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2. Advanced network slicing and computational offloading for latency limited communications

Author

Kovacevic, I. (Ivana), Glisic, S. (Savo), Ylianttila, M. (Mika), and Harjula, E. (Erkki)

Subjects
viivekriittinen kommunikaatio, reinforcement learning, laskennan siirto, vahvistusoppiminen, network slicing, delay-critical communication, latenssirajoitettu tietoliikenne, edge computing, reunalaskenta, latency limited traffic, computational offloading, network optimization, verkon optimointi, verkon viipalointi
Abstract

A surge in diverse novel network services is being driven by the 4th Industrial revolution and by a number of new Internet of Things (IoT) use cases. With the emergence of 5G mobile broadband, Network Slicing (NS) has been recognized as a solution for service diversification. It enables network operators to create service-aware logical networks customized for different vertical industries, which have diverse requirements in terms of functionality, performance and resource separation. Provisioning of end-to-end delay-critical communication across multiple network domains is one of the key requirements for enabling future services. In addition, due to the decreasing size of end devices, a number of use cases depend on reliable and latency constrained computational offloading. The extension of the cloud computing concept into edge computing, located in the access network, is another key technological trend that enables reductions in latency, costs, and security risks. This thesis proposes novel resource allocation mechanisms for network traffic with strict latency limitations. First, a multi-domain network slicing framework is designed, based on a novel multipath multihop delay model. This framework encompasses a novel hierarchical orchestration mechanism and a mechanism for dynamic slice resizing. Next, the problem of latency limited on-demand computational tasks offloading to Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) and cloud servers is considered. The offloading decision and resource allocation problem is formulated as a joint optimization of communication and computation resources. Then, low complexity heuristic algorithms are proposed with the aim to minimize the total resource consumption of the system. Optimal solution-based, reinforcement learning-based resource allocation algorithms are proposed to efficiently handle latency limited tasks and tasks with extremely low latency requirements. Finally, an algorithm placement strategy for delay-critical continuous IoT data stream processing is proposed as well as a nanoservice orchestration framework for local edge computing. Presented numerical analysis results demonstrate the feasibility and high efficiency of the proposed solutions. Tiivistelmä Neljäs teollinen vallankumous ja uudet esineiden internetin (IoT) käyttötapaukset luovat tarvetta uusille verkkoteknologioille ja verkon palveluille. 5G-mobiililaajakaista-palvelujen kehittämisessä verkkojen viipalointi on tunnistettu ratkaisuna palvelujen monipuolistamiseen. Sitä hyödyntäen verkko-operaattorit voivat luoda palvelutietoisia loogisia verkkoja, jotka ovat räätälöity eri vertikaalisille toimialoille, ja joilla on erilaiset vaatimukset toimivuuden, suorituskyvyn ja resurssien erottelun suhteen. Päästä päähän -viivekriittisen viestinnän tarjoaminen useiden verkkoalueiden välillä on yksi keskeisistä vaatimuksista tulevien palvelujen mahdollistamiseksi. Lisäksi päätelaitteiden pienenevän koon vuoksi useat käyttötapaukset riippuvat luotettavasta ja latenssirajoitteisesta laskennan siirrosta hyödyntämällä reunalaskentaa. Pilvilaskentakonseptin laajentaminen liityntäverkossa sijaitsevaan reunalaskentaan on toinen keskeinen teknologinen trendi, joka mahdollistaa viiveen, kustannusten ja tietoturvariskien vähentämisen. Tässä väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan uusia resurssien allokointimekanismeja verkkoliikenteelle, jossa on tiukat viiverajoitukset. Työssä on kehitetty ensin monitoimialueen verkon viipalointiviitekehys, joka perustuu uuteen monitie-monihyppy-viivemalliin. Tämä viitekehys sisältää uuden hierarkkisen orkestrointimekanismin ja mekanismin dynaamiseen viipaleiden koon muuttamiseen. Seuraavaksi työssä on tarkasteltu ongelmaa, joka liittyy rajoitettujen tilausperusteisten laskentatehtävien siirtämisen reunalaskenta- ja pilvipalvelimille. Laskennan siirtoon ja resurssien allokointiin liittyvä optimointiongelma on formuloitu viestintä- ja laskentaresurssien samanaikaista optimointia varten. Seuraavaksi työssä on tutkittu epäkompleksisia heuristisia algoritmeja, joiden tavoitteena on minimoida järjestelmän kokonaisresurssien kulutus. Työssä ehdotetaan ratkaisupohjaisia ja vahvistusoppimiseen perustuvia resurssien allokointialgoritmeja käsittelemään tehtäviä, joilla on erittäin tiukat viivevaatimukset. Lopuksi työssä analysoidaan strategiaa algoritmien sijoittamiseen viivekriittiseen jatkuvaan IoT-datavirran käsittelyssä, sekä reunalaskennan orkestrointiviitekehys palveluiden optimaaliseen sijoittamiseen paikallisessa verkossa. Esitetyt numeeriset analyysitulokset osoittavat ehdotettujen ratkaisujen toteutettavuuden ja korkean tehokkuuden.

Published
2023

5. Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–Free surgical pathways during the SARS-cov-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

