне середовище, в якому ми можемо це продуктивно робити.

The yield and the quality of grain and groats have been determined for rice varieties belonging to different ripening groups: early-ripening Komandor and Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Ukraina 96, Vikont, Admiral, Magic, and Lotto, and late-ripening Fukushikiri, Giza 177, and Sakha 101. As to the quantitative indicators of grain quality, the highest total yield of groats (about 70%) was recorded for early-ripening Yuzhanin, and mid-ripening Lotto, and Magic. The whole kernel output (about 90%) was registered for early-ripening Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Lotto, Vikont, and Ukraina 96, and late-ripening Sakha 101. Early-ripening Yuzhanin and mid-ripening Lotto were distinguished due to high yields and high values of major quantitative characteristics of grain quality (total output of groats, output of whole kernels, 1000-kernel weight). Yuzhanin also had a high content of protein in grain. Groats of mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, Admiral and Vikont, late-ripening Fukushikiri and Giza 177, and early-ripening Yuzhanin had high culinary qualities due to their high volume increase index (when boiled). The structure of groats was the best in early-ripening Yuzhanin, late-ripening Giza 177 and Fukushikiri, mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, and Admiral. Early-ripening Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Lotto, Magic, and Admiral, late-ripening Giza 177 and Fukushikiri were distinguished due to their groats colour; mid-ripening Vikont, Magic, and Admiral, late-ripening Giza 177, and early-ripening Yuzhanin – due to the groats aroma; mid-ripening Lotto, Vikont, Magic, and Admiral, early-ripening Yuzhanin, late-ripening Giza 177 and Sakha 101 – due to their palatability. By the set of parameters indicating the culinary quality of groats (increase index, structure, colour, aroma, palatability), early-ripening Yuzhanin, mid-ripening Lotto, Admiral, Magic, and Vikont, late-ripening Fukushikiri and Giza 177 were higher than the reference variety Ukraina 96. The results of comprehensive assessment of yields, grain quality, and culinary qualities of the groats have allowed singling out two cultivars: early-ripening Yuzhanin and mid-ripening Lotto. They have been found valuable enough to be more widely used in the production of rice grain and groats. New rice lines with high culinary qualities of groats have been originated from crossing the varieties having high-quality groats, in particular, Yuzhanin and Lotto.

Сучасний стан економічної безпеки України у зв’язку з російською агресією потребує ґрунтовного аналізу та дослідження насамперед із кількох причин: докладніше розуміння соціально-економічних процесів, які відбуваються всередині держави та визначення втрат і ризиків для глобальної економіки світу, що спричинені тісною інтеграцією української економіки до світової господарської системи. Мета статті полягає в аналізі викликів та перспектив розвитку економічної безпеки в державі за сучасних українських реалій. У статті проаналізовано насамперед головні загрози й виклики економічній безпеці та гіпотетичні шляхи їх подолання. Встановлено та досліджено причини негативного стану української економіки. Ідеться про тривалу економічну кризу, спричинену руйнуваннями, що їх здійснив російський режим; і про сповільнення ділової активності раніше – унаслідок пандемії COVID-19. Вагомими чинниками стали розбалансування національної фінансової системи (неконтрольоване зростання дефіциту бюджету, яке внаслідок воєнних дій перетнуло критичну межу), непрозорість та корупційні схеми в окремих галузях економіки, що призвели до значних фінансових махінацій, алогічність і непослідовність урядових реформ. Поруч із цими проблемами традиційними й складними для вирішення є такі виклики економічній безпеці, як застарілі технічна та матеріальна бази провідних галузей економіки, нестача інвестицій у новітні виробничі потужності, які б ураховували сучасні світові технологічні трансформації в енергетичній та біотехнологічній сферах. Актуальними загрозами лишаються недосконала законодавча база, яка потребує суттєвого оновлення, фрагментарність та недосконалість законів України в питаннях розвитку новочасних сфер економіки, екологічні проблеми, спричинені війною, складна демографічна ситуація в країні, «відтік мізків» тощо. У висновках підсумовано, що важливими шляхами для стабілізації складного становища є збільшення експорту та виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції, обґрунтована важливість військових замовлень для важкої промисловості України, та звернено увагу на потребу в реформуванні й удосконаленні законодавчих та діючих програмних документів, які регулюють фінансово-економічну діяльність (зокрема, Закону України «Про основи фінансової безпеки», «Стратегії економічної безпеки України на період до 2025 року» тощо).

