44 results on '"Kerstin Steinbrink"'
Search Results
2. Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions
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Russel J. Reiter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Dun-Xian Tan, Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa, Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczynski
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extrapineal melatonin ,circadian rhythms ,suprachiasmatic nucleus ,mitochondria ,redox homeostasis ,free radicals ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.
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- 2024
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3. Hyaluronic Acid/Ellagic Acid as Materials for Potential Medical Application
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Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, Konrad Kleszczyński, Lidia Zasada, Dorota Chmielniak, Mara Barbara Hollerung, Katarzyna Dembińska, Krystyna Pałubicka, Kerstin Steinbrink, Maria Swiontek Brzezinska, and Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska
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hyaluronic acid ,ellagic acid ,thin films ,wound dressing ,cutaneous cells ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thin films composed of hyaluronic acid/ellagic acid for potential medical application. Its principal novelty, distinct from the prior literature in terms of hyaluronic acid films supplemented with phenolic acids, resides in the predominant incorporation of ellagic acid—a distinguished compound—as the primary constituent of the films. Herein, ellagic acid was dissolved in two different solvents, i.e., acetic acid (AcOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the surface properties of the resultant films were assessed using atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Additionally, various physicochemical parameters were evaluated including moisture content, antioxidant activity, and release of ellagic acid in phosphate buffered saline. Furthermore, the evaluation of films’ biocompatibility was conducted using human epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and human amelanotic melanoma cells (A375 and G361), and the antimicrobial activity was elucidated accordingly against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Our results showed that the films exhibited prominent antibacterial properties particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, with the 80HA/20EA/AcOH film indicating the strong biocidal activity against this strain leading to a significant reduction in viable cells. Comparatively, the 50HA/50EA/AcOH film also displayed biocidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This experimental approach could be a promising technique for future applications in regenerative dermatology or novel strategies in terms of bioengineering.
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- 2024
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4. Melatonin/Sericin Wound Healing Patches: Implications for Melanoma Therapy
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Katarzyna Adamiak, Vivian A. Gaida, Jasmin Schäfer, Lina Bosse, Clara Diemer, Russel J. Reiter, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, Alina Sionkowska, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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melatonin ,sericin ,wound healing ,biomaterials ,scaffolds ,hydrogels ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Melatonin and sericin exhibit antioxidant properties and may be useful in topical wound healing patches by maintaining redox balance, cell integrity, and regulating the inflammatory response. In human skin, melatonin suppresses damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which involves numerous mechanisms associated with reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and enhancing apoptosis. Sericin is a protein mainly composed of glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine amino acids removed from the silkworm cocoon (particularly Bombyx mori and other species). It is of interest because of its biodegradability, anti-oxidative, and anti-bacterial properties. Sericin inhibits tyrosinase activity and promotes cell proliferation that can be supportive and useful in melanoma treatment. In recent years, wound healing patches containing sericin and melatonin individually have attracted significant attention by the scientific community. In this review, we summarize the state of innovation of such patches during 2021–2023. To date, melatonin/sericin-polymer patches for application in post-operational wound healing treatment has been only sparingly investigated and it is an imperative to consider these materials as a promising approach targeting for skin tissue engineering or regenerative dermatology.
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- 2024
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5. Role of Cyclins and Cytoskeletal Proteins in Endometriosis: Insights into Pathophysiology
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Marcin Szymański, Klaudia Bonowicz, Paulina Antosik, Dominika Jerka, Mariola Głowacka, Małgorzata Soroka, Kerstin Steinbrink, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Maciej Gagat
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endometriosis ,cyclins ,cytoskeletal proteins ,EMT ,TGF-β ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition where endometrium-like tissue grows outside the uterus, posing challenges in understanding and treatment. This article delves into the deep cellular and molecular processes underlying endometriosis, with a focus on the crucial roles played by cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins in its pathogenesis, particularly in the context of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The investigation begins by examining the activities of cyclins, elucidating their diverse biological roles such as cell cycle control, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and angiogenesis among ectopic endometrial cells. A comprehensive analysis of cytoskeletal proteins follows, emphasizing their fundamental biological roles and their specific significance to endometriotic cell features. This review sheds light on the interconnected pathways through which cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins converge, contributing to the genesis and progression of endometriosis. Understanding these molecular complexities not only provides insight into the underlying causes of the disease but also holds promise for the development of specific therapeutic approaches, ushering in a new era in the management of this devastating disorder.
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- 2024
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6. Regulatory T-cell deficiency leads to features of autoimmune liver disease overlap syndrome in scurfy mice
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Kaan Yilmaz, Stefanie Haeberle, Yong Ook Kim, Marvin J. Fritzler, Shih-Yen Weng, Benjamin Goeppert, Verena K. Raker, Kerstin Steinbrink, Detlef Schuppan, Alexander Enk, and Eva N. Hadaschik
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regulatory T cells ,Treg ,scurfy mice ,autoimmune liver disease ,overlap syndrome ,primary biliary cholangitis ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionScurfy mice have a complete deficiency of functional regulatory T cells (Treg) due to a frameshift mutation in the Foxp3 gene. The impaired immune homeostasis results in a lethal lymphoproliferative disorder affecting multiple organs, including the liver. The autoimmune pathology in scurfy mice is in part accompanied by autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA). ANA are serological hallmarks of several autoimmune disorders including autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). However, the underlying pathogenesis and the role of Treg in AILD remain to be elucidated. The present study therefore aimed to characterize the liver disease in scurfy mice.MethodsSera from scurfy mice were screened for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and tested for a wide range of AILD-associated autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, line immunoassay, and addressable laser bead immunoassay. CD4+ T cells of scurfy mice were transferred into T cell-deficient B6/nude mice. Monoclonal autoantibodies from scurfy mice and recipient B6/nude mice were tested for ANA by IFA. Liver tissue of scurfy mice was analyzed by conventional histology. Collagen deposition in scurfy liver was quantified via hepatic hydroxyproline content. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine fibrosis-related hepatic gene expression. Hepatic immune cells were differentiated by flow cytometry.ResultsAll scurfy mice produced ANA. AILD-associated autoantibodies, predominantly antimitochondrial antibodies, were detected at significantly higher levels in scurfy sera. CD4+ T cells from scurfy mice were sufficient to induce anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and ANA with an AILD-related nuclear envelope staining pattern. Liver histology revealed portal inflammation with bile duct damage and proliferation, as in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and interface hepatitis with portal-parenchymal necroinflammation, as found in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In scurfy liver, TNFα and fibrosis-related transcripts including Col1a1, Timp1, Acta2, Mmp2, and Mmp9 were upregulated. The level of proinflammatory monocytic macrophages (Ly-6Chi) was increased, while M2-type macrophages (CD206+) were downregulated compared to wildtype controls. Despite severe hepatic inflammation, fibrosis did not develop within 25 days, which is close to the lifespan of scurfy mice.DiscussionOur findings suggest that Treg-deficient scurfy mice spontaneously develop clinical, serological, and immunopathological characteristics of AILD with overlapping features of PBC and AIH.