Author

James C Glasbey, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Omar Omar, Elizabeth Li, Mary L Venn, Mohammad Abou Chaar, Vita Capizzi, Daoud Chaudhry, Anant Desai, Jonathan G Edwards, Jonathan P Evans, Marco Fiore, Jose Flavio Videria, Samuel J Ford, Ian Ganyli, Ewen A Griffiths, Rohan R Gujjuri, Angelos G Kolias, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Siobhan C McKay, Helen M Mohan, Keith Roberts, Carlos San Miguel-Méndez, Peter Pockney, Richard Shaw, Neil J Smart, Grant D Stewart, Sudha Sundar, Raghavan Vidya, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Omar Omar, Aneel A Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana Ff Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard Jw Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Neil J Smart, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran, Ewen A Griffiths, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard Pt Evans, Philip Townend, Keith Roberts, Siobhan McKay, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi, John Edwards, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli, Samuel Ford, Anant Desai, Alessandro Gronchi, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra, Angelos Kolias, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri, Richard Shaw, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly, Raghavan Vidya, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil, Sudha Sundar, Christina Fotopoulou, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, T S Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara, Grant D Stewart, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte, Joana Ff Simoes, Tom Ef Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna GrÜndl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, C Allemand, L Boccalatte, M Figari, M Lamm, J Larrañaga, C Marchitelli, F Noll, D Odetto, M Perrotta, J Saadi, L Zamora, C Alurralde, E L Caram, D Eskinazi, J P Mendoza, M Usandivaras, R Badra, A Esteban, J S García, P M García, J I Gerchunoff, S M Lucchini, M A NIgra, L Vargas, T Hovhannisyan, A Stepanyan, T Gould, R Gourlay, B Griffiths, S Gananadha, M McLaren, J Cecire, N Joshi, S Salindera, A Sutherland, J H Ahn, G Charlton, S Chen, N Gauri, R Hayhurst, S Jang, F Jia, C Mulligan, W Yang, G Ye, H Zhang, M Ballal, D Gibson, D Hayne, J Moss, T Richards, P Viswambaram, U G Vo, J Bennetts, T Bright, M Brooke-Smith, R Fong, B Gricks, Y H Lam, B S Ong, M Szpytma, D Watson, K Bagraith, S Caird, E Chan, C Dawson, D Ho, E Jeyarajan, S Jordan, A Lim, G J Nolan, A Oar, D Parker, H Puhalla, A Quennell, L Rutherford, P Townend, M Von Papen, M Wullschleger, A Blatt, D Cope, N Egoroff, M Fenton, J Gani, N Lott, P Pockney, N Shugg, M Elliott, D Phung, D Phan, D Townend, C Bong, J Gundara, A Frankel, S Bowman, G R Guerra, J Bolt, K Buddingh, N N Dudi-Venkata, S Jog, H M Kroon, T Sammour, R Smith, C Stranz, M Batstone, K Lah, W McGahan, D Mitchell, A Morton, A Pearce, M Roberts, G Sheahan, B Swinson, N Alam, S Banting, L Chong, P Choong, S Clatworthy, D Foley, A Fox, M W Hii, B Knowles, J Mack, M Read, A Rowcroft, S Ward, G Wright, M Lanner, I Königsrainer, M Bauer, C Freyschlag, M Kafka, F Messner, D Öfner, I Tsibulak, K Emmanuel, M Grechenig, R Gruber, M Harald, L Öhlberger, J Presl, A Wimmer, I Namazov, E Samadov, D Barker, R Boyce, S Corbin, A Doyle, A Eastmond, R Gill, A Haynes, S Millar, M O'Shea, G Padmore, N Paquette, E Phillips, S St John, K Walkes, N Flamey, P Pattyn, W Oosterlinck, J Van den Eynde, R Van den Eynde, A Gatti, C Nardi, R Oliva, R De Cicco, I Cecconello, P Gregorio, L Pontual Lima, U Ribeiro Junior, F Takeda, R M Terra, M Sokolov, B Kidane, S Srinathan, M Boutros, N Caminsky, G Ghitulescu, G Jamjoum, J Moon, J Pelletier, T Vanounou, S Wong, M Boutros, S Dumitra, A Kouyoumdjian, B Johnston, C Russell, M Boutros, S Demyttenaere, R Garfinkle, J Abou-Khalil, C Nessim, J Stevenson, F Heredia, A Almeciga, A Fletcher, A Merchan, L O Puentes, J Mendoza Quevedo, G Bacic, D Karlovic, D Krsul, M Zelic, I Luksic, M Mamic, B Bakmaz, I Coza, E Dijan, Z Katusic, J Mihanovic, I Rakvin, K Frantzeskou, N Gouvas, G Kokkinos, P Papatheodorou, I Pozotou, O Stavrinidou, A Yiallourou, L Martinek, M Skrovina, I Szubota, J Žatecký, V Javurkova, J Klat, T Avlund, P Christensen, J L Harbjerg, L H Iversen, D W Kjaer, Hø Kristensen, M Mekhael, A L Ebbehøj, P Krarup, N Schlesinger, H Smith, A Abdelsamed, A Y Azzam, H Salem, A Seleim, A Abdelmajeed, M Abdou, N E Abosamak, M Al Sayed, F Ashoush, R Atta, E Elazzazy, M Elhoseiny, M Elnemr, M S Elqasabi, M E Elsayed Hewalla, I Elsherbini, E Essam, M Eweda, I Ghallab, E Hassan, M Ibrahim, M Metwalli, M Mourad, M S Qatora, M Ragab, A Sabry, H Saifeldin, M Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas, A Samih, A Samir Abdelaal, S Shehata, K Shenit, D Attia, N Kamal, N Osman, A M Abbas, Has Abd Elazeem, M M Abdelkarem, S Alaa, A K Ali, A Ayman, M G Azizeldine, H Elkhayat, S M Elghazaly, F A Monib, M A Nageh, M M Saad, M Salah, M Shahine, E A Yousof, A Youssef, A Eldaly, M ElFiky, A Nabil, G Amira, I Sallam, M Sherief, A Sherif, A Abdelrahman, H Aboulkassem, G Ghaly, R Hamdy, A Morsi, H Salem, G Sherif, H Abdeldayem, I Abdelkader Salama, M Balabel, Y Fayed, A E Sherif, D Bekele, J Kauppila, E Sarjanoja, O Helminen, H Huhta, J H Kauppila, C Beyrne, L Jouffret, L Lugans, L Marie-Macron, E Chouillard, B De Simone, J Bettoni, S Dakpé, B Devauchelle, N Lavagen, S Testelin, S Boucher, R Breheret, A Gueutier, A Kahn, J KÜn-Darbois, A Barrabe, Z Lakkis, A Louvrier, S Manfredelli, P Mathieu, A Chebaro, V Drubay, M El Amrani, C Eveno, K Lecolle, G Legault, L Martin, G Piessen, F R Pruvot, S Truant, P Zerbib, Q Ballouhey, B Barrat, J Laloze, H Salle, A Taibi, J Usseglio, D Bergeat, A Merdrignac, Roy B Le, L O Perotto, A Scalabre, A Aimé, A Ezanno, B Malgras, P Bouche, S Tzedakis, E Cotte, O Glehen, V Kepenekian, J Lifante, G Passot, A D'Urso, E Felli, D Mutter, P Pessaux, B Seeliger, J Bardet, R Berry, G Boddaert, S Bonnet, E Brian, C Denet, D Fuks, D Gossot, M Grigoroiu, A Laforest, Y Levy-Zauberman, C Louis-Sylvestre, A Moumen, G Pourcher, A Seguin-Givelet, E Tribillon, E Duchalais, F Espitalier, C Ferron, O Malard, U Bork, M Distler, J Fritzmann, J Kirchberg, C Praetorius, C Riediger, J Weitz, T Welsch, P Wimberger, K Beyer, C Kamphues, J Lauscher, F N Loch, C Schineis, M Albertsmeier, M Angele, A Kappenberger, H Niess, T Schiergens, J Werner, R Becker, J Jonescheit, I Pergolini, D Reim, C Boeker, I Hakami, J Mall, P Liokatis, W Smolka, K Nowak, T Reinhard, F Hölzle, A Modabber, P Winnand, M Knitschke, P Kauffmann, S Wolfer, J Kleeff, K Lorenz, C Michalski, U Ronellenfitsch, R Schneider, E Bertolani, A Königsrainer, M W Löffler, M Quante, C Steidle, L ÜberrÜck, C Yurttas, C S Betz, J Bewarder, A Böttcher, S Burg, C Busch, M Gosau, A Heuer, J Izbicki, T O Klatte, D Koenig, N Moeckelmann, C Nitschke, M Priemel, R Smeets, U Speth, S Thole, F G Uzunoglu, T Vollkommer, N Zeller, M J Battista, K Gillen, A Hasenburg, S Krajnak, V Linz, R Schwab, K Angelou, D Haidopoulos, A Rodolakis, P Antonakis, K Bramis, L Chardalias, I Contis, N Dafnios, D Dellaportas, G Fragulidis, A Gklavas, M Konstadoulakis, N Memos, I Papaconstantinou, A Polydorou, T Theodosopoulos, A Vezakis, M I Antonopoulou, D K Manatakis, N Tasis, N Arkadopoulos, N Danias, P Economopoulou, P Kokoropoulos, A Larentzakis, N Michalopoulos, J Selmani, T Sidiropoulos, V Tsaousis, P Vassiliu, K Bouchagier, S Klimopoulos, D Paspaliari, G Stylianidis, K Baxevanidou, K Bouliaris, P Chatzikomnitsa, M Efthimiou, A Giaglaras, C Kalfountzos, G Koukoulis, A M Ntziovara, K Petropoulos, K Soulikia, I Tsiamalou, K Zervas, S Zourntou, I Baloyiannis, A Diamantis, E Gkrinia, J Hajiioannou, C Korais, O Koukoura, K Perivoliotis, A Saratziotis, C Skoulakis, D Symeonidis, K Tepetes, G Tzovaras, D Zacharoulis, V Alexoudi, K Antoniades, I Astreidis, P Christidis, D Deligiannidis, T Grivas, O Ioannidis, I Kalaitsidou, L Loutzidou, A Mantevas, D Michailidou, K Paraskevopoulos, S Politis, A Stavroglou, D Tatsis, I Tilaveridis, K Vahtsevanos, G Venetis, I Karaitianos, T Tsirlis, A Charalabopoulos, T Liakakos, E Mpaili, D Schizas, E Spartalis, A Syllaios, C Zografos, C Anthoulakis, C Christou, V Papadopoulos, A Tooulias, D Tsolakidis, G Tsoulfas, D Zouzoulas, E Athanasakis, E Chrysos, J Tsiaoussis, S Xenaki, E Xynos, K Futaba, M F Ho, S F Hon, Twc Mak, Ssm Ng, C C Foo, B Banky, N Suszták, M Aremu, A Canas-Martinez, O Cullivan, C Murphy, P Owens, L Pickett, L Akmenkalne, J Byrne, M Corrigan, C Cullinane, A Daly, C Fleming, P Jordan, S Killeen, N Lynch, A McCarthy, H Mustafa, S O'Brien, P O'Leary, Was Syed, L Vernon, D Callanan, L Huang, A Ionescu, P Sheahan, I Balasubramanian, M Boland, K Conlon, D Evoy, N Fearon, T Gallagher, J Geraghty, H Heneghan, N Kennedy, D Maguire, D McCartan, E W McDermott, R