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282 results on '"Kominato, Yoshihiko"'

8. Review of ABO Expression and Variations based on Transcriptional Regulation of the ABO Blood Group Gene.

Author

Ogasawara, Kenichi, Sano, Rie, and Kominato, Yoshihiko

Abstract

Background and Summary: We review the transcriptional regulation of ABO expression and discuss variants in the promoter and erythroid cell-specific regulatory region in individuals with weak ABO phenotypes such as Bm, Am, B3, and A3. We also review the molecular mechanisms responsible for variations in ABO expression in development and disease including the cell type-specific expression of ABO during erythroid cell differentiation, and reduction of A- or B-antigens in cancer cells or on red blood cells in patients with leukemia. Although the relationship between ABO blood group antigens and diseases has been characterized, the physiological significance of the ABO blood group system remains unclear. Key Messages: This review discusses accumulated knowledge of the ABO gene regulation and potential reasons for conservation of ABO during evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Lack of Association of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism （rs1053874）in the DNase I Gene With Plural Tissue Weight

Author

TAKINAMI, Yoshikazu, FUJIHARA, Junko, Kimura, Kaori, INOUE, Ken, KOMINATO, Yoshihiko, Yamada, Kazuo, and Takeshita, Haruo

Subjects
tissue weight, deoxyribonuclease I, single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1053874
Abstract

Background: We have found the association of single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） rs6180 in the growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene with plural tissue weight. On the other hand, the DNase I gene（ DNASE1） is considered to be one of the susceptibility genes for liver disease, gastric and colorectal carcinoma, and myocardial infarction, based on the polymorphic study of rs1053874. Therefore, we investigated the association of rs1053874 in DNASE1 with plural tissue weight in the present study. Materials and methods: Blood samples （n = 198; 99 female and 99 male） were collected from Japanese subjects autopsied in Shimane Prefecture, and genomic DNA was extracted. SNP （rs1053874, A > G substitution） was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction, followed by a mismatched-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Except for the pancreatic weight and appendix, all parameters were significantly related to gender. All parameters were significantly related to age except for the left and right renal weight. In the present study, we focused on analyzing the potential effect of a variation in DNASE1 and investigated the effect of SNP rs1053874 on human organ weight using autopsied samples. Conclusions: In the present study, the rs1053874 polymorphism does not contribute to organ weight, cardiac hypertrophy index, or body surface areas, and these associations were not observed in Japanese subjects. This study is the first to investigate the association of SNP rs1053874 （A > G substitution） in DNASE1 and data routinely measured at autopsy, such as organ weight.

Published
2019

30. Usefulness of a tissue optical clearing technique for forensic autopsy.

Author

Takahashi, Yoichiro, Hayakawa, Akira, Sano, Rie, Fukuda, Haruki, Kubo, Rieko, Tokue, Hiroyuki, Okawa, Takafumi, Kawamura, Miki, and Kominato, Yoshihiko

Subjects
AUTOPSY, FORENSIC pathologists, X-ray computed microtomography, MESENTERIC artery, FORENSIC pathology, TISSUES
Abstract

Forensic pathologists are required to investigate lethal trauma or disease at autopsy. In addition to massive contusions of various organs, a number of small features with potentially fatal implications also need to be sought. Since such lesions may need microscopic examinations for detailed evaluation, it is important to select suitable anatomic locations for tissue sampling. For practical screening of small lesions, we have developed a tissue optical clearing (TOC) technique for forensic autopsy. The technique involves clearing with a non‐toxic organic solvent, ethyl cinnamate, which renders excised organs transparent, while hemorrhages or blood‐containing vessels remain opaque. Using this technique, tiny hemorrhages in the spinal cord were able to be identified by gross examination, allowing proper selection of locations for tissue sampling. Subsequent histopathological evaluation was successfully performed with no apparent artifacts related with the TOC procedure. In addition, a combination of TOC and targeted CT angiography allowed feasible examination of the arterial occlusive lesion in the superior mesenteric artery, and when combined with micro‐CT scanning it was useful for evaluating the lumen of the coronary artery with stent implantation. The results obtained so far indicated that TOC could complement routine forensic autopsy procedures when detailed evaluation of small lesions is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Reduction of blood group A antigen on erythrocytes in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome harboring somatic mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2.