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- 2023
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7. Melanogenesis Is Directly Affected by Metabolites of Melatonin in Human Melanoma Cells
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Jack K. S. Möller, Kinga Linowiecka, Maciej Gagat, Anna A. Brożyna, Marek Foksiński, Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz, Elżbieta Pyza, Russel J. Reiter, Meri K. Tulic, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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melatonin ,melanogenesis ,kynurenic and indolic metabolites ,tyrosinase ,human melanoma ,G-protein-coupled membrane receptors ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL), its kynurenic (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine, AFMK) and indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin, 6(OH)MEL and 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-MT) are endogenously produced in human epidermis. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, brain and peripheral organs, displays a diversity of physiological functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor capacities. Herein, we assessed their regulatory effect on melanogenesis using amelanotic (A375, Sk-Mel-28) and highly pigmented (MNT-1, melanotic) human melanoma cell lines. We discovered that subjected compounds decrease the downstream pathway of melanin synthesis by causing a significant drop of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and resultant collapse of tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and melanin content comparatively to N-phenylthiourea (PTU, a positive control). We observed a reduction in pigment in melanosomes visualized by the transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we assessed the role of G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane-domain receptors. Obtained results revealed that nonselective MT1 and MT2 receptor antagonist (luzindole) or selective MT2 receptor antagonist (4-P-PDOT) did not affect dysregulation of the melanin pathway indicating a receptor-independent mechanism. Our findings, together with the current state of the art, provide a convenient experimental model to study the complex relationship between metabolites of melatonin and the control of pigmentation serving as a future and rationale strategy for targeted therapies of melanoma-affected patients.
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- 2023
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8. Systemic Sarcoidosis with Cutaneous Tattoo Involvement Following COVID-19 Vaccination
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Carolin Constanze Albers, Dieter Metze, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Markus Böhm
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sarcoidosis ,COVID-19 vaccination ,tattoo reaction ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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- 2023
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9. Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Mitochondrial Disturbances Are Attenuated by Metabolites of Melatonin in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
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Chantal E. Holtkamp, Dawid Warmus, Klaudia Bonowicz, Maciej Gagat, Kinga Linowiecka, Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz, Russel J. Reiter, Markus Böhm, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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melatonin ,kynurenic metabolites ,indolic metabolites ,ultraviolet radiation ,human epidermal keratinocytes ,mitochondria ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is recognized as an effective antioxidant produced by the pineal gland, brain and peripheral organs, which also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumour capacities. Melatonin has been reported as a substance that counteracts ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced intracellular disturbances. Nevertheless, the mechanistic actions of related molecules including its kynurenic derivatives (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK)), its indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)MEL) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT)) and its precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) are only poorly understood. Herein, we treated human epidermal keratinocytes with UVB and assessed the protective effect of the studied substances in terms of the maintenance of mitochondrial function or their radical scavenging capacity. Our results show that UVB caused the significant elevation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (mtΔΨ), a reduction in ATP synthesis, and the enhanced release of cytochrome c into cytosol, leading subsequently to UVB-mediated activation of the caspases and apoptosis (appearance of sub-G1 population). Our findings, combined with data reported so far, indicate the counteracting and beneficial actions of melatonin and its molecular derivatives against these deleterious changes within mitochondria. Therefore, they define a path to the development of novel strategies delaying mitochondrial aging and promoting the well-being of human skin.
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- 2023
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10. Introduction of a Specific Dermatological Rehabilitation Programme for Patients with Chronic Pruritus: A Pilot Study
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Sophia von Martial, Lisa Kok, Sonja Gründel, Matthias Augustin, Christine Blome, Claudia Zeidler, Kerstin Steinbrink, Sonja Ständer, and Athanasios Tsianakas
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itch ,chronic pruritus ,rehabilitation ,patient-reported outcome ,guideline ,clinical trials ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a common symptom, associated with several severe medical conditions, great psychological burden, and reduced quality of life. It also poses socio-economic challenges concerning patients’ work loss and healthcare costs. In Germany, medical rehabilitation programmes represent an integral part of the medical care of patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases. However, such programmes play only a rudimentary role in the treatment of other dermatological diseases, such as dermatological oncology, genetic skin diseases, and chronic pruritus. Therefore, a specific antipruritic dermatological rehabilitation programme was developed in cooperation between the Department of Dermatology of the Medical Rehabilitation Center Bad Bentheim and the Center for Chronic Pruritus of the University Hospital of Muenster, Germany. This prospective study compared short-term patient-reported outcomes (n = 121) at the beginning and end of the rehabilitation programme. The majority of subjects had chronic pruritus on primary diseased, inflamed skin. Significant improvements in pruritus intensity (p ≤ 0.001), quality of life (p ≤ 0.001), anxiety symptoms (p ≤ 0.001) and depression (p ≤ 0.001), as well as an overall patient-relevant benefit (Patient Benefit Index 2.6 ± 1.06) and treatment-related patients’ satisfaction, were shown. This suggests that implementation of this standardized rehabilitation programme for treatment of patients with chronic pruritus was successful.
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- 2022
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11. Melatonin: A Potential Regulator of DNA Methylation
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Kinga Linowiecka, Andrzej T. Slominski, Russel J. Reiter, Markus Böhm, Kerstin Steinbrink, Ralf Paus, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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melatonin ,DNA methylation ,active DNA demethylation ,DNA methyltransferases ,ten-eleven translocation proteins ,epigenetics ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
The pineal gland-derived indoleamine hormone, melatonin, regulates multiple cellular processes, ranging from chronobiology, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage to pigmentation, immune regulation, and mitochondrial metabolism. While melatonin is best known as a master regulator of the circadian rhythm, previous studies also have revealed connections between circadian cycle disruption and genomic instability, including epigenetic changes in the pattern of DNA methylation. For example, melatonin secretion is associated with differential circadian gene methylation in night shift workers and the regulation of genomic methylation during embryonic development, and there is accumulating evidence that melatonin can modify DNA methylation. Since the latter one impacts cancer initiation, and also, non-malignant diseases development, and that targeting DNA methylation has become a novel intervention target in clinical therapy, this review discusses the potential role of melatonin as an under-investigated candidate epigenetic regulator, namely by modulating DNA methylation via changes in mRNA and the protein expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. Furthermore, since melatonin may impact changes in the DNA methylation pattern, the authors of the review suggest its possible use in combination therapy with epigenetic drugs as a new anticancer strategy.
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- 2023
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12. Melatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles
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Klaudia Piekarska, Klaudia Bonowicz, Alina Grzanka, Łukasz M. Jaworski, Russel J. Reiter, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Maciej Gagat
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melatonin ,transforming growth factor β ,extracellular vesicles ,cell-to-cell communication ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The immune system, unlike other systems, must be flexible and able to “adapt” to fully cope with lurking dangers. The transition from intracorporeal balance to homeostasis disruption is associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which causes modulation of the immunology response. Chemotactic cytokines, signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles act as critical mediators of inflammation and participate in intercellular communication, conditioning the immune system’s proper response. Among the well-known cytokines allowing for the development and proper functioning of the immune system by mediating cell survival and cell-death-inducing signaling, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are noteworthy. The high bloodstream concentration of those pleiotropic cytokines can be characterized by anti- and pro-inflammatory activity, considering the powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress capabilities of TGF-β known from the literature. Together with the chemokines, the immune system response is also influenced by biologically active chemicals, such as melatonin. The enhanced cellular communication shows the relationship between the TGF-β signaling pathway and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted under the influence of melatonin. This review outlines the findings on melatonin activity on TGF-β-dependent inflammatory response regulation in cell-to-cell communication leading to secretion of the different EV populations.