Abstract Uterine fibroids (UF) is the most common (about 70% cases) type of gynecological disease, with the recurrence rate varying from 11 to 40%. Because UF has no distinct symptomatology and is often asymptomatic, the specific and sensitive diagnosis of UF as well as the assessment for the probability of UF recurrence pose considerable challenge. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in the lipid profile of tissues associated with the first-time diagnosed UF and recurrent uterine fibroids (RUF) and to explore the potential of mass spectrometry (MS) lipidomics analysis of blood plasma samples for the sensitive and specific determination of UF and RUF with low invasiveness of analysis. MS analysis of lipid levels in the myometrium tissues, fibroids tissues and blood plasma samples was carried out on 66 patients, including 35 patients with first-time diagnosed UF and 31 patients with RUF. The control group consisted of 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for the intrauterine septum. Fibroids and myometrium tissue samples were analyzed using direct MS approach. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography hyphened with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). MS data were processed by discriminant analysis with projection into latent structures (OPLS-DA). Significant differences were found between the first-time UF, RUF and control group in the levels of lipids involved in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, lipids with an ether bond, triglycerides and fatty acids. Significant differences between the control group and the groups with UF and RUF were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, (lyso) phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. Significant differences between the UF and RUF groups were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, phosphotidylcholines, sphingomyelins and triacylglycerols. Diagnostic models based on the selected differential lipids using logistic regression showed sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 86% for the diagnosis of first-time UF and 95% and 79% for RUF, accordingly. This study confirms the involvement of lipids in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. A diagnostically significant panel of differential lipid species has been identified for the diagnosis of UF and RUF by low-invasive blood plasma analysis. The developed diagnostic models demonstrated high potential for clinical use and further research in this direction.

Development as a continuous process should be carried out at all stages of the business cycle of an enterprise. Particular attention should be paid to the development at the downturn stages of the business cycle of the enterprise, in particular in the conditions of crisis in its activities. The focus of the article led to the need to disclose the content of the concepts of «crisis», «development», «sustainable development» and «sustainable development of the enterprise in a crisis». At the descending stages of the business cycle of the enterprise, its development should be fully controlled and carefully managed. To ensure control and manageability of the development of the enterprise in a crisis, an appropriate instrumentarium is needed, wherein the central place belongs to the anti-crisis scenarios of sustainable development and its key resources. Anti-crisis scenarios of sustainable development of the enterprise in a crisis are proposed to be developed on the basis of identified and assessed threats to its activities, taking into account the nature of threats, their interconnectedness and interdependence, as well as the stage of development of each of the threats. Because the implementation of threats to the enterprise’s activities can further aggravate its condition: crisis phenomena are transformed into a crisis situation, which, in turn, threatens to develop into a crisis state. In order to develop an anti-crisis scenario for the development of the enterprise in the situation of the probable simultaneous implementation of several threats to its activities, the use of the method of tuples is proposed. A general view of the tuple for the anti-crisis scenario is presented. The role of key resources in ensuring sustainable development of the enterprise in a crisis is disclosed. The problematic aspects of using key resources in ensuring sustainable development of the enterprise in a crisis are displayed.

The article provides a theoretical analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological principles of teaching dialogic speaking. The relevance of the study is related to the need for scientific development and implementation of a model related to teaching dialogic speaking, which will effectively develop quality skills and relevant competencies. The methodological basis for teaching dialogic speaking is the systemic dynamic unity of interconnected and interdependent situational semantic and linguistic characteristics of this form of speaking realised in the model. The article pays attention to the main provisions of the theory of verbal communication which are a real basis for building a system of situational teaching / learning of dialogic speaking within a single complex “situation – meaning – language”. The gradual approximating of educational situations to natural dialogue is based on a number of well-known didactic principles, the observance of which is considered by the author as an important component of the teaching / learning system. Theoretical analysis of the problem regarding classification of exercises for teaching dialogic speaking as the main element of the educational process has been carried out. Basing on the analysis, it has been determined that an exercise should comprise situational, semantic (meaning-centred) and linguistic characteristics of dialogic speech; whereas their systematic application, while being trained, should be aimed at mastering stylistically marked units alongside syntactic and lexical-syntactic phenomena typical for conversational style of dialogic speaking, as well as at practicing a set of operations of semantic order and operations related to the memory peculiarities. Taking into account all these aspects will allow building an effective model of teaching / learning, namely to clearly formulate the requirements to the main component of the education system, to select the most effective ones, as well as to integrate them into an overall model aimed at developing skills and abilities of dialogic foreign language speaking.

