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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the influence of cookies made from (Musa acuminata cavendish and Cucumis sativus) and self-talk to reduce urine protein levels and blood pressure in women of childbearing age before hypertension. METHODOLOGY: The study was quasi-experimental, using pretests and post-tests from September to November 2023. Random sampling was done using the Slovin formula. Samples were divided into four groups; each group consisted of 30 people. The total sample consisted of 120 people. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, booklets, and cookies. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software with an independent t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: There were differences in urine protein levels between the initial and final measurements. In group one, five respondents had positive urine protein, while 24 had negative urine protein. In group two, four patients had positive urine protein levels, and all of them were negative. In group three, 2 had positive proteins, and 28 had negative proteins. In group four, 2 had positive proteins, and 28 had negative proteins. A p-value of 0.000 indicates the influence of Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus cookies and the self-talk module on protein levels. CONCLUSION: Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus cookies and the Self Talk booklet for prehypertensive mothers in Kendari City for 12 weeks can effectively reduce blood pressure and urine protein levels.

The aim of this research is to develop approach-based electronic teaching materials Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) on systems of equations and linear inequalities to improve high school students' valid and practical mathematical problem solving abilities. This research method uses research and development with a 4D model. Data was collected using questionnaires, observations and interviews. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. Teaching materials are said to be valid and practical if the score obtained is more than 70%. The results of this research show that electronic teaching materials are based The CTL approach was developed to increase mathematical problem solving abilities for high school students get score mean 89% with very valid category. The results of student responses in the limited trial obtained a score of 90.28% in the very practical category. The student response results in the field trial were 90.35% with very practical criteria. The teacher response results were 94.14% with the very practical category and the observation sheet 90.6% with the very practical criteria. From the results of validity and practicality, it can be seen that the teaching materials developed are suitable for use as learning resources.

Recently, researchers have witnessed an alarming phenomenon related to the violation of language politeness among students. This study aims to describe the map of students' language impoliteness in Indonesia. The research data is in the form of students' speech. The focus of this research is unmannerly speech which is studied by phenomenological study by using Culpeper's impoliteness strategy. The phenomenological steps taken are observation of the phenomenon of impoliteness, formulating problems, collecting data, analyzing data, and preparing reports. The research findings show that students use three politeness violation strategies, namely direct politeness violation, positive politeness violation, and negative politeness violation. The phenomenon found is the strategy of impoliteness by using four forms, namely delivering impolite speech directly, speech uttered based on consideration of the interlocutor, considering the location, and the situation of the conversation between the speaker and the interlocutor. This research can contribute to education, especially for teachers to always educate and guide students to speak politely. With a better understanding of the phenomenon of violations of students' language politeness, it is hoped that appropriate preventive and intervention measures can be taken to minimize the forms of language impoliteness that can be carried out by a teacher or parent.

This research was conducted to improve the stability of roselle anthocyanins by spray-drying using a single matrix (maltodextrin) and a binary matrix (maltodextrin-trehalose = 1:1). Each matrix was added to the core material at three different ratios: 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50. The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of microencapsulated powders were compared. The process using a single matrix with a 50:50 maltodextrin-to-extract ratio (MD-3) was identified as optimal. Spray-drying yield of MD-3 was 73.6 %, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other formulas. Encapsulation efficiency of MD-3 was 50.28 % and the powders was light red with a non-sticky texture, 2.5 % moisture content, and its red color was stable at pH 2.6–5. Average particle size of MD-3 was 4.48 μm with homogeneous distribution (PDI = 0.41400), spherical and amorphous particles. In the DPPH scavenging method, MD-3 powders exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 3397.55 μg/mL. Although the addition of trehalose to maltodextrin in the binary matrix did not produce better physicochemical characteristics, it significantly (P < 0.05) improved encapsulation efficiency (66.65–76.53 %). Therefore, further exploration is necessary to determine the appropriate maltodextrin-to-trehalose ratio in microencapsulating roselle extract. These findings enable further industrial application of different matrices to encapsulate anthocyanin as well as other bioactive compounds.

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is one of the traditional medicines of the Zingiberaceae family, which contains phenolic ketone compounds, including gingerol and shogaol. At high temperatures, gingerol compounds become unstable and will change into shogaol. This study optimized conditions for the simultaneous separation of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the red ginger extract using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The analytical conditions consisted of five different methods by modifying the composition of the mobile phase, the elution system, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the optimum UV wavelength. The best conditions for the simultaneous separation using a ratio of water: acetonitrile mobile phase in method 4 with a gradient elution system including 0 min (65:35); 1.5 min (40:60); 5-6.5 min (10:90); 7.5–9 min (0:100); 9.5–12 min (65:35); the mobile phase flow rate was 1.1 mL/min at an optimum wavelength of 230 nm with a retention time of 6-gingerol compound, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively were 4.947; 6.168; 6.554; and 7.412 min and its resolution were 2.267; 1.575; 1.315; and 2.215. Then the tailings factor and asymmetry values were obtained with an average value of ± 1.