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- 2023
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13. The Dendritic Cell Dilemma in the Skin: Between Tolerance and Immunity
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Nils Scheib, Jessica Tiemann, Christian Becker, Hans Christian Probst, Verena Katharina Raker, and Kerstin Steinbrink
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treg cells ,tolerance ,dendritic cells ,cellular immunotherapy ,DC targeted vaccines ,interleukin 10 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are uniquely capable of initiating and directing immune responses. The range of their activities grounds in the heterogeneity of DC subsets and their functional plasticity. Numerical and functional DC changes influence the development and progression of disease, and correction of such dysregulations has the potential to treat disease causally. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage formation, differentiation, and function in the skin. We describe the alteration of DC in disease as well as possibilities for therapeutic reprogramming with a focus on tolerogenic DC. Because regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable partners of DC in the induction and control of tolerance, we pay special attention to the interactions with these cells. Above all, we would like to arouse fascination for this cell type and its therapeutic potential in skin diseases.
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- 2022
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14. Mechanism of Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Associated with TGF-β-Dependent Inflammatory Response in the Tumor Microenvironment
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Klaudia Bonowicz, Klaudia Mikołajczyk, Inaz Faisal, Murtaz Qamar, Kerstin Steinbrink, Konrad Kleszczyński, Alina Grzanka, and Maciej Gagat
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inflammation ,angiogenesis ,transforming growth factor β ,extracellular vesicles ,tumor microenvironment ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as central mediators in communication between tumor and non-tumor cells. These interactions are largely dependent on the function of the endothelial barrier and the set of receptors present on its surface, as endothelial cells (ECs) are a plenteous source of EVs. The molecular basis for EV secretion and action in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been fully elucidated to date. Emerging evidence suggests a prominent role of inflammatory pathways in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Although transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a cytokine with strong immunomodulatory and protective activity in benign and early-stage cancer cells, it plays a pro-tumorigenic role in advanced cancer cells, which is known as the “TGF-β paradox”. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the correlation between EV release, TGF-β-dependent inflammation, and dysregulation of downstream TGF-β signaling in the context of cancer development.
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- 2022
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15. Scaffolds Loaded with Dialdehyde Chitosan and Collagen—Their Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Assessment
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Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska, Judith M. Pin, Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska, Alina Sionkowska, Fernando J. Monteiro, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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chitosan dialdehyde ,collagen ,bioengineering ,cutaneous cells ,scaffolds ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
In this work, dialdehyde chitosan (DAC) and collagen (Coll) scaffolds have been prepared and their physico-chemical properties have been evaluated. Their structural properties were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Internal Reflection (FTIR–ATR) accompanied by evaluation of thermal stability, porosity, density, moisture content and microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscopy—SEM. Additionally, cutaneous assessment using human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and melanoma cells (A375 and G-361) was performed. Based on thermal studies, two regions in DTG curves could be distinguished in each type of scaffold, what can be assigned to the elimination of water and the polymeric structure degradation of the materials components. The type of scaffold had no major effect on the porosity of the materials, but the water content of the materials decreased with increasing dialdehyde chitosan content in subjected matrices. Briefly, a drop in proliferation was noticed for scaffolds containing 20DAC/80Coll compared to matrices with collagen alone. Furthermore, increased content of DAC (50DAC/50Coll) either significantly induced the proliferation rate or maintains its ratio compared to the control matrix. This delivery is a promising technique for additional explorations targeting therapies in regenerative dermatology. The using of dialdehyde chitosan as one of the main scaffolds components is the novelty in terms of bioengineering.
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- 2022
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16. Assessment of Melatonin-Cultured Collagen/Chitosan Scaffolds Cross-Linked by a Glyoxal Solution as Biomaterials for Wound Healing
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Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, Judith M. Pin, Lidia Zasada, Mauritz M. Sonne, Russel J. Reiter, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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biopolymers ,scaffolds ,glyoxal ,melatonin ,chitosan ,cutaneous cells ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) and collagen (Coll) are natural biomaterials that have been extensively used in tissue engineering or wound healing applications, either separately or as composite materials. Most methods to fabricate CTS/Coll matrices employ chemical crosslinking to obtain solid and stable scaffolds with the necessary porosity and mechanical properties to facilitate regeneration. In this study, we comparatively assessed the physicochemical properties of 3D scaffolds loaded with a cross-linker, glyoxal. Using a scanning electron microscope, we evaluated the microstructure of resultant matrices and their mechanistic testing by the determination of the compressive modulus (Emod), the maximum force (Fmax), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and proliferation rate in vitro using human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cultured in presence of melatonin solution (10−5 M). We observed that enhanced content of collagen (50CTS/50Coll or 20CTS/80Coll compared to 80CTS/20Coll) significantly elevated the physicochemical capacities of resultant materials. Besides, presence of 5% glyoxal increased porosity, Emod and Fmax, compared to scaffolds without glyoxal. Finally, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cultured on subjected matrices in presence of melatonin revealed a prominently enhanced growth rate. This indicates that the combination of glyoxal and melatonin make it imperative to consider these materials as a promising approach for targeting skin tissue engineering or regenerative dermatology.
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- 2022
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17. Protective Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in Skin Aging
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Georgeta Bocheva, Radomir M. Slominski, Zorica Janjetovic, Tae-Kang Kim, Markus Böhm, Kerstin Steinbrink, Russel J. Reiter, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Andrzej T. Slominski
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melatonin ,AFMK ,skin aging ,photoaging ,UV radiation ,oxidative stress ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, is exposed to the environment and suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. The skin aging process is characterized by several clinical features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and rough-textured appearance. This complex process is accompanied with phenotypic and functional changes in cutaneous and immune cells, as well as structural and functional disturbances in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. Because skin health is considered one of the principal factors representing overall “well-being” and the perception of “health” in humans, several anti-aging strategies have recently been developed. Thus, while the fundamental mechanisms regarding skin aging are known, new substances should be considered for introduction into dermatological treatments. Herein, we describe melatonin and its metabolites as potential “aging neutralizers”. Melatonin, an evolutionarily ancient derivative of serotonin with hormonal properties, is the main neuroendocrine secretory product of the pineal gland. It regulates circadian rhythmicity and also exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor capacities. The intention of this review is to summarize changes within skin aging, research advances on the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the impact of the melatoninergic anti-oxidative system controlled by melatonin and its metabolites, targeting the prevention or reversal of skin aging.
