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2. CO 2 Enrichment Increases Water-Use Efficiency in Sorghum

Author

Conley, Matthew M., Kimball, B. A., Brooks, T. J., Pinter,, P. J., Hunsaker, D. J., Wall, G. W., Adam, N. R., LaMorte, R. L., Matthias, A. D., Thompson, T. L., Leavitt, S. W., Ottman, M. J., Cousins, A. B., and Triggs, J. M.

Published
2001

9. The Philosopher-as-Therapist: The Noble Coach and Self-Awareness

Author

Malloy, D. C. and Rossow-Kimball, B.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explore the relevance of Plato's "Sophist" in the context of coaching. The "Sophist" dialogue focuses upon the role of the philosopher as a therapist of the soul rather than simply a conveyer or wholesaler of knowledge. This article provides a rationale for the coach to be more than a technical conveyer of skill in which the athlete is perceived to be machine-like (i.e., homo mechanicus) in order to take on a more holistic role in the life of the athlete. Through the application of the noble sophist to the Ecological Task Analysis theory (ETA), we demonstrate how the fundamental perception of the role of the coach may be expanded and redefined to become more of a "midwife" for the birth of personal and moral development. (Contains 2 figures and 2 endnotes.)

Published
2007

17. Rising Temperatures Reduce Global Wheat Production

Author

Asseng, S, Ewert, F, Martre, P, Rötter, R. P, Lobell, D. B, Cammarano, D, Kimball, B. A, Ottman, M. J, Wall, G. W, White, J. W, Reynolds, M. P, Alderman, P. D, Prasad, P. V. V, Aggarwal, P. K, Anothai, J, Basso, B, Biernath, C, Challinor, A. J, De Sanctis, G, Doltra, J, Fereres, E, Garcia-Vila, M, Gayler, S, Hoogenboom, G, Hunt, L. A, Izaurralde, R. C, Jabloun, M, C. D. Jones, Kersebaum, K. C, Koehler, A-K, Müller, C, Naresh Kumar, S, Nendel, C, O’Leary, G, Olesen, J. E, Palosuo, T, Priesack, E, Eyshi Rezaei, E, Ruane, A. C, Semenov, M. A, Shcherbak, I, Stöckle, C, Stratonovitch, P, Streck, T, Supit, I, Tao, F, Thorburn, P. J, Waha, K, Wang, E, Wallach, D, Wolf, J, Zhao, Z, and Zhu, Y

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Crop models are essential tools for assessing the threat of climate change to local and global food production. Present models used to predict wheat grain yield are highly uncertain when simulating how crops respond to temperature. Here we systematically tested 30 different wheat crop models of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project against field experiments in which growing season mean temperatures ranged from 15 degrees C to 32◦ degrees C, including experiments with artificial heating. Many models simulated yields well, but were less accurate at higher temperatures. The model ensemble median was consistently more accurate in simulating the crop temperature response than any single model, regardless of the input information used. Extrapolating the model ensemble temperature response indicates that warming is already slowing yield gains at a majority of wheat-growing locations. Global wheat production is estimated to fall by 6% for each degree C of further temperature increase and become more variable over space and time.

Published
2015
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22. ZnO nanowalls

Author

Lao, J.Y., Huang, J.Y., Wang, D.Z., Ren, Z.F., Steeves, D., Kimball, B., and Porter, W.

Published
2004
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37. Model improvements reduce the uncertainty of wheat crop model ensembles under heat stress

Author

Maiorano, Andrea, Martre, Pierre, Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Müller, C., Rötter, R. P., Ruane, A. C., Semenov, M. A., Wallach, Daniel, Wang, E., Alderman, P. D., Kassie, B. T., Biernath, C., Basso, B., Cammarano, D., Challinor, A. J., Doltra, J., Dumont, B., Gayler, S., Kersebaum, Kimball, B. A., Koehler, A. K., Liu, L., O'Leary, G., Olesen, J. E., Ottman, Michael J., Priesack, E., Reynolds, M. P., Eyshi Rezaei, E., Stratonovitch, P., Streck, T., Thorburn, P., Waha, K., Wall, G. W., White, J. W., Zhao, Z., Zhu, Y., Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agriculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Leeds, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), ARS/ALARC, United States Department of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Landscape & Water Sciences, Department of Environment of Victoria, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, and Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association (ZALF). DEU.