S Prichard, D Winter, D Alazawi, C Barry, T Boyle, W Butt, E M Connolly, N Donlon, C Donohue, B A Fahey, R Farrell, C Fitzgerald, J Kinsella, J O Larkin, P Lennon, P J Maguire, P Mccormick, B J Mehigan, H Mohan, T Nugent, H O'Sullivan, N Ravi, J V Reynolds, A Rogers, P Shokuhi, J Smith, L A Smith, C Timon, Y Bashir, G Bass, T Connelly, B Creavin, H Earley, J A Elliott, A Gillis, D Kavanagh, P Neary, J O'riordan, I S Reynolds, D Rice, P Ridgway, M Umair, M Whelan, P Carroll, C Collins, K Corless, L Finnegan, A Fowler, A Hogan, M Kerin, A Lowery, P McAnena, K McKevitt, K Nizami, É Ryan, A Samy, J C Coffey, R Cunningham, M Devine, D Nally, C Peirce, S Tormey, N Hardy, P Neary, S O'Malley, M Ryan, S Macina, N M Mariani, E Opocher, A Pisani Ceretti, F Ferrari, F Odicino, E Sartori, C Cotsoglou, S Granieri, F Bianco, A Camillo, M Colledan, S Tornese, M F Zambelli, G Bissolotti, S Fusetti, F Lemma, M V Marino, A Mirabella, G Vaccarella, C Agostini, G Alemanno, I Bartolini, C Bergamini, A Bruscino, C Checcucci, R De Vincenti, A Di Bella, M Fambrini, L Fortuna, G Maltinti, P Muiesan, F Petraglia, P Prosperi, M N Ringressi, M Risaliti, F Sorbi, A Taddei, R Tucci, C Bassi, L Bortolasi, T Campagnaro, L Casetti, M De Pastena, A Esposito, M Fontana, A Guglielmi, L Landoni, G Malleo, G Marchegiani, S Nobile, S Paiella, C Pedrazzani, S Rattizzato, A Ruzzenente, R Salvia, G Turri, M Tuveri, P Bellora, G D'Aloisio, M Ferrari, E Francone, S Gentilli, H Nikaj, M Bianchini, M Chiarugi, F Coccolini, G Di Franco, N Furbetta, D Gianardi, S Guadagni, L Morelli, M Palmeri, D Tartaglia, G Anania, P Carcoforo, M Chiozza, A De Troia, M Koleva Radica, M Portinari, M G Sibilla, A Urbani, N Fabbri, C V Feo, S Gennari, S Parini, E Righini, L Ampollini, L Bellanti, M Bergonzani, G Bertoli, G Bocchialini, G D'Angelo, D Lanfranco, L Musini, T Poli, G P Santoro, A Varazzani, L Aguzzoli, G Borgonovo, C Castro Ruiz, S Coiro, G Falco, V D Mandato, V Mastrofilippo, M T Montella, V Annessi, M Zizzo, U Grossi, S Novello, M Romano, S Rossi, G Zanus, G Esposito, F Frongia, A Pisanu, M Podda, C Belluco, A Lauretta, G Montori, L Moras, M Olivieri, F Bussu, A G Carta, M L Cossu, P Cottu, A Fancellu, C F Feo, G C Ginesu, G Giuliani, M Madonia, T Perra, A Piras, A Porcu, D Rizzo, A M Scanu, A Tedde, M Tedde, P Delrio, D Rega, G Badalamenti, G Campisi, A Cordova, M Franza, G Maniaci, G Rinaldi, F Toia, M Calabrò, F Farnesi, E G Lunghi, A Muratore, N S Pipitone Federico, F Bàmbina, G D'Andrea, P Familiari, V Picotti, G De Palma, G Luglio, G Pagano, F P Tropeano, L Baldari, G A Beltramini, L Boni, E Cassinotti, A Gianni, L Pignataro, S Torretta, C Abatini, M Baia, D Biasoni, G Bogani, P Cadenelli, V Capizzi, Spb Cioffi, D Citterio, L V Comini, M Cosimelli, M Fiore, S Folli, M Gennaro, L Giannini, A Gronchi, M Guaglio, A Macchi, F Martinelli, V Mazzaferro, A Mosca, S Pasquali, C Piazza, F Raspagliesi, L Rolli, R Salvioni, G Sarpietro, C Sarre, L Sorrentino, A Agnes, S Alfieri, F Belia, A Biondi, V Cozza, A D'Amore, D D'Ugo, V De Simone, A Fagotti, G Gasparini, L Gordini, F Litta, C P Lombardi, L Lorenzon, A A Marra, F Marzi, A Moro, A Parello, E Perrone, R Persiani, C Ratto, F Rosa, G Saponaro, G Scambia, O Scrima, G Sganga, R Tudisco, A Belli, V Granata, F Izzo, R Palaia, R Patrone, F M Carrano, M M Carvello, A De Virgilio, F Di Candido, F Ferreli, F Gaino, G Mercante, V Rossi, A Spinelli, G Spriano, D M Donati, T Frisoni, E Palmerini, A Aprile, F Barra, P Batistotti, S Ferrero, P Fregatti, S Scabini, M Sparavigna, E Asti, D Bernardi, L Bonavina, A Lovece, L Adamoli, M Ansarin, S Cenciarelli, F Chu, R De Berardinis, U Fumagalli Romario, F Mastrilli, G Pietrobon, M Tagliabue, E Badellino, A Ferrero, R Massobrio, A De Manzoni Garberini, P Federico, P Maida, E Marra, G Marte, A Petrillo, T Tammaro, A Tufo, M Berselli, G Borroni, E Cocozza, L Conti, M Desio, L Livraghi, V Quintodei, A Rizzi, A Zullo, C Baldi, C Corbellini, G M Sampietro, P Cellerino, E Baldini, P Capelli, L Conti, S M Isolani, M Ribolla, A Bondurri, F Colombo, L Ferrario, C Guerci, A Maffioli, T Armao, M Ballabio, P Bisagni, A Gagliano, M Longhi, M Madonini, P PizziCni, A M 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Fernandez, R Caiña Ruiz, M Gomez Ruiz, F Hernanz, J Jimeno Fraile, P Martínez-Pérez, C Poch, S Santarrufina Martinez, V Valbuena Jabares, C Moliner-Sánchez, L Pingarron-Martin, J Rey-Biel, I Ruiz Martin, J L Blas Laina, B Cros, J Escartin, J Garcia Egea, A Nogués, I Talal El-Abur, C Yánez, E P Cagigal Ortega, I Cervera, P Díaz Peña, Gdcr Elena, D Enjuto, P Fernández Bernabé, R Garcés García, J Gonzalez, I Hernández, N Herrera-Merino, M Marqueta De Salas, P Martinez Pascual, M Perez Gonzalez, A Ramos Bonilla, L Rodríguez Gómez, C Bescós, R Blanco-Colino, I Brana, B Caimari, A De Pablo García-Cuenca, F Duran-Valles, E Espin-Basany, J Giralt Lóez de Sagredo, J Pamias, G Pellino, N Prat, R Pujol Pina, M Saez Barba, A Arulanantham, Gbk Bandara, U Jayarajah, S Ravindrakumar, V S Rodrigo, S Srishankar, A A Ali Karar, P Elbe, E K Lindqvist, H Taflin, A Älgå, G Heinius, M Nordberg, E Pieniowski, I Gkekas, N Löfgren, M Rutegård, M Sund, M Arigoni, M Bernasconi, D Christoforidis, M Di Giuseppe, D La Regina, F Mongelli, M Chevallay, O Dwidar, E Gialamas, M Sauvain, F Klenke, A Kollàr, C Kurze, M Adamina, T Bächler, A S Crugnale, M Giardini, L Guglielmetti, G Peros, F Solimene, A Aghayeva, I Hamzaoglu, I Sahin, E Akaydin, Z Aliyeva, E Aytac, B Baca, O DÜlgeroğlu, V Ozben, B B Ozmen, C Uras, A E Arikan, I A Bilgin, B Bozkirli, G O Ceyhan, H Kara, T Karahasanoglu, C Uras, H Celik, M M Meydanli, H Akilli, A Ayhan, E Kuscu, M A Onan, U Akgor, H A Dincer, T Erol, M Gultekin, N Orhan, N Ozgul, M C Salman, B Soyak, A Alhamed, S ErgÜn, M F OZcelik, A N Sanli, S S Uludag, M Velidedeoglu, A K Zengin, M A Bozkurt, Y Kara, A Kocatas, B Cimenoglu, R Demirhan, K Saracoglu, I F Azamat, E Balik, D Bugra, B Giray, C B Kulle, C Taskiran, D Vatansever, K Gözal, S A GÜler, H Köken, O C Tatar, N Z Utkan, A Yildirim, E YÜksel, E Akin, F Altintoprak, Z Bayhan, G Cakmak, R Çapoglu, F Çelebi, H Demir, E Dikicier, N Firat, E GönÜllÜ, M B Kamburoglu, B Kocer, I F KÜçÜk, B Mantoglu, E Çolak, G O Kucuk, M S Uyanik, B Göksoy, E Bozkurt, B Citgez, M Mihmanli, M Tanal, G Yetkin, M Akalin, C Arican, E K Avci, C Aydin, S Demirli Atici, M Emiroglu, T Kaya, E Kebabçi, G Kilinc, Y Kirmizi, H Ogucu, S Salimoglu, I Sert, C Tugmen, K Tuncer, G Uslu, D Yesilyurt, E Karaman, A Kolusari, A Yildiz, O Benson, H Lule, J Agilinko, A Ahmeidat, M Barabasz, M Bekheit, L K Cheung, T Colloc, W Cymes, M Elhusseini, G Gradinariu, A Hannah, B S Kamera, G Mignot, S Shaikh, P Sharma, I Abu-Nayla, A Agrawal, A Al-Mohammad, S Ali, J Ashcroft, A Azizi, O Baker, A Balakrishnan, M Byrne, A Colquhoun, A Cotter, P Coughlin, R J Davies, A Durrani, M Elshaer, S Fordington, P Forouhi, F Georgiades, H Grimes, A Habeeb, V Hudson, P Hutchinson, E Irune, A Jah, D Z Khan, A Kolias, H Kyriacou, B Lamb, S Liau, L Luke, R Mahmoud, R Mannion, L Masterson, C G Mitrofan, M Mohan, A Morris, S Murphy, R O'Neill, S Price, J Pushpa-Rajah, W Raby-Smith, J Ramzi, S Rooney, T Santarius, A Singh, G D Stewart, X S Tan, A Townson, E Tweedle, C Walker, S Waseem, S Yordanov, T Jones, A Kattakayam, C Loh, R Lunevicius, S Pringle, A Schache, R Shaw, A Sheel, C Rossborough, D Angelou, M Choynowski, B McAree, A McCanny, D Neely, G Tutoveanu, S Ahad, Mfi De La Cruz Monroy, F Mosley, V Oktseloglou, A Alanbuki, M Patel, A Shabana, E Perera, D Raveendran, K Ravi-Shankar, J Thiruchelvam, L Arrowsmith, W Campbell, T Grove, C Kontovounisios, O Warren, P Rolland, A Aggarwal, S Brown, C Jelley, N Neal, R Clifford, N Eardley, E Krishnan, N Manu, E Martin, S Roy Mahapatra, O L Serevina, C Smith, D Vimalachandran, M Bordenave, R Houston, G Putnam, A Robson, H Tustin, K Emslie, P L Labib, A Marchbank, D Miller, G Minto, J Natale, H Nwinee, P Panahi, L Rogers, A Abubakar, M M Akhter Rahman, E Chan, Kyk Ko, H O'Brien, K Sasapu, H Woodun, R Inglis, H J Ng, A De Gea Rico, N Ghazali, J Lambert, G Markose, S Math, I Sarantitis, D Shrestha, A Sultana, M Taggarsi, S Timbrell, O P Vaz, L Vitone, A Day, H Dent, M Fahim, S Waheed, A Hunt, N Laskar, A Gupta, J Steinke, S Thrumurthy, E Massie, K McGivern, D Rutherford, M Wilson, J Hardie, S Kazzaz, S Handa, M Kaushal, A Kler, P Patel, J Redfern, S Tezas, Y Aawsaj, S Amonkar, C Barry, L Blackwell, D Blake, J Carter, H Emerson, A Fisher, M Katory, P Korompelis, W McCormick, A Mustafa, L Pearce, N Ratnavelu, R Reehal, L Kretzmer, L Lalou, B Manku, I Parwaiz, J Stafford, M Abdelkarim, A Asqalan, T Gala, S Ibrahim, A Maw, R Mithany, R Morgan, G Sundaram Venkatesan, K Ang, E J Caruana, M F Chowdhry, A Mohammad, A Nakas, S Rathinam, M Boal, O Brown, S Dwerryhouse, S Higgs, A Vallance, E Boyd, V Irvine, A Kirk, G Bakolas, A Boulton, A Chandock, T