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This study presents a pipe failure analysis that aims to identify key factors affecting pipe failure in a pilot study area (PSA). For this purpose, pipe failures that occurred in the PSA were recorded for 2 years. Recorded pipe failures were integrated into the existing geographical information systems of the PSA and then visualized. Then, the logistic regression model that calculates failure probability with unbalanced and small- and medium-sized data was performed to analyze pipe failures. Pipe material, age, diameter, burst pressure, and average water pressure are the factors used in the study. The developed model achieved a success rate of 70.1%, suggesting that it can predict a considerable portion of pipe failures with a relatively satisfactory performance. Findings show that the failure probability of pipes with an age greater than 20 years is 1.675 times higher than that of pipes with an age less than 20 years. Moreover, polyvinyl chloride pipes are 5.265 times and high-density polyethylene pipes are 9.027 times more likely to fail than ductile pipes. Further research should delve into the impacts of the number of service connections, pipe lengths, and traffic load on pipe failures. HIGHLIGHTS Pipe failure analysis is a key to implementing asset management strategies.; Logistic regression allows analysis with unbalanced and small- and medium-sized data, which is the case for many water utilities.; The developed model achieved a success rate of 70.1%, indicating that a significant proportion of pipe failures can be predicted with relatively satisfactory performance.;

Treatment of hand deformities in epidermolysis bullosa patients represents a challenging field in hand surgery practice, thus a systematic approach by a team is mandatory for a successful result. A simple and practical algorithm for the surgical treatment of hand deformities in EB was employed by the authors where the deformities of each digit in EB patients was categorized according to pseudosyndactyly and interphalangeal joint contracture severity for guidance during the surgical treatment. The current study retrospectively reviewed the medical records and photographic data of 13 EB patients followed in our department, for whom a systematic approach to the management and treatment was used. Mild cases were treated by surgical release and secondary healing with non-adhesive dressing while moderate cases were treated with autologous dermal grafts harvested with a special technique that were fixed on denuded areas on the proximal interphalageal joints after release. The remaining areas were treated similarly to the mild group. Additional K-wires were applied for two weeks in severe cases. A total of 21 procedures were performed on 13 EB patients with hand deformities according to the proposed treatment strategy. Functional recovery was satisfactory for each patient and the outcomes were dependent upon the severity of deformity. A multidisciplinary and conscious approach followed by an algorithmic surgical treatment protocol described in the study has been beneficial in providing consistent and successful long-term results for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subciliary incision is the most commonly used approach for lower eyelid blepharoplasty because of the advantages like ease of combining with other periocular and midface rejuvenation techniques. However, the most common reported major complication is lower lid malposition. In this article we described our subciliary dissection technique to protect the motor branches of tarsal orbicularis oculi to avoid from ectropion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free microvascular transfer of toes for reconstruction of the thumb remains to be an area of interest in microsurgery. The goal of reconstruction is to restore the prehensile abilities of the thumb, while achieving acceptable appearance and minimizing morbidity at the donor site. We report the case of a 21-year-old man who had second toe-to-thumb reconstruction after post-traumatic amputation of his left thumb at the metacarpophalangeal level. Before the accident, he played a musical string instrument, the 'Saz', regularly. The traditional method of playing the Saz is to pluck the strings with the fingers of the right hand and pick the strings with the thumb and fingers of the left hand. Three months after the operation, he was playing the saz again, proving that he had sufficient strength in opposition, adduction, and flexion force in the transferred toe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Facial aesthetic treatments are among the most popular cosmetic procedures worldwide, but the factors that motivate women to change their facial appearance are not fully understood. Objectives: The authors examine the relationships among the facial areas on which women focus most as they age, women's general self-perception, and the effect of their personal focus on "beauty points" on their perception of other women's faces. Methods: In this prospective study, 200 women who presented to a cosmetic surgery outpatient clinic for consultation between December 2009 and February 2010 completed a questionnaire. The 200 participants were grouped by age: 20-29 years, 30-39, 40-49, and 50 or older (50 women in each group). They were asked which part of their face they focus on most when looking in the mirror, which part they notice most in other women (of different age groups), what they like/dislike most about their own face, and whether they wished to change any facial feature. Results: A positive correlation was found between women's focal points and the areas they dislike or desire to change. Younger women focused mainly on their nose and skin, while older women focused on their periorbital area and jawline. Women focus on their personal focal points when looking at other women in their 20s and 30s, but not when looking at older women. Conclusions: Women presenting for cosmetic surgery consultation focus on the areas that they dislike most, which leads to a desire to change those features. The plastic surgeon must fully understand patients' expectations to select appropriate candidates and maximize satisfaction with the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula remains a major challenge for thoracic surgeons. Successful closure of a postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula was performed in a 60-year-old man, using a flap made by a combination of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscle which had been divided during the pneumonectomy operation. The flap was prepared on the presence of a dependable collateral serratus anterior branch to the lateral thoracic artery, which provides retrograde flow to the latissimus dorsi muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Resorbable mesh and porous polyethylene are frequently used alloplastic materials for the treatment of the orbital blowout fractures. The literature lacks reports comparing their long-term effects on experimental models., Objective: Our aim was to radiologically and histologically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of porous polyethylene and resorbable mesh in a rabbit orbital blowout fracture model., Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits (24 orbits) were randomized to 4 groups. In group 1, only orbital floor dissection was done. In group 2, following orbital floor dissection, a 10-mm defect was created without any extra procedure. In group 3, following a 10-mm defect creation, a 12-mm-round cut porous polyethylene was placed on the defect. In group 4, following a 10-mm defect creation, a 12-mm-round cut resorbable mesh was placed on the defect. Computed tomographic analysis was performed during follow-up period. Orbital floors were evaluated histologically at month 6., Results: No clinical complications were observed during follow-up period. In radiological evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding bone formation. In histological evaluation, the connective tissue was denser, and organized and better bone formation was observed in group 3 and 4 when compared with other groups., Conclusion: Although no significant radiological changes were present, porous polyethylene and resorbable mesh performed better histologically. They were effective and well tolerated for reconstruction of the isolated orbital floor defects., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and quantify nasal profile changes following maxillary advancement (MA) and maxillary advancement with impaction (MAI) with Le Fort I osteotomies., Methods: The study consisted of preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms of 42 class III adult patients. The study sample was divided into 2 groups, with the first group composed of 22 patients who underwent MA surgery and the second group composed of 20 patients who underwent MAI surgery. In total, 7 skeletal parameters and 17 soft-tissue parameters related to nasal projection, hump, dorsal convexity, and the nasolabial region were evaluated on the cephalograms, and hard- and soft-tissue relationships were assessed., Results: Nasal length, hump, nasal depths, distance from the most convex point of the Alar curvature to the most inferior point of the nostril, alar curvature-subnasale, and subnasale-pronasale measurements decreased postoperatively. In the MAI group, MA correlated with significant decreases in nasal length and hump. In the MA group, MA correlated with pronasale position (P < 0.05); significant decreases in nasal depth, columella convexity, and subnasale-pronasale length; and significant changes in subnasale position., Conclusions: There is little difference in the effects of the 2 different maxillary surgeries on the postoperative nasal profile.

Temporalis muscle metastasis of a tumor is a rare condition. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which often occurs in the aerodigestive tract. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports dealing with temporalis muscle metastasis from esophageal carcinoma in the literature.