Subjects
Vegetal Biology, comparaison de modèles, Modélisation et simulation, modèle de simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, incertitude, blé, Modeling and Simulation, température, modèle phénologique, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biologie végétale, modèle de production, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

38. Inter-comparison of wheat models to identify knowledge gaps and improve process modeling

Author

Wang, E., Martre, Pierre, Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Zhao, Z., Maiorano, Andrea, Rotter, R. P., Kimball, B. A., Ottman, Michael J., Wall, G. W., White, J. W., Aggarwal, P. K., Alderman, P. D., Anothai, J., Basso, B., Biernath, C., Cammarano, D., Challinor, A. J., De Sanctis, Giacomo, Doltra, J., Fereres, E., Garcia-Vila, M., Gayler, S., Hoogenboom, G., Hunt, L. A., Izaurralde, R. C., Jabloun, M., Jones, C. D., Kersebaum, K.C., Koehler, A. K., Müller, C., Liu, L., Kumar Naresh, S., Nendel, C., O'Leary, G., Olesen, J. E., Palosuo, T., Priesack, E., Reynolds, M. P., Eyshi Rezaei, E., Ripoche, Dominique, Ruane, A. C., Semenov, M. A., Shcherbak, I., Stöckle, C., Stratonovitch, P., Streck, T., Supit, I., Tao, F., Thorburn, P., Waha, K., Wallach, Daniel, Wolf, J., Zhu, Y., Agriculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), ARS/ALARC, United States Department of Agriculture, The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University (WSU), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), University of Leeds, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], IAS, Princeton University, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Nanjing Agricultural University, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Landscape & Water Sciences, Department of Environment of Victoria, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association (ZALF). DEU.

Subjects
blé, Modeling and Simulation, comparaison de modèles, température, modèle phénologique, Modélisation et simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, modèle de production, incertitude
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

41. High-contrast, low-voltage variable reflector for unpolarized light.

Author

Serak, S. V., Nersisyan, S. R., Tabiryan, N. V., Steeves, D. M., Kimball, B. R., White, T. J., and Bunning, T. J.

Subjects
LIQUID crystals, PHOTONIC crystals, CHOLESTERIC liquid crystals, THIN films, OPTICAL properties, LIGHT propagation, OPTICAL properties of nematic liquid crystals
Abstract

A thin, optically clear photonic system that switches between transmission and reflection mode with low-voltage application was developed using diffractive waveplates coupled to a cholesteric thin film. The system has no strongly absorptive components such as polarizers or filters and its peak transmission is determined by Fresnel losses only. The device makes use of unpolarized-to-polarized thin film converters wherein light propagation is controlled in inter-polarizer space. Switching between 70% and 0.8% transmission states with application of <2 V voltage is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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47. Evaluating an unconfined aquifer by analysis of age-dating tracers in stream water.

Author

Solomon, D. K., Gilmore, T. E., Solder, J. E., Kimball, B., and Genereux, D. P.

Subjects
GROUNDWATER analysis, PIEZOMETERS, STREAM measurements, FLUID flow, MONITORING wells
Abstract