Purpose. The article is aimed to conduct a historical analysis of the development of analytical methods for standardizing the duration of shunting operations, as well as assessing their compliance with the existing operating conditions of railway transport. Methodology. The research in this article was carried out on the basis of an analysis of literary sources and methods of the theory of the organization of the operational work of railways. Findings. The standardization of the duration of shunting operations is one of the most important tasks of the theory of operational work of railways. The existing method of standardizing the duration of shunting operations developed in the first half of the 20th century and is used to this day. The performed analysis shows that the scientific principles underlying it generally correspond to the modern conditions of the railway transport. Additional research in this area can be associated with assessing the influence of the initial location of cars on the tracks on the average duration of shunting operations, taking into account the influence of length restrictions of the cars groups being moved, as well as monitoring the implementation of established norms by statistical methods. The article also shows that the values of modern time standards for shunting operations, in many cases, are set for technical means and technologies that were used in railway transport in the 50–70s of the 20th century and do not correspond to the operating conditions of real stations and sidings of industrial enterprises. Therefore, they require revision. Originality. In this paper, based on historical analysis, the process of development of methods for setting the time for shunting operations is described and the factors influencing the current value of norms are established. Practical value. The research results make it possible to identify the reasons for the discrepancy between the existing time standards for performing shunting operations and the real operating conditions of stations and sidings of industrial enterprises, as well as to establish the main elements of the methodology for standardizing the duration of shunting operations that require revision.

The development of spheres of the economy is significantly dependent on changes in the external environment. Increasing the production capacity of enterprises, expanding market opportunities, image positions are formed under the influence of a set of management decisions that is a response to certain changes in the environment. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and features of priority approaches to risk assessment in the activities of entities of the agricultural sector. It was proved that identifying effective alternatives is an advantage that allows you to get the planned results, minimize costs and limit the overuse of all types of resources. The effectiveness of analytical assessment can be ensured only under clearly defined conditions of partnership and levels of responsibility, a common goal, which is focused on the development of market eneteties. The supplement formed by the authors is related to possible solutions that can be aimed at bringing market enteties to bankruptcy or fictitious bankruptcy, that is, certain fraudulent actions. The making decisions should take into account all possible scenarios of events and risks. Risk assessment should be aimed at obtaining reliable information on the choice of alternative solutions, which will be focused on the timeliness and adequacy of the formation, adoption and adjustment of decisions taking into account the changing situation, its scale and complexity of practical solutions, threat prejudices. It is advisable to form an effective (adequate) risk management strategy that will ensure the achievement of goals. One of the important rules for organizing the management process should be to optimize the relationship between the level of risk and the possible results of themanagement decisionsimplementation, selected alternatives. The difference in risks in the areas of adjustment of management decisions depends on their scale, which determines the tools for implementing the selected alternatives. An important component of the effectiveness of the assessment is the correct analytical task, the choice of an effective research method and adequate to the situation (input conditions) management decision (management decisions). Analytical assessment and risk prediction in a global world cannot be limited territorially, the global world proves the need to adapt and adjust management decisions by market enteties in view of existing and potential hazards, including environmental ones.

