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This study is aimed at examining science teachers' views of argument in scientific inquiry and argument-based science instruction. Questionnaires were collected from 53 middle and high school science teachers in the metropolitan area of the Republic of Korea. More than half of these respondents seemed to have a clear understanding of argument in scientific inquiry defining argument as the "discussion of scientific facts and data." Although most teachers seemed to understand the relationship between argument and scientific inquiry, a relatively small number of teachers identified laboratory experiments for a topic of argument-based science instruction. While more than half of these teachers simply viewed "deriving and coordinating various ideas" as a role of argument in science class, some teachers perceived "promoting student learning" as a role of argument including "expanding student thinking," "experiencing of scientific knowledge construction," and "learning scientific knowledge." Of the 13 teachers who had implemented argument-based science classes, nine stated benefits of argument in science class such as "student solving problems on their own," "student sharing ideas and considering various perspectives," "student thinking improvement," "high class participation," and "high student interest." Most of these respondents commented on the difficulties and challenges in implementing argument-based science instruction such as a lack of time and student argument ability. Teachers who did not implement argument-based science instruction gave reasons related to teachers themselves (lack of experience, understanding, and teaching skills), students (lack of experience, knowledge, and willingness to participation), and the learning environment (lack of class time, entrance exam-oriented class, and number of students).

Career adaptability is a prerequisite for ensuring college students' career development and effectively solving career-related problems. Given that secure attachment positively contributes to adaptive functioning, this study examined the mediating effect of South Korean college students' maladaptive perfectionism on the relation between adult attachment insecurity and career adaptability. Further, gender differences in the mediational pathways from attachment insecurity to career adaptability were investigated. Participants include 212 college students (male = 49.1%, female = 50.9%) aged between 19 and 31 years (M[subscript age] = 22.50, SD = 2.15) living in South Korea. Results indicated that for male and female students, the relation between attachment insecurity and career adaptability is mediated by maladaptive perfectionism. The multigroup analysis revealed that the relations between attachment insecurity, maladaptive perfectionism, and career adaptability differed by gender. These results emphasize the importance of understanding college students' personality profiles and supporting their career adaptability based on their personality traits.