Khan, M Kumar, P Agoston, A Bille, B Challacombe, S Fraser, K Harrison-Phipps, J King, G Mehra, L Mills, M Najdy, R Nath, L Okiror, J Pilling, V Rizzo, T Routledge, A Sayasneh, L Stroman, A Wali, M Fehervari, C Fotopoulou, N Habib, S Hamrang-Yousefi, Z Jawad, L Jiao, M Pai, J Ploski, P Rajagopal, S Saso, M Sodergren, D Spalding, S Laws, C Hardie, C McNaught, R Alam, A Budacan, J Cahill, M Kalkat, S Karandikar, L Kenyon, D Naumann, A Patel, J Ayorinde, T Chase, T Cuming, A Ghanbari, L Humphreys, S Tayeh, A Aboelkassem Ibrahim, R Bichoo, H Cao, Akw Chai, J Choudhury, C Evans, H Fitzjohn, H Ikram, M Langstroth, M Loubani, A McMillan, S Nazir, Ssa Qadri, A Robinson, E Ross, T Sehgal, A Wilkins, J Dixon, J Dunning, K Freystaetter, M Jha, S Lester, A Madhavan, S V Thulasiraman, Y Viswanath, T Curl-Roper, C Delimpalta, Ccl Liao, V Velchuru, E Westwood, E Belcher, G Bond-Smith, S Chidambaram, F Di Chiara, K Fasanmade, L Fraser, H Fu, M Ganau, S Gore, J Graystone, D Jeyaretna, H Khatkar, M Lami, M Maher, S Mastoridis, R Mihai, R Piper, S Prabhu, Obf Risk, U Selbong, K Shah, R Smillie, H Soleymani Majd, S Sravanam, D Stavroulias, G D Tebala, M Vatish, C Verberne, K Wallwork, S Winter, M I Bhatti, H Boyd-Carson, E Elsey, E Gemmill, P Herrod, M Jibreel, E Lenzi, T Saafan, D Sapre, T Sian, N Watson, A Athanasiou, G Bourke, L Bradshaw, A Brunelli, J Burke, P Coe, F Costigan, H Elkadi, M Ho, J Johnstone, A Kanatas, V Kantola, A Kaufmann, A Laios, S Lam, E MacInnes, S Munot, C Nahm, M Otify, C Pompili, I Smith, G Theophilou, G Toogood, R Wade, D Ward, C West, S Annamalai, C Ashmore, A Boddy, T Hossain, A Kourdouli, A Gvaramadze, A Jibril, L Prusty, D Thekkinkattil, A Harky, M Shackcloth, A Askari, C Chan, N Cirocchi, S Kudchadkar, K Patel, J Sagar, S Shaw, R Talwar, M Abdalla, R Edmondson, O Ismail, D Jones, K Newton, N Stylianides, A Aderombi, U Andaleeb, O Bajomo, K Beatson, W Garrett, M Mehmood, V Ng, R Al-Habsi, G S Divya, B Keeler, B Al-Sarireh, R Egan, R Harries, A Henry, M Kittur, Z Li, K Parkins, F Soliman, N Spencer, D Thompson, C Burgess, C Gemmell, C Grieco, M Hollyman, L Hunt, J Morrison, S Ojha, N Ryan, F Abbadessa, S Barnard, C Chan, N Dawe, J Hammond, Ali F Mahmoud, I McPherson, C Mellor, J Moir, S Pandanaboyana, J Powell, B Rai, A Rogers, C Roy, A Sachdeva, C Saleh, S Tingle, T Williams, J Manickavasagam, C McDonald, N McGrath, N McSorley, K Ragupathy, L Ramsay, A Solth, O Kakisi, K Seebah, I Shaikh, L Sreedharan, M Youssef, J Shah, P Ameerally, N McLarty, S Mills, A Shenfine, K Sahnan, J Abu, E Addae-Boateng, D Bratt, L Brock, N Burnside, S Cadwell-Sneath, K Gajjar, C Gan, C Grundy, K Hallam, K Hassell, M Hawari, A Joshi, H Khout, K Konstantinidi, Rxn Lee, D Nunns, R Schiemer, T Walton, H Weaver, L Whisker, K Williamson, J McVeigh, R Myatt, M A Williams, R Kaur, E Leung, S Sundar, M Michel, S Patil, S Ravindran, J Sarveswaran, L Scott, M Edmond, E King, M Almond, A Bhangu, O Breik, L D Cato, A Desai, S Ford, E Griffiths, M Idle, M Kamal, A Kisiel, R Kulkarni, Jkc Mak, T Martin, P Nankivell, A Parente, S Parmar, A M Pathanki, L Phelan, P Praveen, S Saeed, N Sharma, J Singh, F Tirotta, D Vijayan, A Geddes, J McCaul, J McMahon, A H Khan, F Khan, A Mansuri, S Mukherjee, M Patel, M Sarigul, S Singh, K L Tan, A Woodham, A Adiamah, H Brewer, A Chowdhury, J Evans, D Humes, J Jackman, A Koh, C Lewis-Lloyd, O Oyende, J Reilly, D Worku, P Cool, G Cribb, K Shepherd, C Bisset, S Moug, N Elson, G Faulkner, P Saleh, C Underwood, G Brixton, L Findlay, T Klatte, A Majkowska, J Manson, R Potter, A Bhalla, Z Chia, P Daliya, A Goyal, E Grimley, A Hamad, A Kumar, F L Malcolm, E Theophilidou, J Bowden, N Campain, I Daniels, C Evans, G Fowler, J John, L Massey, F McDermott, J McGrath, A McLennan, M Ng, J Pascoe, N Rajaretnam, S Bulathsinhala, B Davidson, G Fusai, C Hidalgo Salinas, N Machairas, T Pissanou, J M Pollok, D A Raptis, F Soggiu, H Tzerbinis, S E Xyda, A Beamish, E Davies, R Foulkes, D Magowan, H Nassa, R Ooi, C Price, L Smith, F Solari, A Tang, G Williams, Y Al-Tamimi, A Bacon, N Beasley, D Chew, M Crank, N Ilenkovan, M Macdonald, B Narice, O Rominiyi, A Thompson, I Varley, T Drake, E Harrison, G Linder, J Mayes, R McGregor, R Skipworth, V Zamvar, E Davies, P Hawkin, T Raymond, O Ryska, R Baron, D Dunne, S Gahunia, C Halloran, N Howes, R McKinney, F McNicol, J Russ, P Szatmary, J R Tan, A Thomas, P Whelan, A Anzak, A Banerjee, O Fuwa, F Hughes, J D Jayasinghe, C Knowles, H Kocher, I Leal Silva, F S Ledesma, A Minicozzi, L Navaratne, R Rahman, R Ramamoorthy, C Sohrabi, M Thaha, B Thakur, M Venn, V Yip, R Baumber, J Parry, S Evans, L Jeys, G Morris, M Parry, J Stevenson, N Ahmadi, G Aresu, Z M Barrett-Brown, A S Coonar, H Durio Yates, D Gearon, J Hogan, M King, A Peryt, I S Pradeep, C Smith, M Adishesh, R Atherton, K Baxter, M Brocklehurst, M Chaudhury, N Krishnamohan, J McAleer, G Owens, E Parkin, P Patkar, I Phang, A Aladeojebi, M Ali, B Barmayehvar, A Gaunt, M Gowda, E Halliday, M Kitchen, F Mansour, M Thomas, D Zakai, N Abbassi-Ghadi, H Assalaarachchi, A Currie, M Flavin, A Frampton, M Hague, C Hammer, J Hopper, J Horsnell, S Humphries, A Kamocka, T K Madhuri, S Preston, P Singh, J Stebbing, A Tailor, D Walker, F Aljanadi, M Jones, P Mhandu, C O'Donnell, R Turkington, Z Al-Ishaq, S Bhasin, A S Bodla, A Burahee, A Crichton, R Fossett, N Pigadas, S Pickford, E Rahman, D Snee, R Vidya, N Yassin, F Colombo, D Fountain, M T Hasan, K Karabatsou, R Laurente, O Pathmanaban, A Al-Mukhtar, S Brown, J Edwards, A Giblin, C Kelty, M Lee, G Lye, T Newman, A Sharkey, C Steele, N Sureshkumar Shah, E Whitehall, R Athwal, A Baker, L Jones, C Konstantinou, S Ramcharan, S Singh, J Vatish, R Wilkin, M Ethunandan, G K Sekhon, H Shields, R Singh, F Wensley, S Lawday, A Lyons, T Abbott, S Anwar, K Ghufoor, C Sohrabi, E Chung, R Hagger, A Hainsworth, A Karim, H Owen, A Ramwell, K Williams, C Baker, A Davies, J Gossage, M Kelly, W Knight, J Hall, G Harris, G James, C Kang, D J Lin, A D Rajgor, T Royle, R Scurrah, B Steel, L J Watson, D Choi, R Hutchison, A Jain, V Luoma, H Marcus, R May, A Menon, B Pramodana, L Webber, I A Aneke, P Asaad, B Brown, J Collis, S Duff, A Khan, F Moura, B Wadham, H Warburton, T Elmoslemany, M Jenkinson, C Millward, R Zakaria, S Mccluney, C Parmar, S Shah, J Allison, M S Babar, B Collard, S Goodrum, K Lau, A Patel, R Scott, E Thomas, H Whitmore, D Balasubramaniam, B Jayasankar, S Kapoor, A Ramachandran, A Elhamshary, Smb Imam, K Kapriniotis, V Kasivisvanathan, J Lindsay, S Rakhshani-Moghadam, N Beech, M Chand, L Green, N Kalavrezos, H Kiconco, R McEwen, C Schilling, D Sinha, J Pereca, J Singh, S Chopra, D Egbeare, R Thomas, T Combellack, Sef Jones, M Kornaszewska, M Mohammed, A Sharma, G Tahhan, V Valtzoglou, J Williams, P Eskander, K Gash, L Gourbault, M Hanna, T Maccabe, C Newton, J Olivier, S Rozwadowski, E Teh, D West, H Al-Omishy, M Baig, H Bates, G Di Taranto, K Dickson, N Dunne, C Gill, D Howe, D Jeevan, A Khajuria, K Martin-Ucar AMcEvoy, P Naredla, V Ng, S Robertson, M Sait, D R Sarma, S Shanbhag, T Shortland, S Simmonds, J Skillman, N Tewari, G Walton, M A Akhtar, A Brunt, J McIntyre, K Milne, M M Rashid, A Sgro, K E Stewart, A Turnbull, M Aguilar Gonzalez, S Talukder, C Boyle, D Fernando, K Gallagher, A Laird, D Tham, M Bath, P Patki, C Sohrabi, C Tanabalan, T Arif, C Magee, T Nambirajan, S Powell, R Vinayagam, I Flindall, A Hanson, V Mahendran, S Green, M Lim, L MacDonald, V Miu, L Onos, K Sheridan, R Young, F Alam, O Griffiths, C Houlden, R Jones, V S Kolli, A K Lala, S Leeson, R Peevor, Z Seymour, L Chen, E Henderson, A Loehrer, K Brown, D Fleming, A Haynes, C Heron, C Hill, H Kay, E Leede, K McElhinney, K Olson, E C Osterberg, C Riley, P Srikanth, M Thornhill, D Blazer, G DiLalla, E S Hwang, W Lee, M Lidsky, J Plichta, L Rosenberger, R Scheri, K Shah, K Turnage, J Visgauss, S Zani, J Farma, J Clark, D Kwon, E Etchill, H E Gabre-Kidan AJenny, A Kent, M Ladd, C Long, H Malapati, A Margalit, S Rapaport, J Rose, K Stevens, L Tsai, D Vervoort, P Yesantharao, A Dehal, D Klaristenfeld, K Huynh, L Brown, I Ganly, J Mullinax, N Gusani, J Hazelton, J Maines, J S Oh, A Ssentongo, P Ssentongo, M Azam, A Choudhry, W Marx, J Fleming, A Fuson, J Gigliotti, A Ovaitt, Y Ying, M K Abel, V Andaya, K Bigay, M A Boeck, L Chen, H Chern, C Corvera, I El-Sayed, A Glencer, P Ha, Bcs Hamilton, C Heaton, K Hirose, D M Jablons, K Kirkwood, L Z Kornblith, J R Kratz, R Lee, P N Miller, E Nakakura, B Nunez-Garcia, R O'Donnell, D Ozgediz, P Park, B Robinson, A Sarin, B Sheu, M Varma, K Wai, R Wustrack, M J Xu, D Beswick, J Goddard, J Manor, J Song, T Fullmer, C Gaskill, N Gross, K Kiong, C L Roland, S N Zafar, M Abdallah, A Abouassi, M Almasri, G Kulkarni, H Marwan, M Mehdi, S Aoun, V S Ban, H H Batjer, J Caruso, D Abbott, A Acher, T Aiken, J Barrett, E Foley, P Schwartz, S N Zafar, A Hawkins, A Maiga, J Laufer, S Scasso

