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A new address-while-display (AWD) driving method is described for a display panel to obtain a high contrast ratio and a wide operation margin, which is composed of a short ramp reset (SRR) period, a short erase period, a sustain period and an address period as the basic units. The SRR pulse and the short pulse erase period have helped in obtaining a wide operating voltage margin and minimizing the background luminance by redistributing the wall charges in a short initialization time between the address and the scan electrode.

The operation characteristics of an ac plasma display panel (PDP) with Si-doped MgO protecting layer are examined. Lower static operation voltages, higher luminous efficacy and shorter statistical delay time are observed.

The effect of cell resolution change on the luminous efficacy of an alternating current plasma display panel with the three-dimensional plasma simulation is examined. The adoption of the geometrical parameters has caused the reduced plasma loss and hence the transport efficacy of visible light from phosphor through the front plate in a full high definition (HD) cell has resulted in increased improvement with the increase of Xe content.

An alternate application of MgO film for the improvement of discharge characteristics and lifetime in an ac plasma display panel (PDP) is suggested. Results showed that PDP and MgO coated phosphor has more uniform formative delays in address discharges and improved degradation characteristics.

A novel driving method to reduce the addressing time in an ac plasma display panel is proposed. This high-speed method can be used to reduce cost of data drive ICs by changing the dual-scan method to the single-scan method and to improve the picture quality by adding more subfields as a result of reduction in address period.

Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) are drawing interest as future devices for both high-quality display and lighting. However, the current TEOLEDs have external quantum efficiencies of approximately 20%, which still need improvement. To attain high device efficiencies in TEOLEDs, waveguide and surface plasmon polariton modes should be minimised. Many efforts have been made using nano- or micrometre-scale periodic gratings to extract the confined photons. However, significant angular distortion or colour shifts occur as the Bragg condition calls for. Here, an effective method is demonstrated for enhancing the light extraction efficiency from TEOLEDs employing a mask-free plasma-etched polymer surface with stochastically distributed nano-hemispheres. TEOLEDs with the stochastic polymer surface allowed us to achieve a device efficiency enhancement up to 1.55-fold relative to conventional devices without introducing spectral changes and angular emission distortion, unlike periodic grating-embedded devices. Because of the independence of the improvement from the particular emission wavelengths, the proposed TEOLEDs are attractive and practical for use in full colour and white lighting as well as display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change of -OH and -CH3 component ratios in Fourier transform-infrared analysis of low-k materials during photoresist (PR) ashing processes were compared to assess the differences in the damages to low-k materials in a reactive ion etch (RIE) chamber and a magnetized-inductively coupled plasma (M-ICP) chamber. In M-ICP, the PR ashing rate was 28.1% higher than that of RIE, but the low-k material damage in M-ICP decreased when typical ashing conditions were used in each machine. The dependences of low-k material damage and PR ashing rate on the pressure, source power, and bias power in the M-ICP chamber were studied. We measured the ion energy distributions using an ion energy analyzer from which the flux could be also obtained. We found that the PR ashing rate increased as the ion flux increased, while the low-k material damage also increased as the ion flux and the incident ion energy increased. However, as the pressure decreased, the ion flux increased dramatically and the ion energy decreased. As a result, the PR ashing rate could be high and the low-k material damage low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the mechanism of high luminous efficiency discharge with high Xe partial pressure in ac plasma display panel using three-dimensional numerical simulation. Because the electron heating efficiency improves more than the excitation efficiency by electrons under high Xe partial pressure gas condition, it is possible to achieve high efficiency discharge with the increase in the sustain voltage. We studied the effect of barrier rib height variation using ray-optics code in conjunction with the three-dimensional plasma simulation to analyze the effects of cell geometry for varying pressure conditions. The optimal barrier rib height decreased as the Xe partial pressure increased which resulted due to the formation of local, strong sheath under high Xe partial pressure condition. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge characteristics of He-Ne-Xe gas mixture in the plasma display panel are examined by using a two-dimensional numerical simulation in order to understand the effects of adding He and varying the Xe contents in the gas mixture and also varying sustain electrode gap. The studies have shown that the vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) efficacy increased because of the increased electron heating at the gap space at increasing He mixing ratios.

The effect of self-erase discharge on the luminous efficacy of alternating current plasma display panels is analyzed. The studies have shown that the luminous efficacy can be improved by a self-erase discharge when adjusted to occur right before the main discharge in the small gap structure and the luminous efficacy can be increased by suppressing the self-erase discharge.