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- 2022
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18. Impact of Psoriasis on Mortality Rate and Outcome in Myocardial Infarction
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Susanne Karbach, Lukas Hobohm, Johannes Wild, Thomas Münzel, Tommaso Gori, Joanna Wegner, Kerstin Steinbrink, Philip Wenzel, and Karsten Keller
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mortality ,myocardial infarction ,psoriasis ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a frequent chronic inflammatory cytokine‐mediated skin disease and was identified to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). However, data about the impact of psoriasis on mortality and other in‐hospital adverse events in the setting of MI are sparse and inconsistent. Methods and Results The nationwide German inpatient sample of the years 2005 to 2016 was used for statistical analysis. Hospitalized patients with MI were stratified for the presence of psoriasis and the impact of psoriasis on in‐hospital events was investigated. Overall, 3 307 703 patients with MI (37.6% females, 56.8% aged ≥70 years) were treated in Germany (2005–2016); among them 9028 (0.3%) were diagnosed with psoriasis. Patients with MI with psoriasis were significantly younger (68.0 [58.0–76.0] versus 73.0 [62.0–81.0] years; P
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- 2020
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19. The Characterization of Scaffolds Based on Dialdehyde Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid
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Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska, Adrianna Sosik, Anna Małkowska, Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska, Kerstin Steinbrink, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
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dialdehyde chitosan ,hyaluronic acid ,scaffolds ,tissue engineering ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
In this work, two-component dialdehyde chitosan/hyaluronic acid scaffolds were developed and characterized. Dialdehyde chitosan was obtained by one-step synthesis with chitosan and sodium periodate. Three-dimensional scaffolds were prepared by the lyophilization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to observe the chemical structure of scaffolds and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was done to assess the microstructure of resultant materials. Thermal analysis, mechanical properties measurements, density, porosity and water content measurements were used to characterize physicochemical properties of dialdehyde chitosan/hyaluronic acid 3D materials. Additionally, human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human melanoma cells (A375 and G-361) were used to evaluate cell viability in the presence of subjected scaffolds. It was found that scaffolds were characterized by a porous structure with interconnected pores. The scaffold composition has an influence on physicochemical properties, such as mechanical strength, thermal resistance, porosity and water content. There were no significant differences between cell viability proliferation of all scaffolds, and this observation was visible for all subjected cell lines.
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- 2021
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20. Evaluation of Polymeric Matrix Loaded with Melatonin for Wound Dressing
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Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, Justyna Ostrowska, Justyna Kozłowska, Zofia Szota, Anna A. Brożyna, Rita Dreier, Russel J. Reiter, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Konrad Kleszczyński
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melatonin ,scaffolds ,biopolymers ,collagen ,chitosan ,cutaneous cells ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The development of scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix containing bioactive substances has great potential in tissue engineering and wound healing applications. This study investigates melatonin—a methoxyindole present in almost all biological systems. Melatonin is a bioregulator in terms of its potential clinical importance for future therapies of cutaneous diseases. Mammalian skin is not only a prominent melatonin target, but also produces and rapidly metabolizes the multifunctional methoxyindole to biologically active metabolites. In our methodology, chitosan/collagen (CTS/Coll)-contained biomaterials are blended with melatonin at different doses to fabricate biomimetic hybrid scaffolds. We use rat tail tendon- and Salmo salar fish skin-derived collagens to assess biophysical and cellular properties by (i) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), (ii) thermogravimetric analysis (TG), (iii) scanning electron microscope (SEM), and (iv) proliferation ratio of cutaneous cells in vitro. Our results indicate that melatonin itself does not negatively affect biophysical properties of melatonin-immobilized hybrid scaffolds, but it induces a pronounced elevation of cell viability within human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), and reference melanoma cells. These results demonstrate that this indoleamine accelerates re-epithelialization. This delivery is a promising technique for additional explorations in future dermatotherapy and protective skin medicine.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Differential and Overlapping Effects of Melatonin and Its Metabolites on Keratinocyte Function: Bioinformatics and Metabolic Analyses
- Author
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Joanna Stefan, Tae-Kang Kim, Fiona Schedel, Zorica Janjetovic, David K. Crossman, Kerstin Steinbrink, Radomir M. Slominski, Jaroslaw Zmijewski, Meri K. Tulic, Russel J. Reiter, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Andrzej T. Slominski
- Subjects
melatonin ,metabolites of melatonin ,RNA-sequencing ,human keratinocytes ,mitochondrial metabolism ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
We investigated the effects of melatonin and its selected metabolites, i.e., N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) and 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel), on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) to assess their homeostatic activities with potential therapeutic implications. RNAseq analysis revealed a significant number of genes with distinct and overlapping patterns, resulting in common regulation of top diseases and disorders. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Reactome FIViZ, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed overrepresentation of the p53-dependent G1 DNA damage response gene set, activation of p53 signaling, and NRF2-mediated antioxidative pathways. Additionally, GSEA exhibited an overrepresentation of circadian clock and antiaging signaling gene sets by melatonin derivatives and upregulation of extension of telomere signaling in HEKs, which was subsequently confirmed by increased telomerase activity in keratinocytes, indicating possible antiaging properties of metabolites of melatonin. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) showed the activation of a keratinocyte differentiation program by melatonin, and GSEA indicated antitumor and antilipidemic potential of melatonin and its metabolites. IPA also indicated the role of Protein Kinase R (PKR) in interferon induction and antiviral response. In addition, the test compounds decreased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) gene expression. These results were validated by qPCR and by Seahorse metabolic assay with significantly decreased glycolysis and lactate production under influence of AFMK or 6(OH)Mel in cells with a low oxygen consumption rate. In summary, melatonin and its metabolites affect keratinocytes’ functions via signaling pathways that overlap for each tested molecule with some distinctions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with intense pulsed light and radiofrequency therapy (LAight®) for severe hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report
- Author
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Uwe Kirschner, Berenice Maureen Lang, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Sophia Zimmer
- Subjects
adalimumab ,hidradenitis suppurativa ,laight® therapy ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS also named as acne inversa) is a chronic skin disease characterized by relapsing formation of abscesses, inflammatory nodules, and fistulas. In moderate-to-severe disease, HS leads to the formation of scarring and thus irreversible tissue destruction. In the past few years, two new treatment options became available: adalimumab, the first biologic therapy approved for HS (Humira®, AbbVie), and a noninvasive, device-based treatment utilizing a combination of intense pulsed light and radiofrequency (LAight® therapy, LENICURA, Germany). Here, we report a case of a Hurley stage III patient where the positive effect of adalimumab could be enhanced by simultaneously applying LAight® therapy. Moreover, long-term symptom control could be achieved under monotherapy with LAight® after adalimumab was terminated.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Pruritus in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Dermatoses
- Author
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Claudia Zeidler, Manuel Pedro Pereira, Flavien Huet, Laurent Misery, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Sonja Ständer
- Subjects
itch ,pruritus ,psoriasis ,atopic dermatitis ,IL31 ,substance P ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Pruritus in autoimmune and inflammatory dermatoses is a common symptom that can be severe and affect the quality of life of patients. In some diseases, pruritus is related to disorders activity and severity or may occur independent of the disease. Despite the high prevalence, the symptom is still underrated and there are only a few trials investigating the efficacy of drugs for disease-specific pruritus. In this review, the characteristics and possible pathomechanisms of pruritus in various dermatoses like autoimmune bullous diseases, connective tissue diseases as well as autoimmune-associated dermatoses (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris) is illustrated. Additionally, studies analyzing the antipruritic treatment are discussed. Summarizing, the prevalence of pruritus in these diseases demonstrates the importance for symptom recognition and the need for an efficient antipruritic therapy.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Psoriasis and Its Impact on In-Hospital Outcome in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Kidney Injury
- Author
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Johannes Wild, Lukas Hobohm, Thomas Münzel, Philip Wenzel, Kerstin Steinbrink, Susanne Karbach, and Karsten Keller
- Subjects