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Critical Care, SARS-CoV-2, International Cooperation, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Postoperative Complications, Elective Surgical Procedures, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Epidemics, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Published
2021

6. Resource-aware dynamic service deployment for local IoT edge computing:healthcare use case

Author

Islam, J. (Johirul), Kumar, T. (Tanesh), Kovacevic, I. (Ivana), and Harjula, E. (Erkki)

Subjects
IoT, distributed computing, microservices, edge computing, nanoservices, virtualization, resource discovery
Abstract

Edge Computing is a novel computing paradigm moving server resources closer to end-devices. In the context of IoT, Edge Computing is a centric technology for enabling reliable, context-aware and low-latency services for several application areas such as smart healthcare, smart industry and smart cities. In our previous work, we have proposed a three-tier IoT Edge architecture and a virtual decentralized service platform based on lightweight microservices, called nanoservices, running on it. Together, these proposals form a basis for virtualizing the available local computational capacity and utilizing it to provide localized resource-efficient IoT services based on the applications’ need. Furthermore, locally-deployed functions are resilient to access network problems and can limit the propagation of sensitive user data for improved privacy. In this paper, we propose an automatic service and resource discovery mechanism for efficient on-the-fly deployment of nanoservices on local IoT nodes. As use case, we have selected a healthcare remote monitoring scenario, which requires high service reliability and availability in a highly dynamic environment. Based on the selected use case, we propose a real-world prototype implementation of the proposed mechanism on Raspberry Pi platform. We evaluate the performance and resource-efficiency of the proposed resource matching function with two alternative deployment approaches: containerized and non-containerized deployment. The results show that the containerized deployment is more resource-efficient, while the resource discovery and matching process takes approximately 6–17 seconds, where containerization adds only 1–1.5 seconds. This can be considered a feasible price for streamlined service management, scalability, resource-efficiency and fault-tolerance.

