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Background: Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl both possess hypnotic, sedative, analgesic properties and have been utilised as an additive in epidural anaesthesia. The purpose of this study is to compare the sedative and analgesic effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl when added epidurally with Ropivacaine (0.75%) during lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Methods: The study comprised of 60 patients, both male and female, aged 18 to 60, who had ASA classification I or II for tibia fibula surgery. Two groups of patients were split up at random: Group RD contains– Ropivacaine (0.75%) 15ml + Dexmedetomidine (1microgm/kg) 0.5ml + 0.5ml sterile water (Total volume-16ml) and Group RF - Ropivacaine 15ml (0.75%) + 1ml Fentanyl (1microgm/kg) (Total volume-16 ml). The epidural space was maintained 4 cm within and situated between L3 and L4 space. Investigations were conducted on parameters such as sensory and motor block features, sedation score, hemodynamic factors and pain assessment. Using the student `t` test, statistical analysis was performed using STATAIC13 software. Results: Onset of sensory analgesia at L1 and Complete sensory and motor blockage occurred much earlier in the RD group. Higher sedation scores and significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia was observed in RD group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a safer and more effective epidural adjuvant than fentanyl because it provides stable hemodynamics, extended post-operative analgesia, early onset and development of sensory and motor effects and sedation.

The paper summarizes the results of several numerical flow simulations of force influence of air flows on the treated paper sheet to get a contactless fixing of the treated material during its passage through the machine and to prevent the contact of the sheet with the structural elements in the surroundings.

Dust particles from high latitudes have a potentially large local, regional, and global significance to climate and the environment as short-lived climate forcers, air pollutants, and nutrient sources. Identifying the locations of local dust sources and their emission, transport, and deposition processes is important for understanding the multiple impacts of high-latitude dust (HLD) on the Earth's systems. Here, we identify, describe, and quantify the source intensity (SI) values, which show the potential of soil surfaces for dust emission scaled to values 0 to 1 concerning globally best productive sources, using the Global Sand and Dust Storms Source Base Map (G-SDS-SBM). This includes 64 HLD sources in our collection for the northern (Alaska, Canada, Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Sweden, and Russia) and southern (Antarctica and Patagonia) high latitudes. Activity from most of these HLD sources shows seasonal character. It is estimated that high-latitude land areas with higher (SI ≥0.5), very high (SI ≥0.7), and the highest potential (SI ≥0.9) for dust emission cover >1 670 000 km2, >560 000 km2, and >240 000 km2, respectively. In the Arctic HLD region (≥60∘ N), land area with SI ≥0.5 is 5.5 % (1 035 059 km2), area with SI ≥0.7 is 2.3 % (440 804 km2), and area with SI ≥0.9 is 1.1 % (208 701 km2). Minimum SI values in the northern HLD region are about 3 orders of magnitude smaller, indicating that the dust sources of this region greatly depend on weather conditions. Our spatial dust source distribution analysis modeling results showed evidence supporting a northern HLD belt, defined as the area north of 50∘ N, with a “transitional HLD-source area” extending at latitudes 50–58∘ N in Eurasia and 50–55∘ N in Canada and a “cold HLD-source area” including areas north of 60∘ N in Eurasia and north of 58∘ N in Canada, with currently “no dust source” area between the HLD and low-latitude dust (LLD) dust belt, except for British Columbia. Using the global atmospheric transport model SILAM, we estimated that 1.0 % of the global dust emission originated from the high-latitude regions. About 57 % of the dust deposition in snow- and ice-covered Arctic regions was from HLD sources. In the southern HLD region, soil surface conditions are favorable for dust emission during the whole year. Climate change can cause a decrease in the duration of snow cover, retreat of glaciers, and an increase in drought, heatwave intensity, and frequency, leading to the increasing frequency of topsoil conditions favorable for dust emission, which increases the probability of dust storms. Our study provides a step forward to improve the representation of HLD in models and to monitor, quantify, and assess the environmental and climate significance of HLD.

Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) has limited therapeutic options and is associated with a poor prognosis. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial showing that combining checkpoint inhibitors (durvalumab and tremelimumab) with chemotherapy (gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel) does not improve survival compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with mPDAC.