The aim of this writer's research was to produce a product in the form of a learning module in the Islamic tarbiyah program at the Integrated Islamic Senior High School Wahdah Islamiyah Palopo. This study uses research and development (RandD). This research developed an existing product, namely mawad (a set of consumables used by murabbi/murabbiyah in the Islamic tarbiyah program at the Integrated Islamic Senior High School Wahdah Islamiyah Palopo. The subjects of this study were murabbi and murabbiyah at the Integrated Islamic Senior High School Wahdah Islamiyah Palopo, totaling three people (one murabbi and two murabbiyah). and class X SMAIT Wahdah Islamiyah will be 31 people, class XI will be 25 people and class XII will be 21. The research object is mawad (collection of materials) tarbiyah Islamiyah marhalah ta'rif 1. including: observation/observations, interviews, literature studies, questionnaires and documentation.This quantitative analysis technique was used to analyze the research data this time which presents the results of product development in the form of the tarbiyah marhalah ta'rif 1 module. Data were obtained from research instruments/tools obtained through validation by three experts and a questionnaire answering teachers and students at the Integrated Islamic Senior High School Wahdah Islamiyah Palopo. The findings in this study are that in implementing the Islamic tarbiyah program, murabbi/murabbiyah in various regions use mawad (collection of material) whose material is discussed in general for all groups. Currently, murabbi/murabbiyah, especially at the Integrated Islamic Senior High School Wahdah Islamiyah Palopo, do not yet have a module where the material has been separated according to the time period for which the material must be completed so that the material is not completed according to the specified time period.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins with double functions as natural colorants and pharmacologically active ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Optimizing its extraction by upscaling and engineering the derived extract into its concentrated form or dry powder are thus needed. This study optimized the conditions of stirring-assisted extraction (SAE) of roselle calyces at an upscaled volume, determined the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of extract concentrated with rotary evaporation, and evaluated the effects of spray-drying and oven-drying on the powdered extract characterized from both properties. Results show that anthocyanin extraction from roselle was successfully upscaled using SAE with these optimized conditions: 50 % ethanol acidified with 2 % citric acid as the solvent, an S/L ratio of 1:15 g/mL, and three extraction cycles with a duration of 60 min each. Concentrated extracts (moisture content = 1.38–2.35 %) can be used as an alternative form of storage. Spray-drying with the matrix maltodextrin proved effective in producing dry powder with superior properties than oven-drying. Spray-drying and a 1:1 extract-to-maltodextrin ratio created more favorable dry powder: smooth surface, light red color, amorphous structure, spherical morphology, homogenous particle size (avg. 1.951 µm), total anthocyanin of 2.15 mg/g, antioxidant activity at IC50 = 203.56 µg/mL, and color stability maintained at pH = 2.6–4.0. These conditions enable extraction scale-ups for industrial production. Further, storage in thick concentrations and oven-drying can alternatives in specific cases when spray-drying is not doable.

An autoimmune condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) results in chronic joint inflammation. Side effects that occur during long-term RA treatment are dangerous. Therefore, many people prefer herbal medicines, estimated to have lower side effects; one such herb is bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) bulbs. This study aimed to determine the class of compounds and the effective dose of the 96% ethanol extract of E. bulbosa bulbs, which had an anti-RA effect in the Wistar strain with the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) model. Eleutherine bulbosa bulb extract was macerated with 96% ethanol. In the tests with extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/KgBW and methylprednisolone 15 mg/KgBW, the induction used Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Treatment was provided from day eight through 21 of the test's 21-day duration. Phytochemical screening results contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The percentage inhibition of edema volume and joint thickness, respectively, extract doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/KgBW, and methylprednisolone 15 mg/KgBW were 27.9585%, 49.3446%, 53.3239%, and 58.4629%; as well as 64.9809%, 73.8022%, 74.1444%, and 74.1825%. After analyzing the results, it was determined that E. bulbosa bulb extracts in 96% ethanol can treat RA at effective 200 and 400 mg/KgBW (p-value

Context: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of the traditional crude drugs monographed in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia Edition II (IHP II). As per IHP II requirements, a TLC pattern should be used in its authentication. However, the TLC system described for this purpose does not produce a clear reference chromatogram, often leading to inconclusive results. Aims: To develop and validate TLC systems of H. sabdariffa calyces for a better-quality chromatogram than those listed in the IHP II, thereby facilitating crude drugs authentication. Methods: To optimize TLC for H. sabdariffa, sixteen systems, differing in stationary phase, mobile phase composition, and/or visualization reagent were tested. The TLC system was then validated using several parameters such as analyte stability during chromatography, analyte stability in the extract solution and on the TLC plate, stability of the derivatization result, and precision on a plate as well as intermediate precision. Results: Two systems (I and II) were successfully designed and applied to evaluate H. sabdariffa quality. System I used Si gel 60 F254 for the stationary phase, ethyl acetate-formic acid-glacial acetic acid-water (100:11:11:2) for the mobile phase, H. sabdariffa’s ethanol extract (5%, 20 µL) for the test solution, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (100 ppm, 4 µL) as a reference, no derivatization, and detection with visible light. System II combined Si gel 60 F254 for the stationary phase, ethyl acetate-formic acid-glacial acetic acid-toluene-water (80:11:11:20:19), H. sabdariffa’s ethanol extract (5%, 20 µL) for the test solution, chlorogenic acid (1000 ppm, 2 µL) and caffeic acid (50 ppm, 2 µL) as references, the visualizing reagent NP/PEG, and investigation under 366 nm UV light. Conclusions: Both systems are simple but have good stability and precision, thus facilitating H. sabdariffa calyx authentication and paving the way for developing content analysis methods for H. sabdariffa markers.

This research was carried out in the coastal area in the Amal Beach Village. The purpose of this research is to find out some of the determinations that influence the income of gill net fishermen in Pantai Amal Village. The approach used in this study is a quantitative descriptive approach with modeling using multiple linear regression. Determination of the sample in this study using purposive sampling. The results showed that there was a simultaneous effect on the variables of working capital, length of time at sea and experience on the income of gill net fishermen in Pantai Amal Village. While the variables of working capital, labor, length of time at sea and experience have a simultaneous effect on the income of gill net fishermen in Pantai Amal Village.