The photon-induced surface current in MgO thin film is investigated by using monochromatic vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) illumination from a synchrotron radiation source. The results have shown that the surface current has increased rapidly at photon energy of about 9 eV, which has corresponded to the valence band edge of MgO.

Spatial distributions of various plasma parameters such as plasma density, electron temperature, and radical density in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and a magnetized inductively coupled plasma (M-ICP) were investigated and compared. Electron temperature in between the rf window and the substrate holder of M-ICP was higher than that of ICP, whereas the one just above the substrate holder of M-ICP was similar to that of ICP when a weak (<8 G) magnetic field was employed. As a result, radical densities in M-ICP were higher than those in ICP and the etch rate of oxide in M-ICP was faster than that in ICP without severe electron charging in 90nm high aspect ratio contact hole etch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of a particle cloud in plasma etching reactors at the moment when radio frequency (RF) power changes, that is, turning off and transition steps, was observed using the laser-light-scattering method. Two types of reactors, dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) and the hybrid CCP/inductively coupled plasma (ICP), were set up for experiments. In the hybrid CCP/ICP reactor (hereafter ICP reactor), the position and shape of the cloud were strongly dependent on the RF frequency. The particle cloud becomes larger and approaches the electrode as the RF frequency increases. By turning the lower frequency power off later with a small delay time, the particle cloud is made to move away from the electrode. Maintaining lower frequency RF power only was also helpful to reduce the particle cloud size during this transition step. In the ICP reactor, a sufficient bias power is necessary to make a particle trap appear. A similar particle cloud to that in the CCP reactor was observed around the sheath region of the lower electrode. The authors can also use the low-frequency effect to move the particle cloud away from the substrate holder if two or more bias powers are applied to the substrate holder. The dependence of the particle behavior on the RF frequencies suggests that choosing the proper frequency at the right moment during RF power changes can reduce particle contamination effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a new mercury-free flat fluorescent lamp (MFFL) for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights which depict a wide and stable operating voltage margin. It performs the optimization of the phosphor-surface profile in order to enhance the luminance and luminous efficacy of MFFLs. It examines the operating voltage characteristics of a single cell.