Published
2021

16. Using mystery shopping as a methodology in improving internal organisational processes and client's satisfaction in the wedding industry

Author

Hristov-Stančić Branislava, Kovačević Igor, and Urošević Violeta

Subjects
events, wedding industry, wedding organizer, mystery shopping, Marketing. Distribution of products, HF5410-5417.5
Abstract

Paper focuses on the providing theoretical and practical background on the wedding industry, with a special emphasis on the recommendation for wedding event planners, reached through implemented field "mystery shopping" research methodology. Wedding industry becomes one of the leading segments of the global events industry, with turnover of almost USD 220 billion only in the USA. Having this economic impact, it is necessary to understand that the wedding (as the form of event organisation) is becoming more and more complex process, and that complexity is driven by changes in the needs and wants of new generation of clients, and by changes in clients free time management in the life-work balance. On the case of the largest wedding organiser in Serbia, using the mystery shopping approach, it was possible to determine key areas of improvement internal wedding organiser process and to reach higher client's satisfaction.

Published
2024
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17. Predictors of employees’ voluntary turnover intentions: Analytic hierarchy process approach

Author

Kovačević Ivana, Pantelić Ognjen, and Anđelković-Labrović Jelena

Subjects
analytic hierarchy process, turnover intentions, employees, predictors, Management information systems, T58.6-58.62
Abstract

The possibility to prevent employees` turnover intentions are important issue for organizations but it is not easy without identifying risk factors. HR analytic methods are seen as the valuable tools for extracting and weighting predictors of employees` withdrawal behavior. This paper ilustrates the potential of analytic hierarchy process method for identifying key predictors of voluntary turnover intentions. The analysis is conducted on 665 production employees using five criteria: work satisfaction, work characteristics (job motivating potential), intrinsic motivation, life aspirations and needs, from the most to the least weighted. Two parementers were included, sector where employees work and their shift. Results indicate the sectors and shift employing people with highest risk of turnover demonstrating the effectivness of using AHP method for the purpose. As previous studies that uses HR analytics tools in the domain mainly operated with demographic and general employees` data, while more orthodox HR approaches focus on direct effect of job satisfaction, we offered the combination of those two. We imply that the integration of more subjective data collected directly from employee, might be integrated in the overal personnel database and available for processing with HR analytic tools.

Published
2024
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18. Differences in business fraud between state-owned and private companies: case of Croatia

Author

Bartulović Marijana, Perkušić Dijana, and Kovačević Ivan

Subjects
frauds, state-owned companies, private companies, m41, k42, Finance, HG1-9999
Abstract

Fraud presents a serious problem and arising issue for all of society at national and global levels. According to global fraud research conducted by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, it is estimated that the average company loses about 5% of its annual revenue due to different types of business fraud. Total estimated annual fraud losses according to global ACFE research reaches about 4.7 trillion dollars. Business frauds also present an important issue for the Croatian economy, business community and society as a whole. Thereby, considerable attention should be given to this issue with the aim of raising awareness throughout society on fraud and its negative and destructive impact on all of society. The main purpose of this paper is to examine differences in fraud characteristics between state-owned and private companies in the Republic of Croatia. Research was based on data on business frauds obtained by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners Croatia which included 124 respondents. Data were related to frauds that occurred in Croatian companies in 2021 and 2020. In this paper we focused on fraud characteristics such as fraud loss, type of fraud, fraud duration and methods of fraud detection in order to determine whether fraud in privately owned companies differs significantly from fraud in state-owned companies. Research results revealed how differences in fraud characteristics among privately and state-owned companies exist. Based on a sample of Croatian companies that were victims of fraud, it is noted how fraud in state-owned companies lasts longer and creates greater loses in comparison to fraud in private owned companies. Moreover, data related to estimated fraud loss and fraud duration were statistically significant in terms of differentiating these two groups of companies. Based on data on discriminatory variables a logistic regression model correctly classified 78.46% of companies in the group of companies that are privately or state-owned.

Published
2023
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24. Dysfunctional sarcomere contractility contributes to muscle weakness in ACTA1-related nemaline myopathy (NEM3)

Author

Joureau, B., de Winter, J.M., Conijn, S., Bogaards, S.J.P., Kovacevic, I., Kalganov, A., Persson, M., Lindqvist, J., Stienen, G.J.M., Irving, T.C., Ma, W., Yuen, M., Clarke, N.F., Rassier, D.E., Malfatti, E., Romero, N.B., Beggs, A.H., and Ottenheijm, C.A.C

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sarcomeres, Young Adult, Muscle Weakness, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Article, Actins, Muscle Contraction, Myopathies, Structural, Congenital
Abstract

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common congenital nondystrophic myopathies and is characterized by muscle weakness, often from birth. Mutations in ACTA1 are a frequent cause of NM (ie, NEM3). ACTA1 encodes alpha-actin 1, the main constituent of the sarcomeric thin filament. The mechanisms by which mutations in ACTA1 contribute to muscle weakness in NEM3 are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that sarcomeric dysfunction contributes to muscle weakness in NEM3 patients.To test this hypothesis, we performed contractility measurements in individual muscle fibers and myofibrils obtained from muscle biopsies of 14 NEM3 patients with different ACTA1 mutations. To identify the structural basis for impaired contractility, low angle X-ray diffraction and stimulated emission-depletion microscopy were applied.Our findings reveal that muscle fibers of NEM3 patients display a reduced maximal force-generating capacity, which is caused by dysfunctional sarcomere contractility in the majority of patients, as revealed by contractility measurements in myofibrils. Low angle X-ray diffraction and stimulated emission-depletion microscopy indicate that dysfunctional sarcomere contractility in NEM3 patients involves a lower number of myosin heads binding to actin during muscle activation. This lower number is not the result of reduced thin filament length. Interestingly, the calcium sensitivity of force is unaffected in some patients, but decreased in others.Dysfunctional sarcomere contractility is an important contributor to muscle weakness in the majority of NEM3 patients. This information is crucial for patient stratification in future clinical trials. Ann Neurol 2018;83:269-282.

Published
2018

30. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of new thiazole hybrids with [3.3.0]furofuranone or tetrahydrofuran scaffolds

Author

Kojić Vesna, Svirčev Miloš, Đokić Sanja, Kovačević Ivana, Rodić Marko V., Srećo-Zelenović Bojana, Popsavin Velimir, and Popsavin Mirjana

Subjects
molecular hybridization, pseudo-c-nucleosides, goniofufurone, tiazofurin, analogues, antiproliferative activity, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

New thiazole hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human malignant cell lines. The key steps in the synthesis of hybrids 3–7 involved the initial condensation of appropriate aldononitriles with cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride, followed by subsequent treatment of resulting thiazolines with diazabicycloundecene to form the thiazole ring. Bioisosteres 8 and 14 have been prepared after the stereoselective addition of 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiazole to the hemiacetals obtained by periodate cleavage of terminal diol functionality in the suitably protected d-glucose derivatives. The obtained analogues showed various antiproliferative activities in the cultures of several tumour cell lines. Hybrid 6 was the most potent in HeLa cells, exhibiting more than 10 and 4 times stronger activity than both leads 1 and 2, respectively. The most active compound in Raji cells was hybrid 12, which was nearly 2-fold more potent than the clinical antitumour drug doxorubicin. All analogues were more potent in A549 cells with respect to lead 1, while compounds 6 and 7 were slightly more active than doxorubicin. Preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of a cinnamate group at the C-3 position in analogues of type 7 increases the activity of resulting molecular hybrids.