This study aimed to develop an E-Module on Line and Angle material with learning videos to facilitate the mathematical understanding ability of seventh-grade junior high school students that meets the aspects of validity and practicality requirements. This study was a research and development method with a 4D development model consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The small group trial subjects were nine students of grade VII at a Junior High School in Pekanbaru. The data collection instrument in this study consisted of a validity instrument in the form of a validation sheet and a practical instrument in the form of a student response questionnaire sheet. Based on the analysis of the validation sheet data and student response questionnaire sheets, the average E-Module validation was 3.6 with a very valid category, and the E-Module practicality average was 3.3 with a very practical category. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed E-Module is valid and practical.

Penelitian yang dilaksanakan mempunyai tujuan menganalisis dan memberikan deskripsi jenis kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa menurut Kastolan pada penyelesaian soal bilangan dengan pangkat bulat positif serta negatif. Subjek pada penelitian yang dilaksanakan sebanyak 16 siswa kelas VII Pondok Pesantren MTs As-Sakinah Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan berjenis kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pemerolehan data berupa tes tertulis juga wawancara. Tes tertulis tersusun berbentuk uraian sejumlah 5 butir soal. Teknik analisa data yang dilaksanakan yakni: pengoreksian jawaban siswa;pengidentifikasian serta penganalisaan kesalahan yang dibuat siswa saat menjawab soal berdasar pada tipekesalahan Kastolan; penghitungan keseluruhan kesalahan dalam tiap-tiap soal dalam tiap-tiap tipe kesalahan; hasil persentase dikelompokkan berdasarpada persentase kesalahan; data yang telah diperhitungkan selanjutnya dianalisis sdengan deskriptif melalui penafsiran hasil persentase kesalahan siswa;serta memaparkan simpulan. Hasil analisis kesalahan siswa, maka diperoleh sebanyak 18,2% siswa melakukan kesalahan konsep dengan kategori kesalahan sangat rendah, 42,4% siswa melakukan kesalahan prosedur dengan kategori kesalahan cukup, dan 39,4% siswa melakukan kesalahan operasi hitung dengan kategori kesalahan rendah.

Berdasarkan teori kesalahan Kastolan, kesalahan yang dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika terdiri dari tiga kesalahan yaitu konseptual, prosedural, dan teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa saat menjawab pertanyaan matematika tentang relasi dan fungsi. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu 30 siswa kelas VIIIE SMP IT Bangkinang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lima soal relasi dan fungsi berbentuk uraian. Validitas soal kemudian dihitung dan kesalahan soal yang memenuhi kategori digunakan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang paling banyak siswa lakukan ialah kesalahan prosedural. Tingkat kesalahan siswa berdasarkan berdasarkan jenis kesalahan adalah 12,87% untuk kesalahan konsep, 74,26% untuk kesalahan prosedur, dan 12,87% kesalahan operasi hitung. Faktor-faktor yang membuat siswa salah dalam mengerjakan soal relasi dan fungsi adalah siswa tidak memperhatikan, siswa tidak bisa membedakan relasi yang termasuk fungsi dan bukan fungsi, dan siswa terburu-buru untuk melakukan operasi aljabar, bahwa siswa tidak menyelesaikan soal sampai hasil akhir.

Background: The study of school children in Surabaya, in 2018, has produced a prediction model in the form of a mathematical formula set forth in the screening instrument for Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) within feces via DEC transmission media. This model has not been validly tested. Therefore, a validity test must be carried out before applying this screening instrument. Objective: The study aims to carry out a validity test on the screening instrument for the detection of microbe DEC in elementary school children. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. In this study, the sample taken was 109 children. The sample collection method used was simple random sampling. The results of the laboratory test were used as the gold standard for the validity test of IS-DEC. Results: The majority of the children (94.5%) stated that they tended to buy snacks. 56% of the children bought food and/or drinks that were highly at risk of getting contaminated by bacteria. The laboratory test of the feces samples shows that 13.8% of children were confirmed to have DEC in their feces (DEC-positive). A sensitivity value of 93.3% was obtained from the calculation, meaning that the capability of IS-DEC to predict the presence of DEC-positive within children’s feces is at 93.3%. It shows that ISDEC has a good criterion validity. The specificity of IS-DEC is only 8.5%. Conclusions: The result indicates that the sensitivity of the Screening Instrument (IS-DEC) to predict the presence of DEC within children’s feces is already good.

ملخص يهدف هذا البحث إىل معرفة العوامل الداعمة واملثبطة يف عملية تنفيذ منهج شعبة تدريس اللغة العربية القائم على الوسطية الدينية يف اجلامعات اإلسالمية احلكومية بسوالويسي اجلنوبية، و تشمل التخطيط لتنفيذ املنهج وتنفيذ املنهج وتقييم تنفيذ املنهج مث لتعريف العوامل الداعمة واملثبطة لتطبيق منهج شعبة تدريس اللغة العربية. و هذا البحث نوعي، و مجع البياانت عن طريق املالحظة، وهي مالحظة املشاركني للحصول نتائج البحث الدقيقة؛ و املقابلة، وهي مقابالت مباشرة مع رؤساء الشعبة وأمنائها واحملاضرين وطالب شعبة تدريس اللغة العربية؛ و الواثئق، و هي يف شكل أرشيفات املناهج وأرشيفات خطة التعليم للفصل الدراسي و كذلك الوثيقة املكتوبة األخرى. ونتائج البحث تشري إىل أن منهج شعبة تدريس اللغة العربية القائم على الوسطية الدينية قد مت تطبيقه مع إيالء اهتمام كب ري لزراعة قيم الوسطية الدينية اليت ميكن مالحظتها يف عملية التخطيط لتنفيذ املنهج وتطبيقه وتقييم تنفيذ ه، سواء من حيث قيمة الوسطية الدينية مكتوبة يف املناهج الدراسية أو ضمنية من خالل عملية التنفيذ أو من خالل األنشطة األكادميية يف اجلامعة. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat Implementasi Kurikulum Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Berbasis Moderasi Beragama di Institut Agama Islam Negeri se-Sulawesi Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan cara observasi, yaitu teknik observasi partisipan demi mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang lebih akurat dilapangan; wawancara, yaitu wawancara langsung kepada para ketua dan sekretaris program studi, para dosen serta mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan bahasa Arab; dan dokumentasi, baik berupa dokumen arsip kurikulum, arsip Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) maupun yang bersifat literer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab berbasis Moderasi Beragama diimplementasikn dengan sangat memperhatikan penanaman nilai-nilai moderasi beragama, yang dapat dilihat pada prose perencanaan pelaksanaan kurikulum, pelaksanaan kurikulum serta evaluasi pelaksanaan kurikulum, baik nilai moderasi beragama tersebut tersurat didalam kurikulum ataupun tersirat melalui proses implementasinya ataupun melalui kegiatan-kegiatan akademik kampus.

