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Abstract Mental health literacy is vital for well-being in educational settings, extending beyond academics to include social and emotional development. It empowers individuals, allowing them to recognize and address their mental health needs and provide essential support to their peers. Despite the acknowledged importance of modifiable factors, there is a noticeable research gap in those amenable to change through educational interventions. Thus, this systematic review aims to identify potentially modifiable predictors of mental health literacy in the educational context. A systematic search was conducted for quantitative studies published between 2019 and October 2023 using several databases following PRISMA guidelines. Studies needed to focus on potentially modifiable predictors of mental health literacy in the educational context. Study quality was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool). In total, 3747 titles and abstracts were screened, 60 articles were assessed in full-text screening, and 21 were included in the review. Significant correlations between mental health literacy and modifiable predictors, including stigma toward professional help, self-efficacy, attitudes toward help-seeking, social support, positive psychological states, receiving mental health training, and psychological distress, were identified. By addressing these factors, educational institutions can cultivate community’s adept in mental health, fostering an environment marked by empathy, understanding, and proactive engagement in addressing mental health issues. The implications serve as a foundation for future research, policy development, and implementing of practical strategies to enhance mental health literacy in diverse educational settings.

Abstract Background There is minimal data of health outcomes for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in Southeast Asia (SEA) where government funding of insulin and blood glucose monitoring either do not exist or is limited. The full impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the national economies of SEA remain unknown. In the midst of the pandemic, in 2021, HelloType1 was developed by Action4Diabetes (A4D), a non-government organisation charity in collaboration with Southeast Asia local healthcare professionals as an innovative digital educational resource platform of T1D in local languages. HelloType1 was launched in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia in 2021 to 2022 with Memorandums of Understandings (MOUs) signed between A4D and each country. Internet data analytics were undertaken between the 1st of January 2022 to 31st of December 2022. Aims The aims of this study were to explore the usability and internet data analytics of the HelloType1 online educational platform within each country. Methods The data analytics were extracted Google analytics that tracks data from the website hellotype1.com and Facebook analytics associated with the website. Results There was a 147% increase in the number of HelloType1 users between the first 6 months versus the latter 6 months in 2022 and a 15% increase in the number of pages visited were noted. The majority of traffic source were coming from organic searches with a significant increase of 80% growth in 2022. Conclusions The results of the analytics provide important insights on how an innovative diabetes digital educational resource in local languages may be optimally delivered in low-middle income countries with limited resources.

This article uses data from the second-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) satellites (wetPf2) to study the temperature and humidity properties of the air masses over Paracel and Spratly Islands in the Vietnam East Sea (South China Sea). The satellite observational data were validated with the radiosonde data from three stations in Vietnam: Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City. Subsequently, the wetPf2 data are used to analyze the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity variations of the air masses over the Paracel and Spratly regions. Results show that the mean error of the satellite observational data for temperature ranges from −0.06°C to −0.02°C, with standard deviations ranging from 0.73°C to 1.04°C. The mean error of relative humidity fluctuates between 11.6% and 12.5%, with standard deviations ranging from 15.1% to 19.1%. The values are reasonable and comparable to those in previous studies. Seasonal variations of temperature and humidity show that the air mass over the Paracel Islands exhibits a larger annual temperature with an annual variation of approximately 5.0°C, significantly higher than the value of 2.2°C in the air mass over the Spratly Islands. The difference may be due to the greater influence of continental and seasonal wind systems in the northern region. Within both air masses, the annual temperature variation in the boundary layer is much larger than that in the free atmosphere. Annual relative humidity variation is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The significant changes in the relative humidity with height during winter and no significant change of the relative humidity with height during summer may be related to the important role of strong convective activity carrying moist air upward to higher atmospheric levels during the summer time.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models available in MATLAB Regression Learner app and MATLAB App Designer, both low-code applications, for accurately predicting punching shear strength (PSS) in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. A database of 379 RC slab samples without transverse reinforcement was compiled from renowned publications. RandomSearch and Bayesian optimisation were employed for tuning hyperparameters. The performance of these models was compared with six empirical models, which included three current design codes, three equations from other researchers, and 227 finite-element simulations conducted by the authors. The ML models and finite-element method (FEM) demonstrated superior performance compared with the literature and practical codes. Furthermore, the results emphasised the exceptional performance of the Gaussian process regression (GPR) with optimised hyperparameters, exhibiting the best performance in validation, training, and testing datasets with R2 values of 0.95, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. A user-friendly standalone application was developed, providing real-time predictions of the PSS using the two best-developed ML models, GPR and support vector machine (SVM), as well as six empirical models from the literature. This tool offers users flexibility in choosing the most appropriate model for their specific needs, delivering reliable, and accurate results for estimating the PSS of RC slabs.