AKI ,psoriasis ,mortality ,trends ,dermatoepidemiology ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the body far beyond the skin. Whereas there is solid evidence that chronic skin inflammation in psoriasis drives cardiovascular disease, the impact on renal impairment and acute kidney injury (AKI) is still unclear. We aimed to analyze the impact of psoriasis on the in-hospital outcome of patients hospitalized with AKI. Methods: In this retrospective database study, we investigated data on characteristics, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes for all hospitalized patients with AKI stratified for concomitant psoriasis, which were collected by the Federal Office of Statistics in Germany between 2005 and 2016. Results: Among the 3,162,449 patients treated for AKI in German hospitals between 2005 and 2016, 11,985 patients (0.4%) additionally suffered from psoriasis. While the annual number of AKI patients with psoriasis increased significantly from 485 cases (4.0%) in 2005 to 1902 (15.9%) in 2016 (p < 0.001), the in-hospital mortality decreased substantially (from 24.9% in 2005 to 17.4% in 2016; p < 0.001). AKI patients with concomitant psoriasis were younger (70 (IQR; 60–78) vs. 76 (67–83) years; p < 0.001) and were more often treated with dialysis (16.3% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001). Presence of psoriasis in AKI patients was associated with reduced prevalence of myocardial infarction (OR 0.62; p < 0.001), stroke (OR 0.85; p = 0.013), and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.75; p < 0.001). Conclusions: AKI patients with psoriasis were hospitalized in median 6 years earlier than those without. Despite younger age, we detected higher use of kidney replacement therapy in patients with psoriasis, indicating a more severe course of AKI. Our findings might improve management of these patients and contribute evidence for extracutaneous, systemic manifestations of psoriasis.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Targeted Activation of T Cells with IL-2-Coupled Nanoparticles
- Author
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Verena K. Raker, Christian Becker, Katharina Landfester, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
interleukin-2 ,nanoparticles ,immunotherapy ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T cell growth factor particularly required in regulatory T cell maintenance and memory T cell responses. High-dose IL-2 treatment was the first FDA-approved immunotherapy for cancer, while low-dose IL-2 administration has shown promise in allograft rejection and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, its pleiotropic nature and the existence of IL-2 receptors with different binding affinity limit its therapeutic application. For an improved clinical applicability of the cytokine, a targeted receptor assignment must, therefore, be achieved. Nanoparticles allow controlling the location and dose of immunomodulating compounds and to specifically address specific receptors through targeted drug binding. In this review article we discuss the IL-2 biology and current clinical application with regard to nanoparticle-based IL-2-mediated manipulation of T cell responses in autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Clinical Trials for Use of Melatonin to Fight against COVID-19 Are Urgently Needed
- Author
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Konrad Kleszczyński, Andrzej T. Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Russel J. Reiter
- Subjects
melatonin ,COVID-19 ,inflammation ,immune response ,clinical trials ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has already infected millions of individuals and has resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands worldwide. Based on clinical features, pathology, and the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders induced by this and other highly homogenous coronaviruses, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response contribute to COVID-19 pathology; these are caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression triggering acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and often death. We and others have reported melatonin to be an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule with a high safety profile. It is effective in critical care patients by reducing their vascular permeability and anxiety, inducing sedation, and improving their quality of sleep. As melatonin shows no harmful adverse effects in humans, it is imperative to introduce this indoleamine into clinical trials where it might be beneficial for better clinical outcomes as an adjuvant treatment of COVID-19-infected patients. Herein, we strongly encourage health care professionals to test the potential of melatonin for targeting the COVID-19 pandemic. This is urgent, since there is no reliable treatment for this devastating disease.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The p.Arg435His Variation of IgG3 With High Affinity to FcRn Is Associated With Susceptibility for Pemphigus Vulgaris—Analysis of Four Different Ethnic Cohorts
- Author
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Andreas Recke, Sarah Konitzer, Susanne Lemcke, Miriam Freitag, Nele Maxi Sommer, Mohammad Abdelhady, Mahsa M. Amoli, Sandrine Benoit, Farha El-Chennawy, Mohammad Eldarouti, Rüdiger Eming, Regine Gläser, Claudia Günther, Eva Hadaschik, Bernhard Homey, Wolfgang Lieb, Wiebke K. Peitsch, Claudia Pföhler, Reza M. Robati, Marjan Saeedi, Miklós Sárdy, Michael Sticherling, Soner Uzun, Margitta Worm, Detlef Zillikens, Saleh Ibrahim, Gestur Vidarsson, Enno Schmidt, the German AIBD Genetic Study Group, Alexander Kreuter, Christos C. Zouboulis, Georg Däschlein, Kerstin Steinbrink, Manfred Kunz, Nicolas Hunzelmann, and Steven Goetze
- Subjects
immunology ,dermatology ,autoantibodies ,allotype ,pemphigus ,pemphigoid ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IgG3 is the IgG subclass with the strongest effector functions among all four IgG subclasses and the highest degree of allelic variability among all constant immunoglobulin genes. Due to its genetic position, IgG3 is often the first isotype an antibody switches to before IgG1 or IgG4. Compared with the other IgG subclasses, it has a reduced half-life which is probably connected to a decreased affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). However, a few allelic variants harbor an amino acid replacement of His435 to Arg that reverts the half-life of the resulting IgG3 to the same level as the other IgG subclasses. Because of its functional impact, we hypothesized that the p.Arg435His variation could be associated with susceptibility to autoantibody-mediated diseases like pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Using a set of samples from German, Turkish, Egyptian, and Iranian patients and controls, we were able to demonstrate a genetic association of the p.Arg435His variation with PV risk, but not with BP risk. Our results suggest a hitherto unknown role for the function of IgG3 in the pathogenesis of PV.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Tolerance through Education: How Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape Immunity
- Author
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Matthias P. Domogalla, Patricia V. Rostan, Verena K. Raker, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
tolerogenic dendritic cells ,regulatory T cells ,immunotherapy ,tolerance ,nanoparticles ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the initiation and control of responses, regulating the balance between tolerance and immunity. Tolerogenic DCs are essential in the maintenance of central and peripheral tolerance by induction of clonal T cell deletion and T cell anergy, inhibition of memory and effector T cell responses, and generation and activation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, tolerogenic DCs are promising candidates for specific cellular therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases and for treatment of transplant rejection. Studies performed in rodents have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of tolerogenic DCs for tolerance induction in various inflammatory diseases. In the last years, numerous protocols for the generation of human monocyte-derived tolerogenic DCs have been established and some first phase I trials have been conducted in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders, demonstrating the safety and efficiency of this cell-based immunotherapy. This review gives an overview about methods and protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs and their mechanisms of tolerance induction with the focus on interleukin-10-modulated DCs. In addition, we will discuss the prerequisites for optimal clinical grade tolerogenic DC subsets and results of clinical trials with tolerogenic DCs in autoimmune diseases.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are sensitive to low dose cyclophosphamide: implications for the immune response.
- Author
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Daniel Heylmann, Martina Bauer, Huong Becker, Stefaan van Gool, Nicole Bacher, Kerstin Steinbrink, and Bernd Kaina
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a pivotal role in the immune system since they inhibit the T cell response. It is well known that cyclophosphamide applied at low dose is able to stimulate the immune response while high dose cyclophosphamide exerts inhibitory activity. Data obtained in mice indicate that cyclophosphamide provokes a reduction in the number of Treg and impairs their suppressive activity, resulting in immune stimulation. Here, we addressed the question of the sensitivity of human Treg to cyclophosphamide, comparing Treg with cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and T helper cells (Th). We show that Treg are more sensitive than CTL and Th to mafosfamide, which is an active derivative of cyclophosphamide, which does not need metabolic activation. The high sensitivity of Treg was due to the induction of apoptosis. Treg compared to CTL and Th were not more sensitive to the alkylating drugs temozolomide and nimustine and also not to mitomycin C, indicating a specific Treg response to mafosfamide. The high sensitivity of Treg to mafosfamide resulted not only in enhanced cell death, but also in impaired Treg function as demonstrated by a decline in the suppressor activity of Treg in a co-culture model with Th and Helios positive Treg. Treatment of Treg with mafosfamide gave rise to a high level of DNA crosslinks, which were not repaired to the same extent as observed in Th and CTL. Also, Treg showed a low level of γH2AX foci up to 6 h and a high level 24 h after treatment, indicating alterations in the DNA damage response. Overall, this is the first demonstration that human Treg are, in comparison with Th and CTL, hypersensitive to cyclophosphamide, which is presumably due to a DNA repair defect.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Interferon-α abrogates tolerance induction by human tolerogenic dendritic cells.