In this work, we developed an environmental friendly extraction method to enhance ferulic acid yields and antioxidant activity of I. javanica flowers using Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method and Deep Eutectic Solvents as green solvent. To optimize the extraction method, response surface method analysis using Box Behnken designs were conducted. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for ferulic acid yields, DPPH scavenging capacity, ABTS scavenging capacity and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power featured an extraction time of 40 min, 25% water content, and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/27 g/mL. In this study, a rapid and simple analytical method was also validated for the quantification of ferulic acid in I. javanica flower extract using LC-UV method. The developed method was carried out under following condition: isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/formic acid pH 2.55 (30:70), a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, detection at 321 nm, and C-18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The ferulic acid and antioxidant activity of the extract obtained from the developed were higher than ethanolic extract under same extraction condition. In summary, the results of this study can provide more effective and efficient extraction method by applying the green extraction principle and be recommended to provide new potential antioxidant raw material.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh supervisi kepala sekolah dan Komitmen Guru baik secara parsial maupun secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru SDN di kecamatan Bangko Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Fenomena yang terjadi adalah Kemampuan guru mengembangkan silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) tidak maksimal, sehingga menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang kurang menarik. Kemampuan dalam pengelolaan kelas masih kurang, sehingga belum tercipta suasana kondusif dikelas dan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Guru belum maksimal dalam memanfaatkan media sehingga hasil dalam menyalurkan pesan (materi pelajaran) kepada siswa tidak maksimal, Selain itu guru tidak memvariasikan metode pembelajaran, sehingga terjadi kejenuhan dalam diri siswa saat kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuisioner yang diberikan kepada 112 orang guru yang dipilih secara acak sebagai sampel menggunakan metode sensus sampling. Penelitian dilakukan yaitu responden memberikan tanggapan terhadap kuesioner dalam bentuk skala likert. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda dan pengolahan data menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial Supervisi Kepala Sekolah berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Guru. Ini berarti bahwa supervisi kepala sekolah merupakan variabel penting untuk diperhatikan agar kinerja guru bisa meningkat. Begitu juga dengan komitmen guru secara sendiri (parsial) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru. semakin tinggi komitmen guru akan menunjang kinerja guru yang lebih baik. Supervisi kepala sekolah dan pengembangan karier secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kecamatan Bangko Kabupaten Rokan Hilir.

The problem of this research is inappropriate moral behavior that occurs in schools such as: the child doesn’t want to greet the teacher, doesn’t want to share, and still likes to annoy friens. The purpose of this study is to see an overview of instilling religious and moral values into children through the storytelling method of the prophet’s story. This study uses qualitative methods by using data triangulation, with the research subject of group B children in PAUD Miftahul Jannah Rawamerta Karawang. The result of this research is the inculcation of moral values which is carried out through storytelling activities, children’s insight becomes broad, can be motivated, able to distinguish good and bad, able to tell the contents contained in fairy tales, and can answer teacher question, so that chidren’s behavior of children after listening to fairy tales becomes moral and virtuous. Keywords: storytelling method: moral values: early childhood. References Al- Samadi,M.M.F& Alia, P. 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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing plant extracts has been widely optimized these days because of its eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective manner. This present study was performed to evaluate the scale-up trial on synthesis parameter and centrifugation duration of Plantago major L. leaf ethanolic extract in the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Leaf extract concentration of 0.25%, 70 °C of temperature, 60 min of synthesis time, and 30 min of centrifugation time were concluded as the optimized scale-up condition of green synthesis. The scale-up trial resulted in spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size 12.2±5.11 nm, proven from various spectroscopic (UV–Vis, EDS, FTIR), microscopic observations (SEM, FE-TEM), and other observations (SAED, DLS, XRD). The synthesized Ag NPs also exhibit promising antibacterial activity against several tested bacteria at 20 μg mL−1 of dosage. This study offers nine times higher yield of the synthesized Ag NPs (107.2±6.82 mg) at about the same making time of smaller scale of green synthesis. Sufficient nanoparticles will provide flexibility to carry out its characterization in an efficient manner and further bioactivity test and/or formulation experiments, such as in cosmetics, medical ointments, and other pharmaceutical products.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial menggunakan teori Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 orang siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Bangun Purba. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tertulis. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah soal tes berbasis kemampuan penyelesaian masalah matematis materi aritmatika sosial. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa 4 soal berbentuk uraian yang telah teruji validitas, reabilitas, daya pembeda, serta indeks kesukarannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang paling banyak dilakukan siswa adalah kesalahan menyimpulkan jawaban akhir (encoding error). Hal ini terjadi ketika siswa tidak membuat kesimpulan walaupun sudah mendapatkan jawaban. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh persentase kesalahan membaca 12,00%, kesalahan memahami 19,33%, kesalahan transformasi 23,33%, kesalahan keterampilan proses 18,67%, dan kesalahan jawaban akhir 26,67%. Penyebab kesalahan yang terjadi diantaranya siswa tidak dapat menggunakan rumus yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan soal, ceroboh dalam melakukan perhitungan dan siswa tidak membuat kesimpulan pada akhir jawaban.