The T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay detects T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) in newborns and is especially important to identify severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). A spectrum of SCID variants and non-SCID conditions that present with TCL are being discovered with increasing frequency by newborn screening (NBS). Recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency is one the most common causes of classical and atypical SCID and other conditions with immune dysregulation. We present the case of an asymptomatic male with undetectable TRECs on NBS at 1 week of age. The asymptomatic newborn was found to have severe TCL, but normal B cell quantities and lymphocyte proliferation upon mitogen stimulation. Next generation sequencing revealed compound heterozygous hypomorphic RAG variants, one of which was novel. The moderately decreased recombinase activity of the RAG variants (16 and 40%) resulted in abnormal T and B-cell receptor repertoires, decreased fraction of CD3+ TCRVα7.2+ T cells and an immune phenotype consistent with the RAG hypomorphic variants. The patient underwent successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 5 months of age. This case illustrates how after identification of a novel RAG variant, in vitro studies are important to confirm the pathogenicity of the variant. This confirmation allows the clinician to expedite definitive treatment with HSCT in an asymptomatic phase, mitigating the risk of serious infectious and non-infectious complications.

Both dietary oleic acid and plant sterols are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. We have produced phytosteryl oleates through enzymatic reactions. Cardiovascular benefits of phytosteryl oleates were investigated in apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice over 7 weeks at an oral dose of 2% (w/w). The mice treated with phytosteryl oleates had significantly lower very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations as compared to the control group. The treated group also had significantly higher levels of cholesterol, campesterol and sitosterol in faecal materials as compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in the volume of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots. Furthermore, histological and biochemical analysis of hepatic tissues showed comparable data between the 2 groups of mice. This plus comparable body weight gain suggest a higher degree of safety and tolerability for phytosteryl oleates over 7 weeks of experimentation in this animal model. The data so obtained suggest a strong anti-atherogenic activity for phytosteryl oleates in apo E-KO mice. Additional studies are needed to confirm such effects over a longer period of time in this and other relevant animal models.

BACKGROUND:The results from cross sectional and longitudinal studies show that periodontitis is closely associated with cognitive impairment (CI) and Alzhemer's Disease (AD). Further, studies using animal model of periodontitis and human post-mortem brain tissues from subjects with AD strongly suggest that a gram-negative periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or its product gingipain is/are translocated to the brain. However, neuropathology resulting from Pg oral application is not known. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure of wild type C57BL/6 mice to orally administered Pg results in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and formation of intra- and extracellular amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are pathognomonic signs of AD. METHODS:Experimental chronic periodontitis was induced in ten wild type 8-week old C57BL/6 WT mice by repeated oral application (MWF/week) of Pg/gingipain for 22 weeks (experimental group). Another 10 wild type 8-week old C57BL/6 mice received vehicle alone (control group) MWF per week for 22 weeks. Brain tissues were collected and the presence of Pg/gingipain was determined by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy, confocal microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The hippocampi were examined for the signs of neuropathology related to AD: TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 expression (neuroinflammation), NeuN and Fluoro Jade C staining (neurodegeneration) and amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ42) production and phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser396 were assessed by IF and confocal microscopy. Further, gene expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein10 (ADAM10) for α-secretase and presenilin1 (PSEN1) for ɣ-secretase, and NeuN (rbFox3) were determined by RT-qPCR. Microgliosis and astrogliosis were also determined by IF microscopy. RESULTS:Pg/gingipain was detected in the hippocampi of mice in the experimental group by immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and qPCR confirming the translocation of orally applied Pg to the brain. Pg/gingipain was localized intra-nuclearly and peri-nuclearly in microglia (Iba1+), astrocytes (GFAP+), neurons (NeuN+) and was evident extracellularly. Significantly greater levels of expression of IL6, TNFα and IL1β were evident in experimental as compared to control group (p

