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In the current study, a straightforward high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) approach was developed and validated to identify a novel drug compound called 5-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (A3). By putting the compound's solution under hydrolytic, oxidative, and photolytic stress, the method's capacity to detect stability was put to the test. A gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile, orthophosphoric acid, and methanol (90:051:05 v/v), at a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min, was used for the chromatographic separation on a C18 column (Promosil, 5μ, 4.60 250 mm), which was maintained at 40°C and a photodiode array detector was used for detection. At concentrations between 10 and 100.00 μg/mL, Beer's rule was observed. The recovery (99.25–100%, standard deviation [SD] 5%), intraday accuracy and precision (98.62–99.91%, relative standard deviation [RSD] 5%), interday accuracy and precision (96.25–99.91%, RSD 5%), and intermediate accuracy and precision (98.10–99.91%, RSD 5%) all indicated that the developed method was reliable, repeatable, reproducible, and robust. In cases of thermal and moisture deterioration, respectively, the compound's peak resolution and selectivity factors from the nearest resolving peak revealed specificity and selectivity. The selected synthesized compound barely broke down under oxidative and alkaline hydrolytic stress. However, the compound was resistant to photolysis in neutral and acidic environments. The results of this study demonstrate the sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity of the established approach for quality control, stability testing, and preformulation investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe clinical use of selegiline hydrochloride in conventional dosage forms is to reduce the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its limited access to the brain, short half-life, and first-pass metabolism minimize brain uptake. Nano-based liposomes offer promising tools for brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics, especially intranasally administered cationic liposomes that target the brain region via the olfactory route and reduce biodistribution. In the present work, cationic liposomes encapsulated with selegiline hydrochloride were fabricated for intranasal administration against PD. The liposomes were initially optimized by Box Behnken design, and the selected run was coated with stearylamine to provide a cationic charge to the liposomes. The final coated liposomes, SH-LP3, demonstrated a minimum size of 173 ± 2.13 nm, an ideal zeta potential of +16 ± 1.98, and achieved a maximum entrapment efficiency of 40.14 ± 1.83%. Morphology analysis showed the spherical shape of liposomes in the size range of 100–200 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay in SHSY5Y cell lines showed a significant decrease in toxicity, almost ten times less, compared to pure selegiline hydrochloride. Animal studies on rotenone-lesioned C57BL6 mice model for PD were performed to investigate the effect of intranasally administered liposomes. The SH-LP3 formulation exhibited remarkable effectiveness in relieving symptoms of PD. This extensive analysis emphasizes the possibility of intranasally administered SH-LP3 liposomes as a feasible treatment option for PD. The formulation not only delivers continuous drug release but also displays better safety and efficacy, providing a platform for additional studies and growth in the domain of PD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are more than two hundred fifty different types of cancers, that are diagnosed around the world. Prostate cancer is one of the suspicious type of cancer spreading very fast around the world, it is reported that in 2018, 29430 patients died of prostate cancer in the United State of America (USA), and hence it is expected that one out of nine men diagnosed with this severe disease during their lives. Medical science has identified cancer at several stages and indicated genes mutations involved in the cancer cell progressions. Genetic implications have been studied extensively in cancer cell growth. So most efficacious drug for prostate cancer is highly required just like other severe diseases for men. So nutraceutical companies are playing major role to manage cancer disease by the recommendation of best natural products around the world, most of these natural products are isolated from plant and mushrooms because they contain several chemoprotective agents, which could reduce the chances of development of cancer and protect the cells for further progression. Some nutraceutical supplements might activate the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects by the mechanism of cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation procedures and changes in the redox states, but in other, it also elevate the levels of effectiveness of chemotherapeutic mechanism and in results, cancer cell becomes less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we have highlighted the prostate cancer and importance of nutraceuticals for the control and management of prostate cancer, and the significance of nutraceuticals to cancer patients during chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases are the most widely affected disease condition in an aging population. The treatment available reduces the elevated manifestations but is ineffective due to the drug's poor bioavailability, plasma stability, and permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Until now, no therapeutic compound has been able to stop the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Even the available therapeutic moiety manages it with possible adverse effects up to the later stage. Hence, phytobioactive compounds of plant origin offer effective treatment strategies against neurodegenerative diseases. The only difficulty of these phytobioactive compounds is permeability across the BBB. Engineered nanocarriers such as liposomes provide high lipid permeability across BBB. Liposomes have unique physicochemical properties that are widely investigated for their application in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. The surface modification on liposomes by peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers offers receptor targeting. These brain-targeted approaches by liposomes improve the efficacy of phytoconstituents. Additional surface modification methods are utilized on liposomes, which increases the brain-targeted delivery of phytobioactive compounds. The marketing strategy of the liposomal delivery system is in its peak mode, where it has the potential to modify the existing therapy. This review will summarize the brain target liposomal delivery of phytobioactive compounds as a novel disease-modifying agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases. • Neurodegenerative diseases have a mortifying effect on the health of aged people around the globe. • Phytobioactive compounds shown to be beneficial in decreasing the occurrence of the neurodegenerative process. • Nanocarriers like liposomes can provide promising opportunities for improving neurodegenerative diseases. • Liposomal delivery facilitates the passage of phytobioactive compounds across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy and minimizes the side effects related to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with limited symptomatic therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major risk factor in the progression of ND, and it-increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overexposure to these ROS induces apoptotic changes leading to neuronal cell death. Many studies have shown the prominent effect of phytobioactive compounds in managing mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with ND, mainly due to their antioxidant properties. The drug delivery to the brain is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but effective drug concentration needs to reach the brain for the therapeutic action. Therefore, developing safe and effective strategies to enhance drug entry in the brain is required to establish ND's treatment. The microneedle-based drug delivery system is one of the effective non-invasive techniques for drug delivery through the transdermal route. Microneedles are micronsized drug delivery needles that are self-administrable. It can penetrate through the stratum corneum skin layer without hitting pain receptors, allowing the phytobioactive compounds to be released directly into systemic circulation in a controlled manner. With all of the principles mentioned above, this review discusses microneedles as a versatile drug delivery carrier for the phytoactive compounds as a therapeutic potentiating agent for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the management of ND., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)