Context: Curcuma longa (turmeric) is extensively cultivated as spices and herbal medicines in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Geographical origin is known to significantly determine the quality of the herbs used and, consequently, the safety and efficacy of their products. Aims: To validate and develop TLC-fingerprint combined with chemometrics to differentiate C. longa collected from various origins. Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed together with chemometric methods, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of C. longa rhizomes collected from nine origins in Indonesia. Results: Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethanol (64:64:1) were a suitable mobile phase for C. longa. The method used met the requirements for a stable and precise TLC system. As analyzed by the chemometric techniques, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate C. longa from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished two clusters of simples. Conclusions: When combined with PCA and CA, TLC-fingerprinting can discern the rhizomes of C. longa sourcedfrom various locations. TLC-fingerprints that are analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative marker-oriented method for evaluating the quality of C. longa.

Phyllanthus niruri (Indonesian: meniran) is a crude drug used in scientific jamu for hyperuricemia, mild hypertension, osteoarthritis, hemorrhoids, and hypercholesterolemia. This plant contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenes, coumarins, lignans, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, etc. Phyllanthus niruri is a wild plant growing in the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia, America, and China. This herb grows well from the lowlands to the highlands, such as bushes, terrain, yards, roadsides, gardens, and rivers. The levels of active compounds in a plant can vary depending on many factors, such as growing location, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and others. This research aimed to evaluate and differentiate P. niruri herbs according to their geographical location using FTIR fingerprint coupled with chemometrics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results of this study showed that 14 samples of P. niruri are classified into two groups. The first group consists of P. niruri powder originating from Tawangmangu, Kediri, Surabaya, Bangkalan, Gresik, Mojokerto, Kertosono, Krian, Blitar, Nganjuk, unknown 1, unknown 2, and unknown 3, whereas the second group consists of only one sample from Pasuruan. In conclusion, FTIR fingerprint analyzed with chemometrics is adequate to differentiate the powder of P. niruri collected from different locations. FTIR fingerprints combined with chemometrics can be further considered as a method in the quality control process of P. niruri.

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside widely spread in the families Cornaceae, Garryaceae, Orobanchaceae, Globulariaceae, Eucommiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Rubiaceae. This review is intended to provide data on the physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, and biological activities of aucubin and its producing plants. Aucubin is unstable and can be deglycosylated into its aglycone, aucubigenin. Various chromatographic methods (column chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography) have been used together to isolate aucubin, mainly with the stationary phase C-18 and the mobile phase water–methanol solution made in gradients. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that aucubin has a wide range of activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic and antidepressant, antidiabetic, antifibrotic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, retinoprotective, neuroprotective, osteoprotective, and renoprotective. Even though aucubin has been extensively investigated, further research in humans is urgently needed primarily to substantiate the clinical evidence. Moreover, extensive studies on its drug delivery systems will help maximize efficacy and minimize side effects.

Healminth infection is one of the environmentally-based diseases which is a problem for public health. This research was conducted to know the description of latrines, trash bins, and clean water victims for people with healminth infection in the working area of the Kanjilo Health Center. This research uses quantitative research methods with a descriptive survey approach. The research sample was 32 samples. The data used are preliminary data from the medical records of the Kanjilo Health Center, Gowa Regency, while the data source used is secondary data. Data analysis using data processing research with SPSS. With a frequency distribution approach. The results showed that the worms that occurred were in a bad category, including 8 respondents who vomited worms and 24 who suffered from healminth infection. The results of this study found that both the availability of latrines, the availability of clean water and landfills, were all in the bad category, causing worms and vomiting in the community in the working area of the Kanjilo Health Center.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran interaktif yang layak digunakan untuk mengenalkan berbagai macam binatang pada materi tema binatang pada anak taman kanak-kanak kelompok A. Untuk melihat kelayakan dari penelitian ini ditinjau dari tiga aspek antara lain: aspek edukatif, estetika, dan teknis. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadaptasi dan memodifikasi langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan Brog Gall. Dalam penelitian ini pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket atau kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data diolah menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi memperoleh penilaian rata-rata skor 4,25 dengan kriteria sangat baik, adapun penilaian dari ahli media memperoleh rata-rata skor 4,42 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Penilaian dari guru kelompok A memperoleh nilai 100%, sedangkan uji coba lapangan awal dengan kelompok kecil memperoleh penilaian sebesar 97,22% dengan kriteria layak, hasil uji coba lapangan dengan kelompok besar memperoleh penilaian sebesar 92,15% dengan kriteria layak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan media pembelajaran interaktif “Dunia Binatang” layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif untuk mengenalkan berbagai macam binatang pada anak taman kanak-kanak. Abstract This study aims to produce interactive learning media products that are feasible to use to introduce various animals in animal theme material in group A kindergarten children. To see this research's feasibility in three aspects, including educational, aesthetic, and technical aspects. The development model used in this study adapted and modified the steps of the research and development of Brog and Gall. In this study, data collection using observation, interviews, questionnaires or questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was processed using quantitative descriptive. The material experts' validation obtained an average rating of 4.25 with perfect criteria, while the assessment of the media experts obtained an average score of 4.42 with excellent standards. The evaluation of the group A teacher scored 100%. In comparison, the initial field trials with the small group received an estimate of 97.22% with the eligibility criteria. The field trials results with the large group received an assessment of 92.15% with the eligibility criteria. So it can be concluded that overall the interactive learning media "Animal World" is suitable to be used as an interactive learning media to introduce various animals to kindergartens.