This article uses data from the second-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) satellites (wetPf2) to study the temperature and humidity properties of the air masses over Paracel and Spratly Islands in the Vietnam East Sea (South China Sea). The satellite observational data were validated with the radiosonde data from three stations in Vietnam: Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City. Subsequently, the wetPf2 data are used to analyze the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity variations of the air masses over the Paracel and Spratly regions. Results show that the mean error of the satellite observational data for temperature ranges from −0.06°C to −0.02°C, with standard deviations ranging from 0.73°C to 1.04°C. The mean error of relative humidity fluctuates between 11.6% and 12.5%, with standard deviations ranging from 15.1% to 19.1%. The values are reasonable and comparable to those in previous studies. Seasonal variations of temperature and humidity show that the air mass over the Paracel Islands exhibits a larger annual temperature with an annual variation of approximately 5.0°C, significantly higher than the value of 2.2°C in the air mass over the Spratly Islands. The difference may be due to the greater influence of continental and seasonal wind systems in the northern region. Within both air masses, the annual temperature variation in the boundary layer is much larger than that in the free atmosphere. Annual relative humidity variation is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The significant changes in the relative humidity with height during winter and no significant change of the relative humidity with height during summer may be related to the important role of strong convective activity carrying moist air upward to higher atmospheric levels during the summer time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models available in MATLAB Regression Learner app and MATLAB App Designer, both low-code applications, for accurately predicting punching shear strength (PSS) in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. A database of 379 RC slab samples without transverse reinforcement was compiled from renowned publications. RandomSearch and Bayesian optimisation were employed for tuning hyperparameters. The performance of these models was compared with six empirical models, which included three current design codes, three equations from other researchers, and 227 finite-element simulations conducted by the authors. The ML models and finite-element method (FEM) demonstrated superior performance compared with the literature and practical codes. Furthermore, the results emphasised the exceptional performance of the Gaussian process regression (GPR) with optimised hyperparameters, exhibiting the best performance in validation, training, and testing datasets with R2 values of 0.95, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. A user-friendly standalone application was developed, providing real-time predictions of the PSS using the two best-developed ML models, GPR and support vector machine (SVM), as well as six empirical models from the literature. This tool offers users flexibility in choosing the most appropriate model for their specific needs, delivering reliable, and accurate results for estimating the PSS of RC slabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pr imary ur inary neuroendocr ine neoplasms (U-NENs) are extremely rare thus optimal treatment is unknown. Grading and treatment are typically extrapolated from other primary sites. Since 2010, the clinical landscape for NENs has changed substantially. We performed a retrospective review of U-NENs to assess treatment patterns and oncologic outcomes of patients treated in the recent era of NEN therapy. Patients and Methods: A multicenter retrospective review of patients diagnosed after 2005 and alive after 2010. Time to treatment failure (TTF) was used to evaluate progression and toxicity for systemic therapy. Tumors were categorized as having either well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (WDNET) or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC) histology. Results: A total of 134 patients from 6 centers were included in our analysis, including 94 (70%) bladder, 32 (24%) kidney, 2 (1.5%) urethra and 4 other ur inary pr imar ies (3.0%). Poor ly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma was more common in bladder (92%) than non-bladder tumors (8%). Median Ki-67 available in bladder primary was 90% (n = 24), kidney 10% (n = 23), ureter 95% (n = 1), urethra 54% (n = 2), and others 90% (n = 3). Patients received a median of 2 therapies (range 0-10). Median time to death was not reached in locoregional WDNETs versus 8.2 years (95% CI, 3.5-noncalculable) in metastatic WDNETs (predominantly renal primary). Median time to death was 3.6 years (95% CI, 2.2-9.2) in locoregional PDNECs versus 1 year (95% CI, 0.8-1.3) in metastatic PDNECs (predominantly bladder primary). Conclusion: This is the most extensive series examining treatment patterns in patients with U-NENs in the recent era of NEN therapy. The apparent inferior survival for bladder NENs is likely due to the preponderance of PDNECs in this group. As predicted, treatments for U-NENs mirrored that of other more common NENs. In our retrospective cohort, we observed that patients with WD-UNETs treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and everolimus suggested potential activity for disease control in WD-UNETs. Prospective studies are needed to assess the activity of new oncology drugs in UNENs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review critically examines the intersection of digital transformation and circular economy (CE) principles within the built environment. While digitalisation has been shown to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability in construction, its role in fostering circularity is less established. This study analyzes literature from 2010 to 2022, focusing on how digital technologies such as open-BIM, digital twins, material passports, blockchain, RFID, and gamification can integrate into and enhance the circular building lifecycle. The findings reveal that while digital tools are pivotal in design and construction phases, their application to existing structures is less straightforward, with challenges including the absence of digital twins for demolished structures, the high costs of retrofit digitalisation, and the predominant focus on environmental benefits over practical implementation. The review also highlights the need for a unified digital transformation strategy and greater cross-industry collaboration. Future research directions are proposed, including the development of localized material banks, the application of RFID in circularity, the scope of Design for Disassembly (DfD) tools, digital inventory of existing buildings, the circularity of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) databases, and policy implications for promoting circular construction practices.

Genetic improvement for quality traits, especially color and meat yield, has been limited in aquaculture because the assessment of these traits requires that the animals be slaughtered first. Genotyping technologies do, however, provide an opportunity to improve the selection efficiency for these traits. The main purpose of this study is to assess the potential for using genomic information to improve meat yield (soft tissue weight and condition index), body shape (cup and fan ratios), color (shell and mantle), and whole weight traits at harvest in the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata. The study consisted of 647 oysters: 188 oysters from 57 full-sib families from the first generation and 459 oysters from 33 full-sib families from the second generation. The number per family ranged from two to eight oysters for the first and 12–15 oysters for the second generation. After quality control, a set of 13,048 markers were analyzed to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and predictive accuracy of the genomic selection for these traits. The multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for meat yield traits: 0.43 for soft tissue weight and 0.77 for condition index. The estimated genomic heritabilities were 0.45 for whole weight, 0.24 for cup ratio, and 0.33 for fan ratio and ranged from 0.14 to 0.54 for color traits. The genetic correlations among whole weight, meat yield, and body shape traits were favorably positive, suggesting that the selection for whole weight would have beneficial effects on meat yield and body shape traits. Of paramount importance is the fact that the genomic prediction showed moderate to high accuracy for the traits studied (0.38–0.92). Therefore, there are good prospects to improve whole weight, meat yield, body shape, and color traits using genomic information. A multi-trait selection program using the genomic information can boost the genetic gain and minimize inbreeding in the long-term for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-lipid diet (HLD) may lead to adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and endothelial dysfunction in conditions of hemodynamic stress. Although congenital absence of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) leads to adverse LV remodeling after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), the effects of a HLD in this state remains unknown. Wild-type (WT) and NOS3 knockout mice (NOS3-/-) were randomized into the following 4 groups: 1) WT + low-lipid diet (LLD) (10% of energy); 2) WT + HLD (60% of energy); 3) NOS3-/- + LLD; and 4) NOS3-/- + HLD for a total of 12 wk. After 1 wk of randomization, TAC was performed on all groups. Serial echocardiography revealed a decrease in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) in WT and NOS3-/- mice fed the HLD compared with those fed the LLD diet at 12 wk post-TAC. Mice fed the NOS3-/- + HLD diet had a lower LVEF compared with mice in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). There was greater myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and percentage change in plasma cholesterol concentrations in the NOS3-/- + HLD group 12 wk post-TAC compared with the other 3 groups. Although high molecular weight fibroblast growth factor-2, a marker of cardiac hypertrophy, was more upregulated in the NOS3-/- + HLD group than in the other groups, markers of the renin-angiotensin system did not differ among them. A HLD potentiates LV dysfunction in NOS3-/- mice in a chronic pressure overload state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both fish and flaxseed oils are major sources of different n-3 fatty acids. Beneficial effects of fish oil on