Author

Hayakawa, Akira, Sano, Rie, Takahashi, Yoichiro, Okawa, Takafumi, Kubo, Rieko, Harada, Megumi, Fukuda, Haruki, Yokohama, Akihiko, Handa, Hiroshi, Kawabata‐Iwakawa, Reika, Tsuneyama, Hatsue, Tsukada, Junichi, and Kominato, Yoshihiko

Subjects
BLOOD group antigens, MYELODYSPLASTIC syndromes, MONONUCLEAR leukocytes, ABO blood group system, ERYTHROCYTES, MEDULLARY thyroid carcinoma
Abstract

Background: Reduction of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and this reduction of ABO expression is strongly associated with DNA methylation of the ABO promoter. Previously, we reported a two‐nucleotide deletion in RUNX1 encoding an abnormally elongated protein lacking the trans‐activation domain in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing A‐antigen loss on RBCs. This prompted us to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for A‐antigen reduction on RBCs in another patient with MDS. Study Design and Methods: Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient and eleven MDS controls without A‐ or B‐antigen loss. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was examined by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Transient transfection assays were performed for functional evaluation of mutations. Results: Screening of somatic mutations showed missense mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2 in the patient, while no mutation was found in exons of those genes in the controls. There was no significant difference in ABO promoter methylation between the patient and the controls. Transient transfection experiments into COS‐7 and K562 cells suggested that the amino acid substitutions encoded by those mutations reduced or lost the trans‐activation potential of the ABO expression. Conclusion: Considering the discrepancy between the variant frequencies of these mutations and the ratios of the RBCs with A‐antigens loss, the antigen reduction might be associated with these somatic mutations and hypermethylation of the ABO promoter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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48. Superimposed CT imaging using fusion function to visualize the relationship between the knife and the wound path in a stabbing victim.

Author

Takahashi, Yoichiro, Sano, Rie, Hayakawa, Akira, Fukuda, Haruki, Kubo, Rieko, Okawa, Takafumi, Tokue, Hiroyuki, Takei, Hiroyuki, and Kominato, Yoshihiko

Subjects
COMPUTED tomography, IMAGE fusion, STAB wounds, BODY image, FORENSIC pathology, SPIRAL computed tomography
Abstract

With the increasing use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in medicolegal autopsies, three‐dimensional (3D) models of injured areas can now be generated from multislice computed tomography images. However, since PMCT has low sensitivity for detecting injuries in solid organs in the absence of contrast administration, it has been difficult to demonstrate the tracks of stab wounds leading to solid organ injury using 3D reconstruction. Here, we report one homicide case with two stab wounds. On the skin surface, the stab wounds were located on the neck and anterior chest wall. A medicolegal autopsy revealed that one stab wound in the neck had penetrated the wall of the right pleural cavity and the upper portion of the right lung whereas the other stab wound in the anterior chest wall had penetrated the right diaphragm and the heart. To illustrate the tracks of the stab wounds, superimposed CT images of the body, the excised organ, and a knife model were constructed to obtain a 3D model. This allowed clear and concise visualization of the complex relationship of the knife to the heart incision and the stab wound on the chest surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Regional differences in homicide patterns in five areas of Japan

Author

Hata, Nobuhide, Kominato, Yoshihiko, Shimada, Ichiro, Takizawa, Hisao, Fujikura, Takashi, Morita, Masahiko, Funayama, Masato, Yoshioka, Naofumi, Touda, Kouhei, Gonmori, Kunio, Misawa, Shogo, Sakairi, Yuriko, Sakamoto, Namiko, Tanno, Kozo, Thaik-Oo, Myo, Kiuchi, Masahiro, Fukumoto, Yoshio, and Sato, Yayoi

Published
2001
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