Saintifikasi Jamu, or the scientific investigation of Jamu, is an evidence-based process to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine through health service research. Jamu has been empirically explored as a composition of various crude drugs, hence called as Scientific Jamu. Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis are two of the 30 medicinal plants processed into Scientific Jamu. Components of the Scientific Jamu are standardized to ensure that these materials meet the predefined quality. This study was aimed to determine the specific parameters (macroscopic, microscopic, total flavonoid content, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content) and non-specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content) of Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis collected from Batu, Tawangmangu, and Bogor. The methods of the determination referred to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st Edition (2008). The results showed that Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis from the three places did not meet the standard requirement.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kearifan lokal dalam bahan ajar tanpa harus menghilangkan substansi materi yang menjadi tujuan kurikulum. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Research and Development Model 4 D yakni Define, Design, Development and Dissemination. Sedangkan instrumen atau alat pengumpulan datanya adalah, dokumentasi dan angket validasi untuk kelayakan buku pendamping yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya 8 buah buku pendamping untuk pembelajaran tematik berbasis kearifan lokal daerah Kalimantan barat untuk Kelas III, dengan 4 aspek penilaian yang meliputi penilaian terhadap aspek isi materi rata aspek penilaiannya 4.68 setara dengan 93.75 % (Valid/ Layak digunakan), aspek kelayakan penyajian materi pelajaran yang sesuai dengan buku pembelajaran tematik kemendiknas tahun 2018 rata-rata penilaian 4.76 setara dengan 95 % ( Valid/Layak untuk digunakan). aspek kelayakan tampilan desain buku pada pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal diperoleh nilai rata-rata 4.8 setara dengan 96.7 % (Valid/ Layak untuk digunakan), aspek kelayakan bahasa yang digunakan pada pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal diperoleh nilai rata-rata 4.64 setara dengan 96.7 % (Valid / layak untuk digunakan).

Lime, tomato, and carrot are natural ingredients widely used both as food and herbal medicines particularly because these plants contain various antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Since these materials are easily damaged when exposed to high temperatures, any processing methods that involve slight quality changes in the final product are favorable. This study aimed to formulate lime, tomato, and carrot into functional beverages using foam-mat drying method. Lime juice combined with either tomato paste or carrot juice was mixed with egg white and methylcellulose as foaming agents, then whipped using a mixer for 10 minutes to form a stable foam. The foam was placed in a stainless tray, flattened, and dried in an oven at 60°C for 5 hours. Once dried, the mass was scraped using a spatula, and the resultant dry powder was then evaluated for its physical characteristics and antioxidant activities using nitrite oxide (NO) method. The produced dry mass of lime, lime-tomato (1:1), and lime-carrot (1:1) had organoleptic characteristics, water content, sugar content, and food additives content in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Also, with the IC50 values of 4248, 4931, and 4218 µg/ml, the lime juice and its combination with tomatoes (1:1) and carrots (1:1) can be formulated into functional powder drinks that comply with the SNI quality requirements. Lime-carrot is a better combination than lime-tomato.

Biobriket merupakan bahan bakar padat yang merupakan alternatif pengganti minyak tanah dan gas yang mempunyai kelayakan teknis untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar rumah tangga, industri kecil ataupun menengah. Biobriket juga mempunyai keuntungan ekonomis karena dapat diproduksi secara sederhana, memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi. Biobriket yang dibuat berasal campuran antara bottom ash batubara dan onggok tepung tapioka. Ketersediaan bottom ash batubara onggok tepung tapioka cukup banyak di Kalimantan Selatan. Bottom ash merupakan sisa hasil pembakaran batubara di PLTU yang saat ini belum banyak di manfaatkan dan hanya dibuang sebagai limbah. Padahal bottom ash batubara ini masih mempunyai nilai kalori yang cukup tinggi sedangkan onggok merupakan ampas dari hasil pembuatan tepung tapioka yang juga belum di manfaatan secara maksimal.Permasalahan yang sering di jumpai dalam penggunaan biobriket bottom ash batubara sebagai bahan bakar energi adalah lamanya penyalaan, bau yang tidak sedap pada saat di bakar, daya rekat briket yang tidak bagus sehingga briket mudah pecah. Tujuan dari penelitian mengetahui komposisi terbaik biobriket berdasarkan komposisi campuran, ukuran partikel dan parameter kualitas bottom ash batubara. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan uji laboratorium. Parameter uji laboratorium yang digunakan adalah karakteristik biobriket yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar volatile matter, nilai kalor, waktu pembakaran dengan variasi komposisi bahan baku dan binder. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa biobriketcampuranbottom ash batubara onggok tepung tapioka layak untuk di jadikan biobriket sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.Kualitas biobriket paling baik adalah biobriket dengan campuran 70% bottom ash, 20% onggok tepung tapioka dan 10% getah damar dengan hasil analisa Inherent Moisture 14,15%, Ash 8,34%, Volatile Matter 34,89%, Kalori 5401,6 Kkal/kg serta durasi pembakaran 47 Menit 17 Detik.