posttransplantation complications have been reported. The current study aimed to compare the effects of flaxseed and fish oils in a rat cardiac allograft model. Male Fischer and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively, to generate a heterotopic cardiac allograft model. Animals were randomly assigned into three groups and fed a diet supplemented with 1) 5% (wt/wt) safflower oil (control, n = 7), 2) 5% (wt/wt) flaxseed oil (n 8), or 3) 2% (wt/wt) fish oil (n = 7), and an intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A (CsA; 1.5 mg·kg-1·day-1) over 12 wk. Body weight, blood pressure, plasma levels of lipids, CsA, select cytokines, as well as graft function and chronic rejection features were assessed. Body weight and blood CsA levels were similar among the groups. Relative to controls, both treated groups had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma levels of macrophage chemotactic protein-1. Treatment with fish oil significantly (P < 0.05) lowered plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the flaxseed oil-treated group compared with the other two groups. Both flaxseed oil and fish oil may provide similar biochemical, hemodynamic, and inflammatory benefits after heart transplantation; however, neither of the oils was able to statistically significantly impact chronic rejection or histological evidence of apparent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic selection has been widely used in terrestrial animals but has had limited application in aquaculture due to relatively high genotyping costs. Genomic information has an important role in improving the prediction accuracy of breeding values, especially for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. The purposes of this study were to (i) further evaluate the use of genomic information to improve prediction accuracies of breeding values from, (ii) compare different prediction methods (BayesA, BayesCπ and GBLUP) on prediction accuracies in our field data, and (iii) investigate the effects of different SNP marker densities on prediction accuracies of traits in the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata). The traits studied are all of economic importance and included morphometric traits (shell length, shell width, shell depth, shell weight), edibility traits (tenderness, taste, moisture content), and disease traits (Polydora sp. and Marteilioides chungmuensis). A total of 18,849 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from genotyping by sequencing and used to estimate genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for these traits. Multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for edibility traits; 0.44 for moisture content, 0.59 for taste, and 0.72 for tenderness. The morphometric traits, shell length, shell width, shell depth and shell weight had estimated genomic heritabilities ranging from 0.28 to 0.55. The genomic heritabilities were relatively low for the disease related traits: Polydora sp. prevalence (0.11) and M. chungmuensis (0.10). Genomic correlations between whole weight and other morphometric traits were from moderate to high and positive (0.58–0.90). However, unfavourably positive genomic correlations were observed between whole weight and the disease traits (0.35–0.37). The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) showed slightly higher accuracy for the traits studied (0.240–0.794) compared with both BayesA and BayesCπ methods but these differences were not significant. In addition, there is a large potential for using low-density SNP markers for genomic selection in this population at a number of 3000 SNPs. Therefore, there is the prospect to improve morphometric, edibility and disease related traits using genomic information in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in ovarian cancer is important for genetic counseling and treatment decision making with poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors. Unfortunately, data on the frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations in Vietnamese patients are scare., Methods: We aim to explore the occurrence of BRCA1/2 mutations in 101 Vietnamese patients with ovarian cancer including serous (n = 58), endometrioid (n = 14), mucinous (n = 24), and clear cell (n = 5) carcinomas. BRCA1/2 mutations were detected from formalin-fixed parafin-embedded tumor samples using the OncomineTM BRCA Research Assay on Personal Genome Machine Platform with Ion Reporter Software for sequencing data analysis. The presence of pathogenic mutations was confirmed by Sanger sequencing., Results: We found no BRCA2 mutation in the entire cohort. Four types of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 (Ser454Ter, Gln541Ter, Arg1751Ter, and Gln1779AsnfsTer14) were detected in 8 unrelated patients (7.9%) belonging to serous and endometrioid carcinoma groups. Except for the c.1360&#95;1361delAG (Ser454Ter) mutation in BRCA1 exon 11 that was somatic, the other mutations in exons 11, 20, and 22 were germline.  Interestingly, the recurrent Arg1751Ter mutation in BRCA1 exon 20 appeared in 4 patients, suggesting that this is a founder mutation in Vietnamese patients., Conclusion: Mutational analysis of tumor tissue using next generation sequencing allowed the detection of both germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations., .