The purpose of the paper is to identify the main prerequisites and ways of the medical reform in Ukraine under decentralization, and the emergency of fee-for-service medicine in particular. Methodology. The survey is based on the study of legally enforceable enactments which regulate medical sphere and the process of decentralization of power. Results. The article outlines the main prerequisites and ways to solve the issue of the implementation of medical reform in Ukraine under decentralization, including the emergence of fee-for-service-medicine. The problem related to health care reform in general in order to improve the availability and quality of health care have been identified. Statistical data on the main healthcare indicators in Ukraine have been presented. National healthcare accounts of Ukraine have been presented and healthcare expenditures per capita in other countries of the world has been demonstrated. Practical implications. The main steps that are necessary to undertake for implementing changes in the medical field have been determined in the article. They are the following: involvement of communities, development of social infrastructure, transportation of patients and women in labor to hospitals, involvement of social workers, support of medical institutions, and assistance by the communities in public control. It is determined that the biggest challenge for the medical sector is the reorientation to a new level of medical services. The main directions in medicine under decentralization on the implementation of material, organizational and financial conditions to provide local authorities with own and delegated powers have been emphasized. Value/originality. An approach to implementing medical reform that meets the needs of the community is developed and its essence has been explained. The complex of actions on introduction of medical reform under decentralization of the power, which has been explained as an increase in powers and financial possibilities of territorial communities has been generalized.

Assessments of the economic security of the State along with other components (for example, resources) are the basis for its provision, which determines the relevance of the assessment of the security of the country’s economy. In assessing the economic security of the State, the starting position is to understand the content of this category, which provides an answer to the question of what constitutes the economic security of the State. Further operationalization of the constructs of the selected approach to the interpretation of the content of the category of «economic security of the State» directly lays the foundations of the methodical base of its assessment. The most common in assessing the economic security of the State is the functional approach, which provides for the allocation of a number of components of economic security of the State, which, as a rule, is not specified in the attributes of determining the category of «economic security of the State». According to the analysis of the application of the functional approach in the assessment of the economic security of the State, contradictory aspects have been found, which are caused by the inconsistency of the main directions of assessment of the constructs of the category of «economic security of the State» (as a rule, the main directions of evaluation coincide with the results of the functioning of the national economy system). In order to overcome the identified contradictory aspects, the definition of the category «economic security of the State», consisting of three constructs, is suggested; in each case 5-6 primary quantitative indicators are selected for the operationalization of them. The assessment of the economic security of the State used temporal form of indicators, which has several undoubted advantages, which, in particular, include the receipt of assessments of changes in the economic security of the State during the analyzed period. The operationalization of the proposed construct approach to the assessment of the economic security of the State allows to obtain a quantitative dynamic assessment for each of its constructs, which are adequate to (correspond to) the selected definition of the content of the category «economic security of the State». The proposed construct approach to assessing the economic security of the State and its operationalization allow to avoid the primary indicators, necessary in the use of functional approach of rationing of the different in nature and dimension, their multiple convolution, which inevitably affects the quality of assessments of economic security of the State, because to some extent distorts and impersonates them.

The article provides a theoretical analysis of a situation as the basis for the emergence of semantic relationships of statements in a dialogue. Consideration of the situation and the specifics of its reflection in the semantic content of statements will allow establishing how a dialogue is governed by the situation. The relevance of the study is related to the need for scientific development and practical implementation of the system of teaching dialogic speech, which will effectively develop students’ quality skills to use living spoken language in practice. Speech activity is marked by important linguistic parameters. A person’s ability to perform speech activity is seen primarily as an opportunity to form statements that correspond to certain situations. The situation affects the structure of certain forms of oral speech, in particular its dialogic variety. Linguists consider the situation to be an extralinguistic factor of speech activity and an important element that significantly affects the speech structure. Psychologists treat the situation as one of the important criteria for studying the regularities of the forming and functioning of mental processes. The situation is traditionally considered at the level of functioning as well as a methodological category. There prevails an opinion that it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the features of the speech situation components on the basis of which scholars-practitioners single out the most typical and controlled ones in order to successfully apply them in foreign language teaching. The important methodological parameters obtained as a result will be the situational basis for building an effective model of foreign language teaching / learning.