Laser Powder Direct Energy Deposition (LP-DED) allows for manufacturing of large components while still maintaining internal thin walls for heat exchanger applications. The LP-DED process has been matured for alloys including stainless steels, superalloys, and titanium, but has had very limited research using copper-based alloys, which are important for applications that require high thermal conductivity. This study quantifies the size effects on microstructure, surface metrology, microhardness, and mechanical response to tensile loads for different thicknesses and powder compositions of hot isostatic pressed (HIP) LP-DED Copper-Chromium-Niobium alloy, specifically GRCop-42. To accomplish this, tensile specimens were sectioned from single track build walls in both horizontal and vertical orientations to also investigate possible anisotropic behavior in the part. Results show that microstructure, hardness, surface metrology, and porosity are independent of wall thickness. Uniaxial loading response showed some variations with specimens orientation and size effects. For vertical specimens, thicker specimens showed a 6% higher elongation than thinner specimens. Horizontal specimens showed close to double the elongation when compared to vertical specimens, where thinner specimens had a higher reduction in elongation than thicker specimens. Additionally, removing the surface effects through polishing practically eliminated the anisotropic behavior between horizontal and vertical specimens along with the observed size effects. To demonstrate size effects dependency on the manufacturing process comparison is made between GRCop-42 alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and LP-DED.

Yapılan bu çalışma özel eğitim öğrencilerinin okuduğunu anlama becerilerini geliştirmede teknoloji destekli öğretimin etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla deney ve kontrol gruplarından oluşan 20 hafif zihinsel gereksinimi olan 6. sınıf öğrencisinin okuduğunu anlama düzeyi nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan ön test-son test kontrol gruplu seçkisiz deneysel desen modeline göre tasarlanan verilerle incelenmiştir. 2018 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan bilgilendirici, hikâye edici ve şiir metin türlerinin alt türleri olan dokuz metin türüne uygun olarak seçilen metinler haftalık periyotlarla öğrencilere sunulmuştur. Metinler birbirine denk olan bu gruplardan deney grubu öğrencilerine etkileşimli tahta aracılığıyla kontrol grubu öğrencilerine ise akıllı tahta kullanılmadan geleneksel öğretim yöntemleri ile sunulmuştur. Metinler işlendikten sonra öğrencilere her birisi beş sorudan oluşup 100 puan üzerinden değerlendirilen Okuduğunu Anlama Başarı Testi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan en son Okuduğunu Anlama Başarı Testinin ardından iki hafta sonra Kalıcılık Testi yardımıyla öğrencilerin okudukları metinleri anlamlandırma düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları sonucunda, deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin ön test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Fakat Kalıcılık Testi puanları karşılaştırıldığında deney grubu ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin puanları arasında istatistiki açıdan pozitif yönde anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda deney grubunda bulunan öğrencilerin kalıcılık testi puanlarının kontrol grubunda bulunan öğrencilerin puanlarından daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Youth served in residential care often demonstrate significant educational and behavioral gains during treatment; however, struggles evidenced during the reunification and reintegration process underscore the importance of continued aftercare services and supports. While these needs have been widely noted in the literature, little is known about youth perceptions regarding the importance of aftercare or preferences regarding specific supports. The purpose of this study was to assess the views of youth discharging from a residential program on perceptions of transition planning and aftercare, preparedness for the reintegration, and perceptions regarding specific services and supports. One-hundred and thirty-two youth served in a large residential care facility were asked to complete a Youth Aftercare Survey prior to departure to determine youth perceptions. Overall, results revealed high levels of youth optimism about their preparedness for the upcoming transition and identified supports in education, relationships, physical health, independent living, and family as most important to the reintegration process. Although promising findings were revealed regarding youth perceptions of the importance of continued supports across broad domains, youth were less concerned about mental health supports; a factor critical to long-term success. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

Increased blood lactic acid is likely to be involved in the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broiler chicken. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) with direct or indirect influence on the cardiovascular system may provide, to some degree, protection against lactic acidemia in birds. A total number of 144 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a complete randomised block design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of GAA at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3 g/kg on the physiological response of broiler chicks to an acute lactic acidosis in an 8-days experiment. Birds receiving 1.8 and 3 g/kg GAA exhibited lesser mortality percentage compared with the control birds and those received dietary GAA at 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg (p