The phosphor degradation characteristics of ac-driven plasma display panels (PDPs) upon vacuum UV (VUV) irradiation and ion bombardment were investigated. For experimental investigation, the specific apparatus was Set up so that the intensity of the VUV and ion energy was measured and compared with those of the PDP cell while operating in ac mode. Then, the lifetime of the PDP phosphor was analyzed in terms of degradation. Experimental observations coincide well with known phosphor degradation characteristics such as a faster decrease of photoluminescence of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ on VUV irradiation and ZnSiO4:Mn2+ on ion bombardment. The results also show that the deterioration of phosphor lifetime by ion damage that occurs on the surface is a factor that has a considerable impact on the conditions of PDP operation. Furthermore, this simple experimental approach to investigating phosphor degradation is well suited to identify phosphors and coatings for PDP application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the display characteristics of plasma display panel (PDP), it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the discharge characteristics. In this paper, we performed the discharge analysis of PDP plasma through the numerical simulation using the newly developed energy fluid (EF) model by incorporating the electron's energy conservation equation with the aim of understanding the discharge dynamics. There is a clear difference in the spatiotemporal distribution of electron temperature and Xe excited species obtained with the EF model compared with those of the previous simulation model which used the local field approximation (LFA). In particular, the experimentally observed striation phenomenon in the anode region could be seen, which could not be otherwise observed in the LFA model. Based on the difference in having the striation phenomena in the simulation results using two different models, we explained the striation phenomena occurring as a result of the ionization wave instability associated with the electron streaming in the anode region of the PDP cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long gap structure alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) with ignition electrodes is suggested, and its luminous characteristics are investigated. The operation voltages of the long gap structure PDP can be reduced with the help of ignition electrodes. Luminance and luminous efficacy are improved compared with those of an ac PDP with electrodes having the conventional short discharge gap. The luminance and luminous efficacy of the suggested structure can be further improved by applying address auxiliary pulses synchronized with the sustain pulses. The detailed current waveform analysis suggests that the application of address auxiliary pulse changes the discharge current ratio between the long gap electrodes to the ignition electrodes. By increasing the address auxiliary pulse voltage to a certain extent, the luminous efficacy increased along with the discharge current ratio. It has been also observed that when the width of the long gap discharge electrode is increased, the dynamic voltage margin increased accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of applying auxiliary short pulses to an address electrode with varying Xe contents on the improvement of luminous efficacy. The luminous efficacy increases with the application of auxiliary pulse; however, as the Xe content increases in the Ne-Xe mixture discharge gas, the efficacy improvement effect by auxiliary address pulse discharge decreases. The surface discharge was hardly affected by the face ignition discharge between the address and sustain electrodes, and thus, the high-driving-voltage problem still remains when the high-Xe-content gas is used to get the high luminous efficacy. To decrease the sustain voltages of the high-Xe-content gas, we adopted locally thin dielectric layer structure near the electrode gap. The panel with the suggested grooved dielectric layer structure showed decreased driving voltage margin and improved luminous efficacy even for high-Xe-content gases. We obtained 5 lm/W and 3700 cd/m2 at 220-V, 50-kHz continuous sustaining condition from a monochrome green test panel with the Ne-Xe (16%) mixture, which was about two-and-a-half times improved luminous efficacy as compared to that of the reference structure with Ne-Xe (4%). Full driving feasibility was also checked by applying the auxiliary address pulses to the grooved structure panel. The misaddressing could occur when the auxiliary pulses are applied continuously to the address electrodes in the sustain period, which decreased the driving voltage margin. However, this demerit can be compensated by lowering the driving voltage margin with the adoption of the grooved structure. Also, the address discharge delay decreased by about 48% in the panel with the grooved structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effect of sustain electrode gap variation with various Xe content gas in a coplanar-type ac plasma display panel through 2-D numerical simulation to understand the inherent high-luminous-efficacy mechanism. For the low-Xe content gas condition of 5%, the optimal sustain electrode gap was found to be about 200 μm, because of the steep decrease of electric power delivered to electrons with the increase of electrode gap longer than 200 μm. On the other hand, with the high-Xe content gas of 20%, the efficacy continuously increased as the electrode gap increased beyond 200 μm. We have found that the high luminous efficacy under the condition of long electrode gap and high-Xe content gas is due to the high-electron-heating efficacy in the cathode sheath region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The luminous efficiency characteristics of a new alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) structure with the segmented electrodes in delta color arrayed subpixels with enclosed barrier ribs (SDE) are investigated. The SDE structure which has a 4:3 horizontal to vertical cell dimension ratio showed higher luminance and luminous efficiency increment characteristics as the Xe partial pressure increased compared to those of the conventional stripe type with 1:3 ratio for a given resolution. The luminance and luminous efficiency increases with the electrode width, which provides a means to change the color temperature for the full color panel without using other method such as the subpixel size change. The driving feasibility of SDE structure panel with various electrode widths is confirmed by demonstrating the existence of sufficient driving voltage margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effect of Xe content variation on the luminous efficiency of two different subpixel types, i.e., segmented electrode in delta color arrayed, enclosed subpixel (SDE) and conventional stripe barrier type, in an alternating current plasma display panel through three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations. The simulation result agreed well with the experimental result where the SDE structure showed to have higher luminous efficiency improvement with increasing Xe content than the conventional structure did. The conventional cell type was found to have higher vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) generation efficiency at low Xe content as compared with SDE structure, but as the Xe content increased, the SDE type showed a higher improvement in efficiency due to the lower plasma loss to the enclosing surfaces. Using the ray-optics code in conjunction with the 3-D plasma simulation, the transport efficiency of visible light from phosphor through the front plate in the SDE structure, which has a higher aperture ratio, was higher than that of the conventional structure with much increased improvement with the increase of Xe content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the experimental approaches to understand the microdischarge physics of an alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) cell. We discuss the experimental techniques to explore the major parameters to understand the operation of ac PDP such as the vacuum ultra violet (VUV) emission and wall charge variation. Regarding the discharge dynamics, the detailed VUV emission characteristics were measured and explained by the gas reaction modeling and the microdischarge characteristics during the ramp reset period were compared with the simulation result. The wall voltage and wall charge distribution were measured by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and electro-optic modulation method. The slight increase of the wall voltage by Xe addition to pure He discharge gas was observed by LIF. And the existence of self-erasing discharge results in the drastic decrease of wall charge near discharge gap. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we describe the experimental techniques and numerical modeling approaches to understand the alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) discharge physics. Conventional ac PDP uses microscale dielectric barrier discharge, and the spatio-temporal visualization of discharge not only helps to understand the discharge dynamics, but also validates the models adopted in the computer simulation study of PDP cell. The experimental observations using optical spectroscopy and imaging method turned out to be very helpful especially for the understanding of discharge dynamics including gas reactions and wall charge formation. The numerical simulation shows good agreement with experimental observations which allows us to use the computer simulation to extract more useful information with more confidence. Some parametric study, such as the effects of the variations of cell pitches, address electrode width, barrier rib height, and geometrical structure, etc., on the luminous characteristics of PDP had been carried out and could now well be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new driving circuit for scan electrode in AC PDP was proposed. There are 2 switches per pixel line in current scan driver topology, but the number of scan driver switches can be reduced to one per pixel line with the new scan driver structure using the capacitance between adjacent electrodes. The analysis on the robustness of the proposed circuit was carried out together with the practical driving test We have succeeded in making 64×128 pixel driving circuit, and the performance of the new scan electrode driving circuit was observed. The design outline was presented to which the new scan driver structure is applicable. And the performance change of the proposed scan electrode driving circuit was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The switching power loss due to the panel capacitance during sustain period in AC PDP driving system can be minimized by using the energy recovery circuits. We have proposed a series CLC resonance type ERC (energy recovery circuit), SER1 (Seoul national university Energy Recovery circuit 1st). A load capacitance model was arranged for AC PDP, and the different capacitive load characteristics for the different sustain waveforms were explained. We also arranged the design procedure for SER1, and the experimental circuit was made by this guide. The experimental results of its application to a 42-inch surface discharge type AC PDP full module showed good performance of SER1 in energy recovery rate, which was measured up to 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the viewpoint of a driving scheme, the luminance and luminous efficiency is mainly determined during the sustain period. Therefore, it is very important to understand the characteristics of the wall voltage during the sustain period, which is essential to design the driving pulse scheme. In this study, the quantitative analysis of the wall voltage has been carried by the wall voltage measurement method during the sustain period. The initial difference of the wall voltage is sharply stabilized due to the sustain discharges and it is mainly determined by the sustain voltage. The wall voltage between the sustain electrodes is changed symmetrically for the reference voltage level, while the wall voltage between the address and sustain electrode is positively sustained which is roughly mean value of the total effective voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microdischarge characteristics induced by an auxiliary address pulse with the synchronized application of sustain pulses are investigated based on cross-sectional infrared (IR) (823 nm) observations taken using an image-intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. The IR observations reveal that the application of an auxiliary short pulse with an optimal amplitude and width to the address electrode enhances the intensity of the IR emission. Furthermore, the cross-sectional IR observations demonstrate that the effective infrared emission region is extended toward the address electrode. In addition, a numerical analysis using a two dimensional fluid simulation is also applied to investigate the discharge mechanism relative to the amplitude and width of the auxiliary address pulse. As a result, the improvement in the luminance and luminous efficiency was found to be caused by a face discharge between the address and the sustain (or scan) electrodes, where the face discharge plays an important role in supplying priming particles to the surface discharge and lengthening the discharge path, which in turn intensifies the surface discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of high luminous efficiency discharges with high Xe content in an ac plasma display panel was analyzed by computer simulation using a two-dimensional fluid model. The model has reproduced well the experimental results. The high luminous efficiency with high Xe content is attributed to high electron heating efficiency as well as high excitation efficiency by electron. The electron heating efficiency is increased with increasing the sustaining voltage under high Xe content and this phenomenon was analyzed by investigating the cathode sheath and secondary electron emission characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alternating current plasma display panel (AC I)1)I'} is generally driven by the subfield method to realize the gray ,,ale, and each subfield is composed of reset, address and display period. Therefore, a significant time should be allocated to an address period in high-resolution PDP, which results in a short display period and a reduction of brightness, and so the dual scan method has been widely used to solve this problem. In this case, however the address electrodes need to be physically divided into two parts and driven by different data drive integrated circuits OCs), thereby causing a cost up due to doubling the number of data drive ICs. In this paper, we investigate the factors that could influence the address discharge time lag and, in particular, the electric field effects and priming particle effects are compared in order to achieve high speed addressing. In this regard, the address characteristics of high-Xe content panel are investigated from which it was found that the address discharge time lag was reduced to one half that of the conventional method when the priming particles are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional fluid code was used to investigate the effects of discharge cell's geometrical parameters on the characteristics of the addressing and the sustaining discharges. The main parameters investigated in this study are the cell pitch, the address electrode width, and the barrier rib height. The investigated discharge characteristics are the sustain voltage range, the luminance and efficiency, and the minimum applied voltage needed for the successful addressing. In this study, it was found that a larger cell pitch or a higher barrier rib can lower the sustain voltage range and a wider address electrode can lower the addressing voltage. Also, we obtained that the luminance and efficiency dependence on the sustain voltage for various values of each parameter. Especially for the analysis of the barrier rib height effect, we developed a ray-optics code where the luminance and efficiency can be calculated in terms of the visible light. From this analysis, we found that although cells with a higher barrier rib generate more VUV photons, there exists an optimal barrier rib height for a given cell pitch that gives the highest visible luminance and efficiency because of the shadow effect by the barrier ribs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which developed a three dimensional (3-D) simulation for the analysis of the plasma discharge in an alternating current plasma display panel cell. Description of 3-D model equations; Characteristics of plasma discharge; Luminance and efficiency due to sustain voltage.