- Author
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Nicole Bacher, Edith Graulich, Helmut Jonuleit, Stephan Grabbe, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Administration of interferon-α (IFN-α) represents an approved adjuvant therapy as reported for malignancies like melanoma and several viral infections. In malignant diseases, tolerance processes are critically involved in tumor progression. In this study, the effect of IFN-α on tolerance induction by human tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) was analyzed. We focussed on tolerogenic IL-10-modulated DC (IL-10 DC) that are known to induce anergic regulatory T cells (iTregs). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: IFN-α promoted an enhanced maturation of IL-10 DC as demonstrated by upregulation of the differentiation marker CD83 as well as costimulatory molecules. IFN-α treatment resulted in an increased capacity of DC to stimulate T cell activation compared to control tolerogenic DC. We observed a strengthened T cell proliferation and increased IFN-γ production of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells stimulated by IFN-α-DC, demonstrating a restoration of the immunogenic capacity of tolerogenic DC in the presence of IFN-α. Notably, restimulation experiments revealed that IFN-α treatment of tolerogenic DC abolished the induction of T cell anergy and suppressor function of iTregs. In contrast, IFN-α neither affected the priming of iTregs nor converted iTregs into effector T cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: IFN-α inhibits the induction of T cell tolerance by reversing the tolerogenic function of human DC.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Quality of life in patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome undergoing low-dose total skin electron beam therapy with or without maintenance therapy
- Author
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Chalid Assaf, Rose K. C. Moritz, Carsten Weishaupt, Khaled Elsayad, Kerstin Steinbrink, Daniel Rolf, Elisa Christina Müller, Rudolf Stadler, Tarek Nawar, Christos Moustakis, Hans Theodor Eich, Eike Bormann, Elisabeth Livingstone, René Stranzenbach, and Cord Sunderkötter
- Subjects
Mycosis fungoides ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Low dose ,MEDLINE ,Medizin ,Electrons ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease ,Total skin electron beam therapy ,Mycosis Fungoides ,Maintenance therapy ,Quality of life ,Quality of Life ,medicine ,Humans ,Sezary Syndrome ,Itching ,In patient ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2022
32. Evaluation of Polymeric Matrix Loaded with Melatonin for Wound Dressing
- Author
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Justyna Kozlowska, Kerstin Steinbrink, Zofia Szota, Justyna Ostrowska, Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, Anna A. Brożyna, Russel J. Reiter, Andrzej Slominski, Konrad Kleszczyński, and Rita Dreier
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,collagen ,QH301-705.5 ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,melatonin ,biopolymers ,wound healing ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,Catalysis ,Cell Line ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chitosan ,Melatonin ,Extracellular matrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tissue engineering ,medicine ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Organic Chemistry ,Biological activity ,Dermis ,General Medicine ,Fibroblasts ,cutaneous cells ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bandages ,In vitro ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,scaffolds ,Biophysics ,Epidermis ,chitosan ,0210 nano-technology ,Wound healing ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The development of scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix containing bioactive substances has great potential in tissue engineering and wound healing applications. This study investigates melatonin—a methoxyindole present in almost all biological systems. Melatonin is a bioregulator in terms of its potential clinical importance for future therapies of cutaneous diseases. Mammalian skin is not only a prominent melatonin target, but also produces and rapidly metabolizes the multifunctional methoxyindole to biologically active metabolites. In our methodology, chitosan/collagen (CTS/Coll)-contained biomaterials are blended with melatonin at different doses to fabricate biomimetic hybrid scaffolds. We use rat tail tendon- and Salmo salar fish skin-derived collagens to assess biophysical and cellular properties by (i) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), (ii) thermogravimetric analysis (TG), (iii) scanning electron microscope (SEM), and (iv) proliferation ratio of cutaneous cells in vitro. Our results indicate that melatonin itself does not negatively affect biophysical properties of melatonin-immobilized hybrid scaffolds, but it induces a pronounced elevation of cell viability within human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), and reference melanoma cells. These results demonstrate that this indoleamine accelerates re-epithelialization. This delivery is a promising technique for additional explorations in future dermatotherapy and protective skin medicine.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Differential and Overlapping Effects of Melatonin and Its Metabolites on Keratinocyte Function: Bioinformatics and Metabolic Analyses
- Author
-
Kerstin Steinbrink, Joanna Stefan, Russel J. Reiter, F. Schedel, Zorica Janjetovic, Radomir M. Slominski, Andrzej Slominski, Meri K. Tulic, Konrad Kleszczyński, Tae Kang Kim, Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski, and David K. Crossman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,mitochondrial metabolism ,Physiology ,DNA damage ,Lactate dehydrogenase A ,Clinical Biochemistry ,RNA-sequencing ,metabolites of melatonin ,melatonin ,RM1-950 ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Melatonin ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Gene expression ,medicine ,education ,Molecular Biology ,education.field_of_study ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,Protein kinase R ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,human keratinocytes ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Signal transduction ,Keratinocyte ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We investigated the effects of melatonin and its selected metabolites, i.e., N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) and 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel), on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) to assess their homeostatic activities with potential therapeutic implications. RNAseq analysis revealed a significant number of genes with distinct and overlapping patterns, resulting in common regulation of top diseases and disorders. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Reactome FIViZ, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed overrepresentation of the p53-dependent G1 DNA damage response gene set, activation of p53 signaling, and NRF2-mediated antioxidative pathways. Additionally, GSEA exhibited an overrepresentation of circadian clock and antiaging signaling gene sets by melatonin derivatives and upregulation of extension of telomere signaling in HEKs, which was subsequently confirmed by increased telomerase activity in keratinocytes, indicating possible antiaging properties of metabolites of melatonin. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) showed the activation of a keratinocyte differentiation program by melatonin, and GSEA indicated antitumor and antilipidemic potential of melatonin and its metabolites. IPA also indicated the role of Protein Kinase R (PKR) in interferon induction and antiviral response. In addition, the test compounds decreased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) gene expression. These results were validated by qPCR and by Seahorse metabolic assay with significantly decreased glycolysis and lactate production under influence of AFMK or 6(OH)Mel in cells with a low oxygen consumption rate. In summary, melatonin and its metabolites affect keratinocytes’ functions via signaling pathways that overlap for each tested molecule with some distinctions.