1D nanomaterials feature distinct physical properties owing to their characteristic anisotropy and size‐induced quantization; yet, creating an ordered ensemble of the nanomaterials is nontrivial, marking it as a grand challenge in materials science. Herein, the spontaneous alignment of a model 1D nanomaterial, boron nitride nanotube (BNNT), into a highly ordered multidomain film is presented. A conventional, benchtop gravity filtration is employed, during which thickening of the BNNT dispersion leads to a formation of the liquid crystal (LC) phase that is readily isolatable. The spontaneity of the phase separation excludes notoriously persisting synthetic impurities to a degree >99%, from ≈50% of the initial material purity. The LC‐based thin film features an aligned multidomain with an exceptionally low angular deviation of <2.5° and a domain size of >50 μm. A piezoelectric nanogenerator based on the thin film records a 1000‐fold increase in the piezocurrent compared to its random analog. This work demonstrates the first example of the spontaneous alignment of an unconventional nanotube system and the realization of the macroscopic properties therefrom, which can be readily expanded to 1D materials in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report all-soft vertical organic photodetectors composed of only soft components. Chemically and physically enhanced interfacial adhesion between layers enables robust operation under mechanical deformation. Their excellent light-sensing capability and deformable features, combined with powerless operation, promise significant advancements in optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia is traditionally viewed as androgen-dependent, but emerging evidence has implicated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hair loss. Current treatments for alopecia have limited efficacy, leading to the need for new therapies. Human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) play a pivotal role in hair follicle (HF) development and hair growth regulation. In this study, we investigated the potential of (S)-3-((S)-2-(6-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamido)-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6 tetrafluorophenoxy) pentanoic acid (THPA), a pan-caspase inhibitor, to reduce ROS-induced cellular damage and apoptosis in hDPCs. Our study revealed that THPA effectively suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis while also attenuating activated caspase signaling. Additionally, THPA restored the down-regulated expression of β-catenin, a key mediator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in hDPCs exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, significant alterations in Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling were observed following THPA treatment. Notably, THPA treatment led to a reduction in the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in hair follicle regression. Moreover, THPA treatment decreased the expression of the cell senescence markers p21 and p16, suggesting a potential role in preserving hDPC function and delaying hair follicle regression. Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of THPA in preventing hair loss by protecting hDPCs against oxidative stress damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector cells is important for establishing immunity. However, the effect of heterogeneous naive CD8+ T cell populations is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that steady-state naive CD8+ T cells are composed of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations that differ in their ability to differentiate into type 17 cytotoxic effector cells (Tc17) in a context of murine inflammatory disease models, such as inflammatory bowel disease and graft-versus-host disease. The differential ability of Tc17 differentiation is not related to T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity and antigen specificity but is inversely correlated with self-reactivity acquired during development. Mechanistically, this phenomenon is linked to differential levels of intrinsic TCR sensitivity and basal Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 3 (SMAD3) expression, generating a wide spectrum of Tc17 differentiation potential within naive CD8+ T cell populations. These findings suggest that developmental self-reactivity can determine the fate of naive CD8+ T cells to generate functionally distinct effector populations and achieve immense diversity and complexity in antigen-specific T-cell immune responses. The heterogeneity in naive CD8+ T cells is essential for diverse immune responses. Here the authors show that variations in developmental self-reactivity of CD8+ T cells influence their differentiation into Tc17 cells in inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze patients with rhabdomyolysis who presented to emergency departments and identify their distribution of related disease and prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with rhabdomyolysis who presented to emergency departments over a 10-year period. Patient data, including patients' demographic variables (sex and age), mode of arrival, final diagnosis, statin use, rhabdomyolysis trigger factors, and levels of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), myoglobin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphate, calcium, and lactate, were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictive factors of acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: Among the patients, 268 (65.6%) were found to have trigger factors without underlying diseases. Furthermore, 115 (28.2%) patients developed AKI. This comprehensive study sheds light on the diverse factors influencing the occurrence of AKI in rhabdomyolysis and provides insights into AKI predictive markers. Furthermore, we analyzed the cases by dividing them into six groups: occurrence of AKI, occurrence of infection, and simple or complex rhabdomyolysis. CPK time course was found to be important in clinical prognosis, such as AKI occurrence, dialysis or not, and mortality. Conclusions: Age, statin use, elevated creatinine and lactate levels, and initial serum CPK level emerged as significant predictors of AKI. CPK time course was also found to be an important factor in predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with rhabdomyolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reductions in growth and quality due to powdery mildew (PM) disease cause significant economic losses in tomato production. Oidium neolycopersici was identified as the fungal species responsible for tomato PM disease in South Korea in the present study, based on morphological and internal transcribed spacer DNA sequence analyses of PM samples collected from two remote regions (Muju and Miryang). The genes involved in resistance to this pathogen in the tomato accession 'KNU-12' (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were evaluated, and the inheritance of PM resistance in 'KNU-12' was found to be conferred via simple Mendelian inheritance of a mutant allele of the PM susceptibility locus Ol-2 (SlMlo1). Full-length cDNA analysis of this newly identified mutant allele (Slmlo1.1) showed that a 1-bp deletion in its coding region led to a frameshift mutation possibly resulting in SlMlo1 loss-of-function. An alternatively spliced transcript of Slmlo1.1 was observed in the cDNA sequences of 'KNU-12', but its direct influence on PM resistance is unclear. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) and a high-resolution melting (HRM) marker were developed based on the 1-bp deletion in Slmlo1.1, and could be used for efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS) using 'KNU-12' as the source for durable and broad-spectrum resistance to PM. Key words: disease resistance, molecular marker, Oidium neolycopersici, powdery mildew, Solanum lycopersicum. Les diminutions de croissance et de qualite dues a l'oidium entraînent des pertes economiques importantes chez la tomate. Dans le present travail, l'Oidium neolycopersici a ete identifie comme etant l'espèce fongique responsable de l'oidium chez la tomate en Coree du Sud suite a l'etude de la morphologie et l'analyse des espaceurs internes transcrits chez une collection d'echantillons provenant de deux regions isolees (Muju et Miryang). Les gènes impliques dans la resistance a cet agent pathogène chez l'accession 'KNU-12' de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) ont ete evalues. L'heredite mendelienne de la resistance s'est averee être due a un allèle recessif au locus de susceptibilite Ol-2 (SlMlo1). Une analyse de l'ADNc complet de cet allèle mutant nouvellement identifie (Slmlo1.1) a revele une deletion d'un nucleotide dans la region codante, laquelle mène a un changement de cadre de lecture qui entraîne possiblement la perte de fonction de SlMlo1. Un variant d'epissage de Slmlo1.1 a ete observe au sein des sequences d'ADNc produites a partir de 'KNU-12', mais son effet sur la resistance a l'oidium reste incertain. Un marqueur dCAPS (<< derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence >>) et un marqueur HRM (<< high-resolution melting >>) ont ete mis au point sur la base de la deletion chez Slmlo1.1 et pourraient être employes en selection assistee au sein de croisements ou 'KNU-12' est employe comme source de resistance durable et a large spectre face a l'oidium. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : resistance aux maladies, marqueur moleculaire, Oidium neolycopersici, oidium, Solanum lycopersicum., Introduction Powdery mildew (PM) disease is caused by obligate biotrophic ascomycete fungi belonging to the order Erysiphales. The major pathogens causing PM in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are Oidium spp. (O. [...]

Depression and marital satisfaction have a reciprocal cause‐and‐effect relationship. Thus, couple relationships should be considered to maximize the effectiveness of couple‐oriented interventions for depression. Moreover, developing culturally tailored couple‐oriented interventions is critical for improving cultural acceptability and enhancing the perceived effectiveness of the interventions. A new culturally tailored MindGuide Couple intervention was developed to prevent Korean middle adulthood depression and enhance couple relationships using intervention mapping. This feasibility study used a single‐arm, pre‐ and post‐test, and 2‐month follow‐up design to explore the reach, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of this preventive intervention. Reach was assessed by recruitment, retention, and completion rates; acceptability was measured based on helpfulness, suitability, and satisfaction; and preliminary effectiveness was measured by depression (CES‐D), positive and negative affect (PANAS), satisfaction with life (SWLS), couple satisfaction (CSI), and healthy relationship between spouses (FRAS). Fifteen middle‐aged couples participated in four psychoeducational and asynchronous online modules and four synchronous coaching sessions via videoconferencing for 5–7 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures with analysis of variance. With a 94.1% completion rate, the participants demonstrated high satisfaction with the online coaching blended intervention and reported that it was helpful and easy to use. Both husbands and wives showed significant differences over time in depression, couple satisfaction, and healthy relationships between spouses. This feasibility study demonstrated the successful reach, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of this preventive intervention. Additionally, we suggest the importance of culturally tailored and online coaching blended couple‐oriented intervention for preventing depression and promoting healthy couple relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]