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(1) Background: Participation in daily activities is critical for a child's health, development and wellbeing and is considered a main outcome measure of intervention efficiency. Atopic diseases affect children's daily life and routines but the knowledge about impacts on participation is limited. (2) Objectives: a. to profile the preference to participate in daily activities of children with atopic diseases as compared to healthy controls; b. to profile sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) in each atopic group; c. to examine whether SMD correlate with activity preference. (3) Methods: This cross-section and correlative study included 253 children aged 4–11: 37 with Asthma, 37 with atopic dermatitis (AD), and 31 with Rhinitis. The controls were 148 healthy children. All children completed the Preference for Activities of Children (PAC) while their parents completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). (4) Results: Children with atopic diseases showed significantly lower preference to participate in activities than healthy controls and preferred quiet activities that can be performed alone. Within the atopic groups, children with AD, and specifically girls, had the highest activity preference while boys with Asthma had the lowest preference. SMD was significantly more prevalent in children with atopic diseases and correlated with their reduced preference to participate in activities. (5) Conclusions: Atopic diseases may restrict children's participation. Clinicians should evaluate participation of children with atopic diseases and examine whether comorbidities as SMD affect participation. Understanding the implications on children's daily life may improve intervention efficiency and elevate development and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of a structural lesion or other identifiable cause. Cytokines, which are involved in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PTC. In a prospective, cross-sectional study at three centers in Israel, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 60 children aged 0.5–18 years, including 43 children with a definitive diagnosis of PTC and a control group of 17 children. Levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13, BDNF, and IFN-γ were measured using ELISA kits. Levels of CCL2 were significantly higher in the PTC group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with no other significant differences in the measured cytokines between the two groups. The groups did not differ significantly in clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, or ophthalmic findings. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that CCL2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PTC and may serve a potential target for therapy in PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) experience a high burden of disease due to unpredictable, painful, disfiguring, and potentially life‐threatening HAE attacks. Multiple HAE‐specific medications for the on‐demand treatment, short‐term and long‐term prophylaxis of HAE attacks have entered the market in recent years; however, the availability and access to these medications may vary between different countries. For this review, PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for guidelines, consensus statements, and other publications on HAE management as well as publications on quality of life in patients with HAE. The current guidelines and recent literature on HAE management in specific countries are summarized with the aim to highlight the similarities and differences between guideline recommendations and the country‐specific clinical practice. Improvement in quality of life, which is a key goal in HAE management, is also discussed and the country‐specific trends are highlighted. Finally, the ways to achieve a more patient‐centric approach to HAE management within the framework set by the clinical management guidelines are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are now employed globally and have shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, less is known about the vaccine efficacy in immune-suppressed individuals. This study sought to explore whether humoral immunity to the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 is altered in RA patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors by analysing their antibodies titre, neutralization activity and B cell responses. Methods We collected plasma samples from 12 RA patients who were treated with Janus kinase inhibitors and received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, as well as 26 healthy individuals who were vaccinated with the same vaccine. We analysed the quantity of the anti-spike IgG and IgA antibodies that were elicited following the BNT162b2 vaccination, the plasma neutralization capacity and the responsiveness of the B-lymphocytes. We used ELISA to quantify the antibody titres, and a plasma neutralization assay was used to determine the virus neutralization capacity. Alteration in expression of the genes that are associated with B cell activation and the germinal centre response were analysed by quantitative PCR. Results Reduced levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies and neutralization capacity were seen in the RA patients who were treated with JAK inhibitors in comparison with healthy individuals. Furthermore, B cell responsiveness to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was reduced in the RA patients. Conclusion RA patients who are treated with JAK inhibitors show a suppressed humoral response following BNT162b2 vaccination, as revealed by the quantity and quality of the anti-spike antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is an unmet need for a reliable biomarker for the differentiation of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) from its mimickers. Serum levels of interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) have previously been found to be significantly elevated in patients with AxSpA compared with healthy individuals or persons with osteoarthritis. Methods: Consecutive patients with established or suspected AxSpA were enrolled. The clinical data, as well as results of laboratory and imaging studies, were acquired from patients' charts. The final diagnosis of definite or probable SpA, or an alternative diagnosis, was determined, and the serum levels of IL‐22 were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent immunoassay. Results: Interleukin‐22 levels were significantly higher in patients with definite AxSpA (29 patients) compared with patients with alternative diagnoses (14 patients) and healthy volunteers (16 individuals; P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The sensitivity and specificity of the serum IL‐22 for the AxSpA diagnosis were 0.68 (95% CI 0.49‐0.84) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.68‐0.95), respectively, for the cut‐off value of 5 pg/mL. In patients with AxSpA, serum IL‐22 levels did not correlate with modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), or serum C‐reactive protein. Conclusion: Serum IL‐22 levels are elevated in patients with the clinical diagnosis of AxSpA and can potentially serve as an independent biomarker for the differentiation of AxSpA from its non‐inflammatory mimickers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crisaborole is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the efficacy and safety of crisaborole in patients with AD and other atopic comorbidities have not been investigated. Objective: This post hoc pooled analysis of the pivotal phase III studies (CrisADe CORE 1 and CORE 2) assessed the efficacy and safety of crisaborole versus vehicle in patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild-to-moderate AD and other atopic comorbidities. Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate AD and a medical history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or food allergies were identified. Efficacy assessments included the proportion of patients who achieved Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success at day 29, ISGA clear or almost clear at day 29, and improvement in the Severity of Pruritus Scale score at week 4. Safety was assessed via treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Results: This analysis included 1522 patients (crisaborole, 1016; vehicle, 506); 26.2, 15.9, and 16.5% had a medical history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies, respectively. The mean age was 12.2 years. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with crisaborole achieved ISGA success at day 29 compared with patients treated with vehicle for most subgroups analyzed. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with crisaborole achieved ISGA clear or almost clear at day 29 across all subgroups and demonstrated improvement in the Severity of Pruritus Scale score at week 4 versus patients treated with vehicle in most of the subgroups. Overall, most TEAEs weremild ormoderate in severity; themost common treatment-related TEAE in patients with atopic comorbiditieswas application-site pain (crisaborole, 5.1%; vehicle, 1.7%). Conclusion: Crisaborole was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate AD and other atopic comorbidities, which suggested that crisaborole should be considered for the management of AD in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abbreviations BMI body mass index C1-INH-HAE hereditary angio-oedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency/dysfunction CI confidence interval FPS-R Faces Pain Scale - Revised tool HAE hereditary angio-oedema HCP healthcare professional SD standard deviation TEAE treatment-emergent adverse event TOSR time to onset of symptom relief TTMS time to minimum symptoms ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank all patients, investigators, and their study staff. HCP, healthcare professional; TOSR, time to onset of symptom relief gl Most attacks had a short time to initial symptom relief: ~80% and ~90% started to resolve by 1 and 2 hours, respectively, after second administration, and ~55% and ~90% by 1 and 2 hours, respectively, after third administration. 2 a In Part 1, three patients received icatibant in the absence of an HAE attack; their second icatibant administration in Part 2 was therefore treatment of their first on-study attack. All nine patients were included in the primary end-point analysis after second icatibant administration (for new attacks in Part 2), and eight patients after third administration (for subsequent attacks; one patient did not have baseline measurement for a cutaneous/abdominal attack); all experienced symptom relief after treatment. [Extracted from the article]