- Published
- 2021
34. Psoriasis and Its Impact on In-Hospital Outcome in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Kidney Injury
- Author
-
Kerstin Steinbrink, Susanne Karbach, Thomas Münzel, Lukas Hobohm, Johannes Wild, Philip Wenzel, and Karsten Keller
- Subjects
trends ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,dermatoepidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Article ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,AKI ,Internal medicine ,Psoriasis ,medicine ,In patient ,Myocardial infarction ,Stroke ,Dialysis ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Acute kidney injury ,General Medicine ,psoriasis ,medicine.disease ,mortality ,Concomitant ,business - Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the body far beyond the skin. Whereas there is solid evidence that chronic skin inflammation in psoriasis drives cardiovascular disease, the impact on renal impairment and acute kidney injury (AKI) is still unclear. We aimed to analyze the impact of psoriasis on the in-hospital outcome of patients hospitalized with AKI. Methods: In this retrospective database study, we investigated data on characteristics, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes for all hospitalized patients with AKI stratified for concomitant psoriasis, which were collected by the Federal Office of Statistics in Germany between 2005 and 2016. Results: Among the 3,162,449 patients treated for AKI in German hospitals between 2005 and 2016, 11,985 patients (0.4%) additionally suffered from psoriasis. While the annual number of AKI patients with psoriasis increased significantly from 485 cases (4.0%) in 2005 to 1902 (15.9%) in 2016 (p <, 0.001), the in-hospital mortality decreased substantially (from 24.9% in 2005 to 17.4% in 2016, p <, 0.001). AKI patients with concomitant psoriasis were younger (70 (IQR, 60&ndash, 78) vs. 76 (67&ndash, 83) years, 0.001) and were more often treated with dialysis (16.3% vs. 13.6%, p <, 0.001). Presence of psoriasis in AKI patients was associated with reduced prevalence of myocardial infarction (OR 0.62, 0.001), stroke (OR 0.85, p = 0.013), and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.75, 0.001). Conclusions: AKI patients with psoriasis were hospitalized in median 6 years earlier than those without. Despite younger age, we detected higher use of kidney replacement therapy in patients with psoriasis, indicating a more severe course of AKI. Our findings might improve management of these patients and contribute evidence for extracutaneous, systemic manifestations of psoriasis.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. COVID‐19 and immunological regulations – from basic and translational aspects to clinical implications
- Author
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Kilian Eyerich, Tilo Biedermann, Michael P. Schön, Timo Buhl, Esther von Stebut, Knut Schäkel, Christoph Schlapbach, Kerstin Steinbrink, Stefanie Eyerich, Carola Berking, Georg Stary, Kamran Ghoreschi, Ralf Ludwig, Bastian Schilling, Luise Erpenbeck, and Matthias Goebeler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment ,Context (language use) ,Inflammation ,Azathioprine ,610 Medicine & health ,Dermatology ,Review Article ,Review ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,B-Lymphocytes ,Innate immune system ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Immunotherapy ,Th1 Cells ,3. Good health ,ddc ,Calcineurin ,Immunology ,Cytokines ,Th17 Cells ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cytokine Release Syndrome ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has far‐reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 with mediators of the acute phase of inflammation (TNF, IL‐1, IL‐6), type 1 and type 17 immune responses (IL‐12, IL‐23, IL‐17, IL‐36), type 2 immune reactions (IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐5, IL‐31, IgE), B‐cell immunity, checkpoint regulators (PD‐1, PD‐L1, CTLA4), and orally druggable signaling pathways (JAK, PDE4, calcineurin). In addition, we discuss in this context non‐specific immune modulation by glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, antimalarial drugs, azathioprine, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and fumaric acid esters, as well as neutrophil granulocyte‐mediated innate immune mechanisms. From these recent findings we derive possible implications for the therapeutic modulation of said immunological mechanisms in connection with SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19. Although, of course, the greatest care should be taken with patients with immunologically mediated diseases or immunomodulating therapies, it appears that many treatments can also be carried out during the COVID‐19 pandemic; some even appear to alleviate COVID‐19.
- Published
- 2020
36. Chemoselective Dual Labeling of Native and Recombinant Proteins
- Author
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Bikram Keshari Agrawalla, Andreas Riegger, Matthias P. Domogalla, Tao Wang, Xi Chen, Thilo Dörfler, Tanja Weil, Felix Boldt, Seah Ling Kuan, Markus Lamla, Jens Michaelis, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Models, Molecular ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Bioengineering ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Cell Line ,Maleimides ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Bacterial Proteins ,law ,Animals ,Humans ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Cysteine ,Sulfhydryl Compounds ,Sulfones ,Maleimide ,Peptide sequence ,Dual labeling ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Staining and Labeling ,Communication ,Organic Chemistry ,Disulfide bond ,Proteins ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Recombinant Proteins ,0104 chemical sciences ,Allyl Compounds ,Luminescent Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Thiol ,Recombinant DNA ,Surface modification ,Interleukin-2 ,Peptides ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The attachment of two different functionalities in a site-selective fashion represents a great challenge in protein chemistry. We report site specific dual functionalizations of peptides and proteins capitalizing on reactivity differences of cysteines in their free (thiol) and protected, oxidized (disulfide) forms. The dual functionalization of interleukin 2 and EYFP proceeded with no loss of bioactivity in a stepwise fashion applying maleimide and disulfide rebridging allyl-sulfone groups. In order to ensure broader applicability of the functionalization strategy, a novel, short peptide sequence that introduces a disulfide bridge was designed and site-selective dual labeling in the presence of biogenic groups was successfully demonstrated.
- Published
- 2017
37. Anwendung von hochdosierten intravenösen Immunglobulinen in der Dermatologie
- Author
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Alexander, Enk, Gerhard, Fierlbeck, Lars, French, Michael, Hertl, Gerald, Messer, Michael, Meurer, Kerstin, Steinbrink, Georg, Stingl, Beatrice, Volc-Platzer, and Detlef, Zillikens
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
John R. Ingram, H K Bell, Gudula Kirtschig, B Walker, Fiona Antony, M Walsh, Eva-B. Bröcker, Ingrid Salvary, J Wee, Emilia Duarte-Williamson, H Santander, Kathy Taghipour, David Gawkrodger, Enno Schmidt, Sam Gibbs, Alison M Layton, Michael Sticherling, J Adams, M Vatve, Joanne R Chalmers, Hywel C Williams, Fiona Craig, S Blackford, A Carmichael, Walter Bottomley, Adzura Azam, Chris Lovell, Karen E. Harman, Margaret Childs, Alexander Vincent Anstey, K. Hussain, Marinella Nik, C Günthert, A. Chapman, N. van Beek, Andrew M Wright, Rainer Hügel, C Barnard, Indre Verpetinske, K Davies, Thomas A. Luger, A Omerod, Karen Gibbon, Alex Waters, V Akhras, Robert Charles-Holmes, Shyamal Wahie, John C. English, James Mason, R.R. Coelho, Girish Khandubhai Patel, Robert Ellis, Jane C. Sterling, A Lloyd Lavery, Thomas R. Godec, Fenella Wojnarowska, Jane Ravenscroft, Richard Groves, H Malhomme, Kerstin Steinbrink, Andrew J. Nunn, Regine Gläser, Emma Veysey, Adam Ferguson, V Lewis, Diane Whitham, V Venning, M Westmoreland, G Wong, Chris Bower, N. Hepburn, C Thomas, P J Hampton, R. Wachsmuth, Andrew Ilchyshyn, Nick J. Levell, M G S Dunnill, S. Walton, and R Rallan
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pemphigoid ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prednisolone ,RL ,Administration, Oral ,Equivalence Trials as Topic ,law.invention ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Germany ,Internal medicine ,Pemphigoid, Bullous ,medicine ,Initial treatment ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Glucocorticoids ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Doxycycline ,Medicine(all) ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Standard treatment ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,R1 ,Dermatology ,United Kingdom ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Bullous pemphigoid ,business ,Adjuvant ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid is a blistering skin disorder with increased mortality. We tested whether a strategy of starting treatment with doxycycline gives acceptable short-term blister control while conferring long-term safety advantages over starting treatment with oral corticosteroids. METHODS: We did a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial of adults with bullous pemphigoid (three or more blisters at two or more sites and linear basement membrane IgG or C3). Participants were randomly assigned to doxycycline (200 mg per day) or prednisolone (0·5 mg/kg per day) using random permuted blocks of randomly varying size, and stratified by baseline severity (3-9, 10-30, and >30 blisters for mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively). Localised adjuvant potent topical corticosteroids (
- Published
- 2017
39. Effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with intense pulsed light and radiofrequency therapy (LAight®) for severe hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report
- Author
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Kerstin Steinbrink, Sophia Zimmer, Uwe Kirschner, and Berenice M. Lang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,laight® therapy ,hidradenitis suppurativa ,Treatment options ,Intense pulsed light ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,adalimumab ,medicine ,Adalimumab ,lcsh:Dermatology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Chronic skin disease ,Symptom control ,Hidradenitis suppurativa ,Stage (cooking) ,business ,Acne ,General Environmental Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS also named as acne inversa) is a chronic skin disease characterized by relapsing formation of abscesses, inflammatory nodules, and fistulas. In moderate-to-severe disease, HS leads to the formation of scarring and thus irreversible tissue destruction. In the past few years, two new treatment options became available: adalimumab, the first biologic therapy approved for HS (Humira®, AbbVie), and a noninvasive, device-based treatment utilizing a combination of intense pulsed light and radiofrequency (LAight® therapy, LENICURA, Germany). Here, we report a case of a Hurley stage III patient where the positive effect of adalimumab could be enhanced by simultaneously applying LAight® therapy. Moreover, long-term symptom control could be achieved under monotherapy with LAight® after adalimumab was terminated.