The purpose of the paper is to define general trends and approaches to educational reform under the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of the development of the regulatory framework of Ukraine for reforming the education sector under the conditions of decentralization. Statistical data on the dynamics of change in the total number of education institutions are studied. The reasons for the decrease in the total number of secondary and vocational education institutions have been identified. The degree of financing of the education sector from the consolidated budget of Ukraine by levels of education is considered. Results. The article outlines general trends and approaches to educational reform under the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine. The problems of the decentralization process, which began in 2014, were emphasized, namely the regional development and unification of territorial communities, which influenced the dynamics of education institutions that gained more autonomy. The dynamics of the total number of education institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in terms of educational levels is presented. It is determined that the education sector in Ukraine is in transition, and an important component of this process is the correct choice of the vector of movement, taking into account the interests of all stakeholders. It is determined that the decentralization reform affects mechanisms of management in education. It is established that decentralization for higher education institutions should be considered as a means of forming managerial relations in the industry and joint responsibility for the management of the educational process. The experience of Great Britain and the European Union (Denmark, Spain, Poland, Romania, Finland, France) on improving the quality of educational services by strengthening the motivation of teachers using a differentiated payment system is studied and proposed to introduce into the Ukrainian education system. Practical implications. The possibility of introducing the process of educational / school clustering is considered. It is established that the introduction of decentralization opens the way to changes in creating favorable conditions for the emergence and implementation of intellectual needs of the individual. It is proved that the main task of the government in education in the conditions of decentralization is to coordinate the actions of government agencies, education institutions and the public in order to meet the personal needs of citizens and government demands for intellectual and professional enrichment. Value/originality. In the course of the research perspectives for development of education in Ukraine at the level of territorial communities, the process of formation of new opportunities in education for users of educational services is formed.

Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to study the development of methods for organizing car traffic volumes into trains at the railways of the Russian Empire and the USSR. Methodology. The studies were carried out based on an analysis of literary sources and methods of the theory of organization of operational work of railways. Findings. The methods for organizing car traffic volumes have gone a significant development path under the influence of changes in the working conditions of railway transport, the formation of control technology and mathematical methods of optimization. The emergence of scientific methods for organizing car traffic volumes in trains dates back to the times of the Russian Empire. A modern approach to the organization of car traffic volumes is based on the plan for the train formation, developed in the USSR in 1931–1945. The goal of the implementation of the train formation plan was to reduce railroad expenses for cargo transportations. The conditions for the implementation of this approach is that the railways are vertically integrated: they simultaneously operate the railway infrastructure, and are the carriers transporting goods in their cars, while there is no competition between the transport modes for freight traffic volumes. The formation of modern methods for solving the problem of organizing car traffic volumes was mainly performed in 1945–1952. The basis of these methods is the separation of the organization of car traffic volumes into separate subtasks and their sequential solution in a deterministic and static setting. In practice, the organization of car traffic volumes at the railways of the USSR was solved in the 1970–1980s using a computer. The transition of Ukraine to a market model of the economy has led to a significant change in the working conditions of railway transport, which requires a review of the principles of organizing car traffic volumes into trains. Originality. For the first time, based on a historical analysis of the development of methods for organizing car traffic volumes at the railways of the Russian Empire and the USSR, connections were established between the working conditions of railway transport and methods for organizing car traffic volumes into trains. Practical value lies in the fact that they indicate the need to change in Ukraine the organization of car traffic volumes in accordance with the current working conditions of railway transport and the chosen direction of reforming the railway transportation market.

The article is aimed at analyzing the positions of Ukraine’s investment potential in the world rankings and making recommendations to raise them. The analysis of the investment climate in Ukraine from the point of view of domestic investors and international rating organizations is carried out, allowing to organize the available potential and define the barriers that form its current status. It is noted that, despite the improvement of the investment climate over the past two years according to certain positions, the existing barriers, especially of economic, political and security nature, significantly hinder the development of investment activities. The existent opportunities are leveled by the current financial, political, ecological and man-made risks, and the instability of legislation and the unpredictable macroeconomic situation are holding back the start of the large-scale and long-term investment projects. Ukraine has significant resource potential and an extensive infrastructure network, and the factors of investment attractiveness from the point of view of foreign investors remain significant. However, the current tendencies characterized by inefficient and irresponsible use of natural resources have led to their gradual reduction together with environmental pollution, and the effective short-term investment policy does not contribute to an efficient reproduction of basic means of production and infrastructure.

O-Acyl substituted derivatives of 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolium chloride which is a structural analog of vitamin B1 were synthesized and evaluated towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in vitro. The inhibition properties of the O-substituted compounds depend on nature of substituents at position 3 and 5 of the thiazolium ring. Some of the thiazolium salts showed high potency in the inhibition of only one of the two enzymes. The selective effects of these inhibitors are governed by substituent at position 5. Kinetic studies and molecular docking simulation were performed for elucidating mechanisms of enzyme-inhibitor complex formation.