In this study, an environmentally friendly extraction method for flavonoid compound from Ixora javanica, as a new raw material candidate for herbal medicine and cosmetics, was developed. The objectives of the present work were to provide recommendations for the optimal extraction conditions and to investigate the effects of any extraction parameters on flavonoid yields from the I. javanica flower. The extraction process was performed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) (choline chloride and propylene glycol at molar ratio of 1 : 1) and the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Both single-factor and response surface analyses using three-level and three-factor Box Behnken designs were conducted to obtain the optimum flavonoid concentrations. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for total flavonoids featured an extraction time of 40 min, 25% water content in DES and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 25 g ml−1. An extract obtained under optimum extraction conditions showed higher total flavonoid yields than an ethanolic extract which was used for comparison. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that both of the solvents also showed different effects on the outer surface of the I. javanica flower during the extraction process. In summary, our work succeeded in determining the optimum conditions for total flavonoids in the I. javanica flower using a green extraction method.

Chinese clan associations can be found in many parts of the world, due to the Chinese emigration from mainland China in the 1800s. This paper contextualises the study of Chinese clan associations within the Asian approach to cultural heritage preservation. In particular, it takes the case of Cantonese clan associations, a dialect group of the Chinese, whose clan associations have been studied less extensively in comparison to other dialects such as Hokkien and Hakka. The case study used is the Chan See Shu Yuen Clan Association Kuala Lumpur & Selangor (CSSY), which was originally set up by a founder of Cantonese origin, and now operates as a cultural centre as well as a tourist attraction in a strategic location in Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur. Fieldwork consisted of participant observation which included photography, videography, and focus group discussions with the clan association’s board of trustees; and a content analysis of documents such as its yearbook, brochures, and the association’s website. We identified the condition of transnationalism as outlined by Vertovec (1997), in which the clan association had undergone an evolution of its original functions and therefore remained relevant.

1. Introduction: Pencak silat has a variety of techniques that must be mastered by fighters, especially fighters who will compete in the match category. The technique consists of three basic techniques, namely attack techniques (kicks, punches, elbows), defenses (defiance and avoidance), and falling/ dropping techniques (Widiyanto and Hariono, 2015, p.26). The techniques used in pencak silat matches have different point; among these techniques which have the highest point are falling techniques to knock down opponents with a catch, better known as dropping. 2. Aim of the study: This study is intended to develop a training model of pencak silat dropping technique for the adolescent match category. 3. Material and methods: This development research is based on the model carried out by Borg & Gall that was modified by Sugiyono into two stages, namely the pre-development and development stages. The instruments used in this research were interviews, questionnaires, observation, and Kinovea software. 4. Result: The small-scale trial participants consisted of 10 PPLP (Student Training Education Center) athletes from Yogyakarta. The large-scale trial participants were 15 teenage athletes joined the Yogyakarta Special Talented Athletes Development (PAB). The results showed 6 types of dropping techniques that have been concluded to be feasible and effective to use by experts based on bio-mechanical analysis. 5. Conclusions: The assessment results from material experts, trainers, and biomechanics on the training model developed through 2 (two) trials and carried out a semi-experimental effectiveness test, where experts gave an assessment of the model through a value scale of more than 80%. This means that the training model is worthy of being used and declared effective as a training model for pencak silat dropping techniques for youth athletes.

Islamic boarding schools play a significant role to run the best education to dig up knowledge for young generation. The integration of the national curriculum into Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) has become a serious concern in education system in Indonesia. Language teaching methods took a part to facilitate the language teaching and learning. This study discusses mangaji tudang method conducted in Ma’had Aly As'adiyah, Sengkang. This qualitative study discusses the method used by teachers in the Nahwu learning process. The data were collected through interview, observation, literature review and documentary. The data were analysed through coding process. The results of the study show that Mangaji Tudang carried out in Ma'had Aly As'adiyah Sengkang is a tradition of Islamic Boarding School learning models that integrates Islamic studies and Arabic language skills focusing on the integration of reading, listening, and writing skills. The most significant outcomes of the method are reading skills and mufradat (vocabulary) mastery.