Published
2023
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31. The epidemiology of blunt ocular trauma in a tertiary health care institution in Serbia - a four-year-long retrospective study

Author

Kovačević Igor, Bila Mladen, Mirković Jelena, Mišić Ivan, and Vasilijević Jelena

Subjects
blunt trauma, serbia, epidemiology, injury, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction/Objective. Ocular trauma is a globally important cause of visual impairment. The aim of our study was to analyses demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of blunt ocular trauma. Methods. The retrospective study enrolled patients with blunt ocular trauma, hospitalized at the Eye Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade during a four-year period (2018–2022). Demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, best corrected visual acuity on admission and discharge and injured eye structure were analyzed. Results. Out of 283 patients, the majority (n = 233, 82%) were men. People aged 61 and over (n = 82, 29%) were at greatest risk for blunt ocular trauma. Injuries from splitting wood (n = 78, 28%) and various blunt tools and objects (n = 70, 25%) were the most common mechanism in the entire study group, both in men and in women. Visual acuity on admission was better than 0.6 in 147 (52%) patients and at discharge in 185 (65%). The most common eye structure affected are pathological findings in anterior chamber (n = 160, 56%), which are mainly related to hyphemia. Conclusion. Present study showed that blunt ocular trauma affects all age groups, but most often elderly and children. Men are injured more often than women. Splitting wood and manipulating blunt tools and objects are activities with the highest risk of blunt ocular trauma.

Published
2023
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32. Ethical dilemmas as a result of the impact of revenue management on hotel guest behavior

Author

Hristov-Stančić Branislava, Đorđević Aleksandar, Kovačević Igor, and Zečević Bojan

Subjects
revenue management, perceived fairness, hotel guest behaviour, Marketing. Distribution of products, HF5410-5417.5
Abstract

Hotel revenue management brings significant financial benefits, but on the other hand, it can lead to a deterioration in guest perceived fairness. Certain pricing manipulations, dynamic price optimization, and changes in reservation terms aim to maximize a hotel's financial performance. However, such practices can negatively impact the non-financial aspects of customer relationship management, such as perceived value, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Price discrimination as one of the revenue management techniques is often closely linked to a hotel guest's perceived fairness. Additionally, inventory management techniques like capacity constraints and overbooking can have adverse effects on guest satisfaction. Hotel managers are aware of the risks associated with guest dissatisfaction and, therefore, seek to identify and define strategies to prevent and mitigate their negative consequences. The goal of this paper is to gain insight into the potential consequences of implementing revenue management techniques and emphasize the need for defining preventive measures and plans to reduce and eliminate guest dissatisfaction.

Published
2023
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33. Photocoagulation for retinal hemangioblastoma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease

Author

Vasilijević Jelena, Pantelić Jelica, Mirković Jelena, Al Barri Leila, and Kovačević Igor

Subjects
von hippel-lindau disease, retinal hemangioblastoma, photocoagulation, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction. Von Hippel–Lindau disease is a hereditary, autosomal dominant, tumor syndrome with a predisposition to developing various benign and malignant tumors. Retinal hemangioblastoma is often the presenting manifestation. We report a case of Von-Hippel–Lindau disease in a 13-year-old girl with bilateral eye involvement. Case outline. The patient was referred to the Eye Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, with a diagnosis of Coats disease. Clinical examination revealed that best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 on her right eye, while her left eye showed counting fingers at 20 cm distance. Dilated fundoscopy of the right eye revealed multiple tortuous feeding vessels leading to orange-reddish, sharply demarcated multiple lesions on the far periphery of the upper retina, corresponding to retinal hemangioblastoma. the left eye showed edematous optic nerve head, tortuous retinal vessels, exudates, and retinal detachment including macula. Considering that the patient had multiple bilateral retinal hemangioblastomas and that her father had pathohistologically proven brain hemangioblastoma and numerous visceral tumors, Von Hippel–Lindau disease was assumed. Focal argon laser photocoagulation was performed in the region of all visible vascular tumors and feeding vessels in the right eye. The patient’s visual acuity remained unchanged five months after the disease detection. Conclusion. The importance of education about dominant inheritance pattern of Von Hippel–Lindau disease cannot be overemphasized. Role of an ophthalmologist is critical in early diagnosis of both retinal hemangioblastoma and Von Hippel–Lindau disease.

Published
2023
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34. Phase diagram of diluted Ising ferromagnet LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$

Author

Babkevich, P., Nikseresht, N., Kovacevic, I., Piatek, J. O., Piazza, B. Dalla, Kraemer, C., Kr��mer, K. W., Proke��, K., Mat'a��, S., Jensen, J., and R��nnow, H. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

We present a systematic study of the phase diagram of LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$ ($0.25, Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures

Published
2016

35. Congestion control and spectrum sharing in multi-operator multi-hop wireless network

Author

Kovacevic, I. (Ivana)

Subjects
Master's Degree Programme in Wireless Communication Engineering
Abstract

Emergence of dramatic increase in applications provided by smart devices, such as smart phones, is no longer supported by traditional telecommunications systems such as wireless cellular systems. Arising challenges are ever increasing traffic demand, shortage of available spectrum and congestion over wireless systems. On the other hand, network resources such as spectrum and computational capability, are severely under-utilized. With regard to efficient use the available resources, promising trend is to develop heterogeneous networks (HetNets) such that different operators can share their excess capacities among themselves with the previous agreement. The most research done in spectrum sharing is focused only on the network access point. In this thesis work we extend the modelling of the spectrum sharing problem to include all links on the route for a given session. While this problem might have been analyzed from the point of view of route availability our control system is focused on queue management across the network that maintains predetermined spectra sharing rules at the session level of each operator. Addressing an issue of congestion over wireless system different congestion control mechanisms are presented and analyzed enabling a variety of options for managing traffic across the spectra sharing network. These models are generalized to include different pricing mechanisms. Two approaches are taken for analyzing pricing models with congestion control mechanism. First, network nodes are modeled as two-dimensional Markov processes. Since memoryless nature of Markov process imposes restrictions on analyzed system, in order to generalize analysis, averaged non-Markov models are introduced. Performance metric used for assessing different models is average packet dropping rate.

Published
2015

37. The effect of hemodialysis on macular thickness

Author

Šobot Vesna, Jakšić Vesna, Kovačević Igor, and Lukić Dragan

Subjects
macular thickness, hemodialysis, optical coherence tomography, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction/Objective. During hemodialysis (HD) treatment great fluctuations were recorded in the systemic hemodynamic parameters and in the volume and composition of ocular fluid. There are only a few studies that analyzed the effect of HD on retinal and macular thickness with conflicting results. Objective of this study was to determine macular thickness, marked as central foveal thickness, average macular thickness and macular volume, shortly before and after HD. Methods. This prospective study included 30 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients of HD treatment. Thorough ophthalmologic examinations were performed including evaluation of best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and slit-lamp examination of all eye segments. Macular thickness was determined by optical coherence tomography shortly before and after HD. The next parameters were evaluated: central foveal thickness, average macular thickness and macular volume. The correlation between systemic parameters and macular thickness changes during HD was tested. Results. There were significant changes in body weight and blood pressure pre- and post-HD. Results showed macular thickness (central foveal thickness, average macular thickness and macular volume) decreased, but the change was not significant. There was no significant correlation between systemic hemodynamic parameters and macular thickness changes. Conclusion. Results of this study showed there was no statistically significant changes in macular thickness CRF patient undergoing HD. Further research on a larger group of patients and a longer follow-up time are required to confirm these findings.

Published
2022
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38. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on the surgical care of ophthalmic patients in a tertiary health care institution

Author

Vasilijević Jelena, Risimić Dijana, Božić Marija, Trenkić Marija, Manojlović Sara, and Kovačević Igor

Subjects
covid-19, quarantine, operations, ophthalmology, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction/Objective. World Health Organization in January 2020 declared a pandemic of the coronavirus disease named COVID-19. The state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia began on March 15 2020, which greatly influenced the treatment of those patients who were not affected by COVID-19. The aim of this paper is to compare the most common ophthalmic surgeries during quarantine with those performed in 2019 in the same period. Methods. This is a retrospective study. We collected data from the operating protocol of the main ophthalmic operating room. We have followed the changes related to surgical procedures during these two years. Results. During the state of emergency, significantly more operations were performed on male patients than on female patients compared to the same period in 2019 (p = 0.043). In the observed period, in 2019 significantly more patients older than 65 were surgically treated (p < 0.001). During 2019, there were 397 (64.3%) elective and 220 (35.7%) urgent procedures, while for the same period next year there were 9 (9.1%) elective and 90 (90.9%) urgent procedures. Significantly more urgent interventions were performed during 2020 compared to 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The coronavirus pandemic has led to numerous changes in the treatment of ophthalmic patients. Many patients did not have access to adequate treatment, which certainly led to the impairment of many ophthalmic diseases.