The mean transit time (MTT) is a fundamental property of a groundwater flow system that is strongly related to the ratio of recharge rate to storage volume. However, obtaining samples for estimating the MTT using environmental tracers is problematic as flow-weighted samples over the full spectrum of transit times are needed. Samples collected fromthe base flow of a gaining stream in the North Carolina Coastal Plain (West Bear Creek) that were corrected for exchange with the atmosphere yielded environmental tracer concentrations (SF6 and CFC-11) very similar to flow-weighted values from nine or ten streambed piezometers that directly sampled groundwater during low streamflow. At higher streamflow on the falling limb of the hydrograph, stream tracer concentrations (after correction for gas exchange) were significantly higher than the flow-weighted mean frompiezometers, consistent with dominance of the streamtracer signal by transient influx of surface water and/or younger subsurface water. The apparent MTT derived from SF6 in low flow stream water samples was 26 years, suggesting a groundwater recharge rate of about 210 mm/yr, that is consistent with vertical profiles obtained by sampling nested piezometers in the aquifer. When sampled under low flow conditions when streamflow consists of a high component of groundwater discharge, West Bear Creek appears to act as a flow-weighted integrator of transit times and, streamflow samples can provide fundamental information regarding groundwater recharge rate and MTT. Our study suggests that watershedscale evaluation of some groundwater flow systems is possible without utilizing monitoring wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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48. Predicting Canopy Temperatures and Infrared Heater Energy Requirements for Warming Field Plots.

Author

Kimball, B. A., White, J. W., Ottman, M. J., Wall, G. W., Bernacchi, C. J., Morgan, J., and Smith, D. P.

Abstract

Warming open-field plots using arrays of infrared heaters has proven feasible for conducting experiments to determine the likely effects of global warming on various ecosystems. To date, however, such experimentshave been done for only a fewdegrees(≤3.5°C) of warming, yet climate projections, especially for high latitudes, indicate that future warming may be 10°C or more. Therefore, there is a need to conduct such experiments with more heating, which increases expense. To estimate energy requirements and costs for such temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) experiments, improved theory was developed whereby: (i) the canopy temperature of an unheated plot is computed using the well-accepted Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, with some constraints to calculate aerodynamic resistance; (ii) the desired amount of warming is added; and (iii) the energy balance is re-solved to obtain the additional infrared radiation needed from the heaters to attain the desired temperature of the heated plots. Performance data are presented from T-FACE experiments with 3-m-diameter plots conducted over six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops and for 1-wk periods over soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and northern mixed-grass prairie. The T-FACE system over wheat provided warming temperatures for day and night that were within 0.1°C of the desired setpoint differences. The measured or predicted energy requirements of the T-FACE system for raising the wheat canopy temperatures averaged about 7.0 kWh m-2 d-1. Predictions of canopy temperatures and infrared heating requirements agreed with measurements most of the time for wheat, soybean, and prairie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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49. Evapotranspiration, Canopy Temperature, and Plant Water Relations.

Author

Caldwell, M. M., Heldmaier, G., Jackson, R. B., Lange, O. L., Mooney, H. A., Schulze, E. -D., Sommer, U., Nösberger, Josef, Long, Stephen P., Norby, Richard J., Stitt, Mark, Hendrey, George R., Blum, Herbert, Kimball, B. A., and Bernacchi, C. J.

Abstract

Because e[CO2] causes partial stomatal closure, transpiration from plant leaves is reduced, which has many ramifications for plant water relations, which can be summarized as follows: The reduction in leaf transpiration reduces evaporative cooling with a consequential rise in canopy temperatures. Increases of 0.3-1.7 °C at CO2 concentrations of 550 ppm (200 ppm above current concentrations) have been observed, depending on species and conditions. Such canopy temperature changes are likely to cause shifts in the optimum geographic climate areas for growth of crops and other species.The reduction in transpiration per unit of leaf area with e[CO2] generally leads to a reduction in ET per unit of land area. However, the magnitude of such water conservation at e[CO2] varies with the degree of stimulation of plant growth and the degree of partial stomatal closure. Observed reductions in ET have ranged from near zero for cotton, a woody C3 species with large growth stimulation, to about 16 % for sorghum, a C4 grass with little growth stimulation. In the absence of global warming, such water conservation will reduce the water requirements of irrigated regions, and with global warming, it will help to keep the requirements from rising as much as the warming alone would cause.The reductions in ET with e[CO2] will also lead to increases in soil moisture content, with consequent effects on numerous soil physical, chemical, and biological processes that are influenced by soil moisture content, such as leaching, mineralization, and soil respiration.The reductions in ET and consequent increases in soil moisture can lead to improvements in plant water relations, such as higher plant water potentials. Water conservation with growth in e[CO2] can enable plants to maintain growth longer into drought cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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