ABSTRACT: Three hundred fifty 18-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were used to examine the effects of early growth rate (x̄-3SD, x̄-2SD, x̄-SD, x̄, x̄+SD, x̄+2SD and x̄+3SD) and a fat soluble vitamin (FSV) cocktail on glucose tolerance, whole tract feed transit time (FFT), certain liver, and pancreas related traits as well as their share in intra-flock variance of body weight (BW) at d 42 and feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in d 21 to 42 of age. Birds with a greater initial BW (21 d) showed greater FI during d 21 to 42 of age and gained a higher final BW at d 42 of age. The broilers injected with a FSV cocktail consumed more feed with an improved FCR and achieved a noticeable greater BW at d 42 of age compared with the untreated birds (P < 0.05). Blood glucose at 15 min after oral gavageing of a glucose solution was elevated in all birds faster than those with a body weight close to the mean population BW. Lipase activity increased by 9.75% and amylase activity decreased by 14.9% in the birds treated with FSV injections compared with those received no vitamin. Multivariate step-wise regression analysis showed liver percentage as the leading variable accounting for about 75 and 62.77% of BW and FI variance, respectively. Serum cholesterol concentration was the major predictor in a poor model (R2 = 52.07) generated for FCR, explaining 29.3 of the FCR viability (P < 0.150). It was concluded that the slow and fast growing birds within a flock showed the same efficiency in dietary glucose absorbing and blood glucose clearing. The faster-growing birds demonstrated slower FTT. Liver percentage was the major parameter explaining a significant fraction of the intra-flock variance in BW at marketing age and FI during days 21 to 42 d.

The paper focuses on the processing of the characteristics of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant External Emergency Plan and its updating as a document for the strategic level of management and coordination of the Integrated Rescue System components in the solution of a radiation accident. A case study of the activities of selected central and territorial administrative authorities, crisis management bodies of the South Bohemian Region, municipalities with extended powers, municipalities, Integrated Rescue System components and other subjects in dealing with an emergency occurring in connection with a simulated radiation accident at the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. From a methodological point of view, the literature search, expert reflection, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction were used for the paper. The paper evaluates the External Emergency Plan of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant and the Zone 2019 exercise as a case study.

A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the single and combined effects of oral gavage of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO; 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/bird/day) and dietary acetic acid (AA; 0 and 20 mg/kg) on selected parameters using 252 Ross-308 14-day-old broiler chicks. Effects of 12 treatments were examined in seven replicates of three birds each. Administration of SkEO at 400, 500 and 600 mg/day reduced ADFI by 8.99, 8.09 and 10.12% compared with those gavaged with 200 mg, respectively. In the birds gavaged with 400 mg SkEO, serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased when compared with those who received 600 mg SkEO in Days 42 of age. Serum concentration of albumin (ALB) was greater by 8.38% in birds fed with AA-added diets than the control birds in Day 34 of age. Serum concentration of antioxidants increased in the birds receiving 400 mg of SkEO and fed with the non-acidified diet than those receiving 300 mg of SkEO and fed acidified diets. Gross kidney health improved by gavaging SkEO indicated by greater frequency of score zero (apparently healthy) and reduced fat percentage in the SkEO-fed birds. The kidney fat proportion in the birds gavaged SkEO at 300 to 500 mg were decreased when compared with control birds in Day 38 of age. In conclusion, SkEO can be fed to broiler chicken to improve kidney health at 200 to 400 mg/day with no adverse effect of performance.HIGHLIGHTS Direct administration of SkEO into crop through oral gavageing lowered feed intake and improved gross kidney health. Almost all productive performance indications were adversely affected in birds receiving AA-added diets. No interaction was found between the SkEO and acetic acid in main productive traits.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of propolis (bee glue; BG) supplementation and stocking density on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, and immune response of broilers exposed to heat stress. In Experiment I, a total of 300 1-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to six treatments, with five replications of 10 birds each. The birds were fed diet containing no additive (CON) or diet supplemented with different levels of BG (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/kg of feed). Broilers-fed BG at 4 g/kg had higher average daily gain (ADG) (linear and quadratic, p

Studies in different animal model systems have revealed the impact of odors on immune cells; however, any understanding on why and how odors control cellular immunity remained unclear. We find that Drosophila employ an olfactory-immune cross-talk to tune a specific cell type, the lamellocytes, from hematopoietic-progenitor cells. We show that neuronally released GABA derived upon olfactory stimulation is utilized by blood-progenitor cells as a metabolite and through its catabolism, these cells stabilize Sima/HIFα protein. Sima capacitates blood-progenitor cells with the ability to initiate lamellocyte differentiation. This systemic axis becomes relevant for larvae dwelling in wasp-infested environments where chances of infection are high. By co-opting the olfactory route, the preconditioned animals elevate their systemic GABA levels leading to the upregulation of blood-progenitor cell Sima expression. This elevates their immune-potential and primes them to respond rapidly when infected with parasitic wasps. The present work highlights the importance of the olfaction in immunity and shows how odor detection during animal development is utilized to establish a long-range axis in the control of blood-progenitor competency and immune-priming.