Published
2022
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39. Exercise-induced Valsalva retinopathy: A case report and literature review

Author

Kovačević Igor, Mirković Jelena, Šobot Vesna, Bila Mladen, and Vasilijević Jelena

Subjects
valsalva retinopathy, valsalva’s maneuver, preretinal hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction. Valsalva retinopathy is an uncommon disorder that usually presents with acute onset of unilateral, or less frequently, bilateral visual impairment varying from subtle scotoma to total vision loss. It occurs as a result of Valsalva’s maneuver. In the vast majority of cases, hemorrhage is preretinal although subretinal, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhage can be found. Valsalva retinopathy often develops due to numerous triggering activities such as vomiting, coughing, heavy weight lifting, intense aerobic exercise, labor, and general anesthesia. Management options are either clinical observation or invasive techniques. We report a case of premacular hemorrhage due to Valsalva retinopathy induced by gym training. Case outline. A 34-year-old woman was referred to the Eye Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, complaining of sudden and painless unilateral decrease in vision occurred during intense physical activity. Best corrected visual acuity was measured as counting fingers at five meters distance. Dilated fundoscopy demonstrated a large, well demarcated premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage with visible rupture of the retinal vein branch. The patient was treated conservatively. Three months after the onset of symptoms, hemorrhage absorbed and best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. Conclusion. Valsalva retinopathy, although a rare condition, should not be omitted as a differential diagnosis of retinal and vitreous hemorrhages. Standard, observational treatment is generally sufficient for complete vision recovery; however, literature suggests that an individualized approach to each patient is required.

Published
2022
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40. Revealing the radiation-induced effects in silicon by processing at enhanced temperatures-pressures

Author

Misiuk, A. Surma, B. Bak-Misiuk, J. Londos, C.A. Vagovič, P. Kovacevic, I. Pivac, B. Jung, W. Prujszczyk, M.

Abstract

Effect of processing at up to 1400 K under Ar hydrostatic pressure (HP) equal to 1.1 GPa for oxygen-containing Czochralski grown silicon (Cz-Si) irradiated with neutrons (energy E = 5 MeV, dose D = 1 × 1017 cm- 2) or γ-rays (E = 1.2 MeV, D = 1000 Mrad) on oxygen clustering and precipitation has been investigated by electrical, X-ray, infrared absorption, and photoluminescence methods. Depending on irradiation conditions, processing of irradiated Cz-Si, especially under HP, results in creation of oxygen-containing defects. Such processing of irradiated Cz-Si is helpful for revealing its irradiation-related history. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

41. GISAXS study of SiO/SiO2 superlattice

Author

Kovacevic, I., Pivac, B., Dubcek, P., Radic, N., Bernstorff, S., Slaoui, A., Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jung, Marie-Anne

Subjects
GISAXS, SiO, SiO2, superlattice
Abstract

The correlation between the structural and optoelectronic properties of Si nanocrystals prepared by a variety of methods is still unresolved problem.

Published
2005

42. Uncommon severe blunt ocular injury associated with large retinal dialysis caused by a fishing sinker

Author

Bila Mladen, Kalezić Tanja, Kovačević Igor, Damjanović Goran, and Risimić Dijana

Subjects
ocular trauma, fishing sinker, subretinal hemorrhage, retinal dialysis, vitrectomy, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction. Severe ocular injuries caused by fishing equipment are relatively rare. The visual prognosis for fishing-related injuries depends on the involved ocular structures, the presence of complications, and surgical techniques applied. Case outline. A 40-year-old man reported a sudden severe sharp pain and a loss of vision in his left eye while he was pulling the fishing rod during recreational fishing. At admission, his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was 1/60. Clinical examination revealed a laceration in the temporal quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva 0.2–0.3 mm in size and a dark tumefaction under the conjunctiva in the same region. It was identified during primary surgical exploration as a fishing sinker 1 cm in size lodged under the lateral rectus muscle. The bulbar wall was intact and the fishing sinker was safely removed. Phacoemulsification with the implantation of an artificial foldable intraocular lens and 23G pars plana vitrectomy were performed. During vitrectomy, subretinal hemorrhage in the macular region and large retinal dialysis in the temporal segment were revealed. Vitrectomy was finished with silicone oil tamponade. One week later, the patient’s BCVA of the left eye was 2/60. Eight months after surgery, spontaneous resorption of subretinal hemorrhage in the macular region and the attached retina was observed. The patient’s BCVA was 3/60 due to the destruction of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium and the formation of epiretinal membrane. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a severe blunt ocular injury associated with large retinal dialysis caused by a fishing sinker.

Published
2021
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44. Clinical characteristics of posterior segment penetrating eye injuries treated in tertiary referral hospital in Serbia

Author

Kovačević Igor, Radosavljević Aleksandra, Karadžić Jelena, Stefanović Ivan, and Vukadinović Jovana

Subjects
endophthalmitis, eye foreign bodies, eye injuries, retinal detachment, risk factors, treatment outcome, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Aim. Ocular trauma is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics of patients with penetrating eye injuries with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in posterior segment of the eye. Methods. The retrospective study enrolled medical records of consecutive patients hospitalized in a five year period (2012–2016) in a tertiary referral center in Serbia. Surgical repair included pars plana vitrectomy and IOFB removal. Postoperative results were evaluated using the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results. Out of 130 patients who suffered penetrating eye injury with retained IOFB, 72 had IOFB in posterior segment of the eye (43 in retina, 25 in vitreous, 3 in ciliary body, 1 on the optic nerve). Patients were predominantly young adults (aged 44.3 ± 14.9 years, 97.2% men). Average BCVA at admission was poor (0.27 ± 0.38, measured by Snellen chart), and 52.8% of patients had BCVA of counting fingers at 1 meter or less. The majority of patients had corneal wound (70.8%), medium sized IOFB (48.6%), iris injury (61.1%) and traumatic cataract (69.4%). Complications included retinal detachment (16.7%) and endophthalmitis (15.3%). Two patients had the eye enucleated due to severe endophthalmitis, which could not be otherwise controlled. Significant risk factors for postoperative outcome were: initial BCVA (p < 0.001), ocular hypotony (p = 0.013), medium size of IOFB (p = 0.037), presence of traumatic cataract (p = 0.036), retinal detachment (p = 0.032) and endophthalmitis (p = 0.045). Conclusion. Treatment of posterior segment penetrating eye injuries remains a challenge due to high frequency of low initial visual acuity, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis, all of which are risk factors for poor visual outcome. Patients with better initial BCVA, normal intraocular pressure and small IOFB have better postoperative results.

Published
2020
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45. Film tourism, influence on employment and analysis of the economic effects of government incentives on the case of Serbia

Author

Kovačević Igor, Anić Aleksandra, and Ribić Maja

Subjects
film tourism, destination marketing, incentives, rebates, film industry, Marketing. Distribution of products, HF5410-5417.5
Abstract

Having in mind that "film industry" generates significant long-term effect through improvements of tourism flow, many destinations are positioning toward international production houses. Creation of audiovisual content within a destination creates noteworthy current effect of the economy of the country, making researchers more interested in analysis of economic effects that fiscal incentives for production of movies and TV series for the national economy. Aim of the research in this Paper is to measure economic effect of the incentives for production of movies, commercials, series and postproduction that Serbia has been approving in analyzed period, as well as to determine contribution of the subject sector to the employment in Serbia. In addition, Paper analyses influence on employment of the sector in European countries, as well as economic impact. Paper allows understanding of the film sector for the country economy.

Published
2020

46. The 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene induced inflammatory lesions in colon of NMRI mice: influence of previous sensitization on mononuclear cell infiltration

Author

Banic, M., Brkic, T., Anic, B., Željko Grabarević, Rotkvic, I., Duvnjak, M., Kovacevic, I., Maric, S., and Troskot, B.

Subjects
4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), experimental model, inflammatory bowel disease, NMRI mice, sensitization, digestive system, digestive system diseases
Abstract

The aim of this study was to obtain inflammatory lesions in colon of NMRI mice and to demonstrate the influence of previous sensitization with 2, 4- dinitrofluorobenzen (DNFB) on the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration within lamina propria and submucosa after the challenge enema with DNFB. The animals in experimental group were sensitized prior to receiving the challenge enema into the lumen of the colon. The animals in control group received only the challenge enema. During follow-up period (24-72 hours after challenge) edema, haemorrhage and ulceration were observed in colon of experimental group of animals and to a lesser extent in control group. The significant difference in mononuclear cell infiltration of lamina propria and submucosa between axperimental and control group was found on 24 hours, and 48-72 hours after DNFB enema, respectively (p

Published
1992

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