- Published
- 2020
40. Pronounced Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy in a Primipara
- Author
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Beate Weidenthaler-Barth, Maria I. Schmidgen, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Text mining ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,medicine ,Clinical Snapshot ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2019
41. Deep ulcerating granuloma annulare resulting in impaired function of the elbow
- Author
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Andreas M. Hötker, Elise Langer, Beate Weidenthaler-Barth, Kerstin Steinbrink, University of Zurich, and Langer, Elise
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,10042 Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology ,Elbow ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,610 Medicine & health ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease ,2708 Dermatology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,business ,Granuloma annulare - Published
- 2019
42. Melatonin exerts oncostatic capacity and decreases melanogenesis in human MNT‐1 melanoma cells
- Author
-
Krystian Mokrzyński, Kerstin Steinbrink, Elżbieta Pyza, Michal Sarna, Agatha Stegemann, Andrzej Slominski, Russel J. Reiter, Bernadetta Bilska, Tae Kang Kim, Markus Böhm, and Konrad Kleszczyński
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,melanogenesis ,Cell Survival ,Endogeny ,melatonin ,Article ,Melatonin ,Melanin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pineal gland ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Cell Line, Tumor ,transmission electron microscopy ,medicine ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Melanoma ,Melanosome ,Melanins ,Chemistry ,electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ,tyrosinase activity ,liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,melanoma cells ,Pigmentation Disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Melanogenesis is a key parameter of differentiation in melanocytes and melanoma cells; therefore, search for factors regulating this pathway are strongly desired. Herein, we investigated the effects of melatonin, a ubiquitous physiological mediator that is found throughout animals and plants. In mammals, the pineal gland secretes this indoleamine into the blood circulation to exert an extensive repertoire of biological activities. Our in vitro assessment indicates an oncostatic capacity of melatonin in time-dependent manner (24, 48, 72 hours) in highly pigmented MNT-1 melanoma cells. The similar pattern of regulation regarding cell viability was observed in amelanotic Sk-Mel-28 cells. Subsequently, MNT-1 cells were tested for the first time for evaluation of melanin/melatonin interaction. Thus primary, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy demonstrated that melatonin reduced melanin content. Artificially induced disturbances of melanogenesis by selected inhibitors (N-phenylthiourea or kojic acid) were slightly antagonized by melatonin. Additionally, analysis using transmission electron microscopy has shown that melatonin, particularly at higher dose of 10(−3) mol/L, triggered the appearance of premelanosomes (stage I-II of melanosome) and MNT-1 cells synthesize de novo endogenous melatonin shown by LC-MS. In conclusion, these studies show a melanogenic-like function of melatonin suggesting it as an advantageous agent for treatment of pigmentary disorders.
- Published
- 2019
43. The cAMP pathway as therapeutic target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
- Author
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Verena Raker, Christian Becker, and Kerstin Steinbrink
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Cell signaling ,T regulatory cells ,Immunology ,Regulator ,T cells ,Tregs ,Inflammation ,Autoimmunity ,Review ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,medicine ,Cyclic AMP ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ,T regulatory Cells ,business.industry ,Cellular pathways ,targeted therapies ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,cAMP-dependent pathway ,medicine.symptom ,business ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
Nucleotide signaling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. In the immune system, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well established as a potent regulator of innate and adaptive immune cell functions. Therapeutic strategies to interrupt or enhance cAMP generation or effects have immunoregulatory potential in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the cyclic AMP axis and its role as a regulator of immune functions and discuss the clinical and translational relevance of interventions with these processes.
- Published
- 2016
44. Critical role of IL-10 in the induction of low zone tolerance to contact allergens
- Author
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Martin Metz, Kerstin Steinbrink, Juergen Knop, Wolfgang Seidel-Guyenot, and Marcus Maurer
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Adoptive cell transfer ,Population ,Picryl Chloride ,Biology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Dermatitis, Contact ,Article ,Immune tolerance ,Picryl chloride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Immune system ,medicine ,Immune Tolerance ,Animals ,education ,Lymph node ,Mice, Knockout ,education.field_of_study ,General Medicine ,Allergens ,Adoptive Transfer ,Interleukin-10 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Interleukin 10 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Immunology ,CD8 - Abstract
The development and mechanisms of tolerance to allergens are poorly understood. Using the murine low zone tolerance (LZT) model, where contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is prevented by repeated topical low-dose applications of contact allergens, we show that LZT induction is IL-10 dependent. IL-10 is required for the generation of LZT effector cells, that is, CD8+ regulatory T cells. Only T cells from tolerized IL-10+/+ mice or IL-10-/- mice reconstituted with IL-10 during LZT induction adoptively transferred LZT to naive mice and prevented CHS, whereas T cells from IL-10-/- mice failed to do so. The IL-10 required for normal LZT development is derived from lymph node CD4+ T cells, the only skin or lymph node cell population found to produce relevant amounts of IL-10 after tolerization. CD4+ T cells derived from IL-10+/+ mice, but not from IL-10-/- mice, allowed the induction of LZT in adoptively transferred T cell-deficient mice. Interestingly, IL-10 injections during tolerization greatly enhanced LZT responses in normal mice. Thus, the generation of CD8+ LZT effector T cells by CD4+ regulatory T cells via IL-10 may be a promising target of strategies aimed at preventing contact allergies and other harmful immune responses.
- Published
- 2003
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