Presents a study which developed a two-dimensional model to understand the discharge dynamics and vacuum ultra violet generation efficiency of an alternating current plasma display panel. Description of the model; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Provides information on a study that investigated the characteristics of the address discharge of an alternating current plasma display panel adopting a ramping reset pulse using two-dimensional numerical simulation. Background on an alternating current plasma display panel; Methodology; Results and discussion.

Discusses a study which examined the use of asymmetric pulse driving in an alternating current (ac) plasma display panel (PDP). Improvement in the luminance and luminous efficacy of the ac PDP; Investigation of spectral and temporal emission characteristics of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV); Relation of luminous efficacy and VUV emission with pulse off-time ratio and gas pressure.

This paper reports the results of the high-rate dry etching of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) at room temperature using BCl3/O2 plasma. We achieved an etch rate of 250 nm/min. We inferred from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis that BOx or BOClx radicals generated from BCl3/O2 plasma cause the etching of the IGZO material. O2 initiates the etching of IGZO, and Ar removes nonvolatile byproducts from the surface during the etching process. Consequently, a smooth etched surface results when these gases are added to the etch gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have applied a double protecting layer consisting of SrO and MgO to a plasma display panel. The top MgO layer protects the underlying SrO from contamination by H2O or CO2 when exposed to air and enables it to function as the main cathode material after the aging process, which partially removes the MgO layer. We have confirmed that the adoption of a double SrO-MgO layer results in a considerable reduction in driving voltage and improvement in luminous efficacy simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a method for reducing the dynamic false con tour(DFC) in PDP is proposed. First, the moving pixel distortion (MFD) values are calculated for the whole image. Then, the image is divided to the fixed square blocks and the mean MPD value of the blocks is calculated, and the chessboard pattern is added to the blocks to be processed. The pattern strength is modified according to the mean MPD value of each block The pattern strength is limited and the patterns for odd and even frame are made to be opposite with each other to lessen the visibility of image modulation. The chessboard pattern is effective for scattering DFC and changing DFC strength, causing the DFC visibility to be greatly reduced. The newly proposed method is independent of the motion and does not require expensive calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power deposition profiles and spatial distributions of electron density and temperature of magnetized inductively coupled argon plasma are visualized using self-consistent fluid simulation. The model uses Ampere's law with anisotropic conductivity, particle, and energy conservation equation with anisotropic transport coefficient. Spatial distribution of power absorption shows clear development of cavity mode of low-frequency R wave. More uniform density distribution is found in magnetized discharge than in ordinary inductively coupled discharge. The effects of nonuniform electron density and magnetic flux density are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on the history of the plasma display panel (PDP), and another on the modeling of PDP microdischarges.

The spatio-temporal variation of infrared (IR) emission images were obtained from a real three dimensional (3-D) discharge space of a surface discharge type, alternating current plasma display panel (ac PDP) cell with the Ne-Xe (4%) 400 torr gas mixture. IR emissions were observed in each period of Address and Display Separation (ADS) driving scheme with ramp initializing waveform using an image intensified charge coupled device (IC CD) camera and the roles of each electrodes were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]