This study aims to determine the type and potency of egg parasitoid in controlling brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) pests in Banyumas regency after the pest’s explosion. This research has been conducted in five districts of the endemic area of brown planthopper in Banyumas Regency, i.e. in Jatilawang, Cilongok, Kebasen, Sumpiuh, and Kembaran. Each of the districts was taken 5 sample villages. The testing and calculation of the level of parasitization were done in the laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. The research used nest plot design, where the first factor was the district and the second factor was the village. Village nested in district. The data were analyzed using F 5% test, followed by 5% DMRT, if there were any differences found . The results of the study were as follows: (1) The parasitoids found in Banyumas Regency were Gonatocerus sp. and Oligosita sp. with the ability to parasite 26.8−64.73%, and 1.82−31.40%; (2) the presence parasitoid has the potency to suppress the intensity of brown planthopper attack on the vegetative phase, the intensity of attacks ranged between 6.96−23.58%, with brown planthopper population ranged from 0.84 to 27.36 individuals per hill. Intisari Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan potensi parasitoid telur dalam mengendalikan hama wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) di Kabupaten Banyumas pasca terjadinya ledakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lima kecamatan daerah endemik wereng batang cokelat di wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas yaitu Kecamatan Jatilawang, Cilongok, Kebasen, Sumpiuh, Kembaran. Masing-masing kecamatan diambil 5 desa sampel. Pengujian dan penghitungan tingkat pemarasitan dilakukan di laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang, dengan kecamatan sebagai faktor pertama dan desa sebagai faktor kedua. Desa tersarang pada kecamatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F 5%, apabila ada perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji banding ganda DMRT 5 %. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Parasitoid yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Banyumas adalah Gonatocerus sp. dan Oligosita sp. dengan kemampuan memarasit 26,8−64,73%, dan sebesar 1,82−31,40 %, (2) keberadaan parasitoid berpotensi menekan intensitas serangan hama wereng batang cokelat pada fase vegetatif, intensitas serangan berkisar antara 6,96−23,58%, dengan populasi wereng batang cokelat berkisar 0,84−27,36 individu per rumpun.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Perencanaan pembelajaran tematik (2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik, dan (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran tematik di PAUD Kabupaten Melawi. Teknik pegumpulan data digunakan dengan berbagai setting alamiah yaitu di lembaga dengan pengelola, pendidik, dan peserta didik PAUD di Melawi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian meliputi; observasi, wawancara, dan triangulasi. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian melalui keabsahan data dan pemeriksaan, pemeriksaan data dalam penelitian mengikuti kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan yaitu; Kepercayaan (credibility), Keteralihan (transferability), Kebergantungan (depandability), dan Kepastian (confirmability). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa PAUD di Kabupaten Melawi mengimplemntasikan pembelajaran tematik sudah cukup baik.Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran (Porta, Porsem, RPPM dan RPPH), selain itu penerapan pembelajaran tematik sudah sesusi dengan rinsip-prinsip tematik. Implementation thematic learning early childhood education Abstract The purpose of this research is (1) planning thematic learning (2) implementation of thematic learning, and (3) evaluation of thematic learning in Early Age Education Center Melawi. Data collection techniques are used with a variety of natural settings i.e. in institutions with managers, educators, and learners of Early Age Education Center in Melawi. Data collection techniques in the research include; observation, interview, and triangulation. Analysis techniques in the research through the validity of data and examination, the examination of the data in the study follow the criteria already set namely; Trust (credibility), transfer (transferability), Reliance (dependability), and Assurance (conformability). The result of this research is theEarly Age Education Center and implementing thematic Study is already good enough.This can be seen in the preparation of learning devices (Porta, Porsem, RPPM and RPPH), besides that, the application of thematic learning has been consistent with thematic principles.

This research purposes were to prove the hypothesis consisted of: (1) EVA which hada positive correlation to the stock return, (2) MVA which had a positive correlation to the stockreturn. This research used regression analysis to find how much the contribution of theindependent variable in influencing the stock return was. Data used in this research was asecondary data provided by Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) since 2005 until 2006. The type ofdata analyze was manufacturing companies sub consumers goods, from 2005 to 2006. Theconclusion of this research was that EVA and MVA did not significantly influence the stockreturn. This was proved by the evidence of the Fstatistic which was lower than the Ftable(1,0750.05). EVA did not positively correlateto the stock return. It was proved by the significances of 0,695 higher than 0.05 (p>0,05). MVAdid not positively correlate to the stock return. It was proved by the significances of 0,238higher than 0.05 (p>0,05).

Studi ini menelaah komitmen kepala sekolah dalam mengimplementasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di SMP Negeri 3 Palopo, Kota Palopo. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komitmen kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam hal perencanaan, pengorganisasian, supervise, dan pengawasan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan guru di SMP Negeri 3 Palopo sebanyak 20 orang guru. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik angket dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis dengan rata-rata. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa komitmen kepemimpinn kepala sekolah mampu terlaksanakan. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh penilaian guru yang cenderung baik. Begitu pula dengan kemampuan pengorganisasian, kemampuan supervise, dan kemampuan pengawasan yang seluruhnya mampu dilaksanakan dengan baik, berdasarkan penilaian guru.

Students' ability in Indonesia has decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so the Government provides solutions to restore learning in Indonesia through a Merdeka curriculum. The impact on schools, especially mathematics subjects, decreased mathematical problem-solving abilities. The decreasing ability of students to solve problems requires a test instrument based on the SOLO taxonomy. The formative research model is the type of this research. The stages in the model are preliminary and formative evaluation. Stages such as self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field tests are the stages in formative evaluation. Based on the validation results of the four validators, the average score of the material aspect validation results is 94% with a very valid category, the average score for the constructed aspect is 87% with a very valid category, the average score for the language aspect is 92% with a very valid category, and the average score of all aspects is 91% with a very valid category so that the test instrument developed is categorized as very valid. The trial subjects in this study were conducted at SMAN 15 Pekanbaru, SMAN 12 Pekanbaru, MAN 3 Pekanbaru and SMA Plus Pekanbaru. Quantitative data is used as data analysis in this study. The research results that have been carried out from 20 questions, obtained from as many as 18 questions based on the SOLO taxonomy, have been tested and declared valid and reliable with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.871.

Angka kesakitan pada pemulung tinggi, namun jarang terdeteksi dan tidak ada laporan dari pemulung karena rendahnya kemampuan terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama memulung dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri terhadap kejadian penyakit pada pemulung.Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain crossectional menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Sampel dalam penelitian ini seluruh pemulung yang terdata di TPA Gampoeng Jawa Kota Banda Aceh sebanyak 57 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan lama bekerja sebagai pemulung dengan kejadian penyakit pada pemulung di TPA Gampoeng Jawa Kota Banda Aceh dengan nilai p = 0,02. Tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan APD oleh pemulung dengan kejadian penyakit pada pemulung di TPA Gampoeng Jawa Kota Banda Aceh dengan nilai p = 0,77.Perlu adanya pembinaan terhadap pemulung dari pihak terkait untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan personal higyene pemulung dan membiasakan untuk pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor demografi, personality traits dan overconfidence pada Investor saham di Yogyakarta. Faktor demografis yang digunakan berupa jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan dan lama investasi sedangkan personality traits menggunakan the big five personality. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar kepada 100 orang investor yang dipilih secara random. Sebanyak 87 kuesioner digunakan, sedangkan 13 lainnya didiskualifikasi karena jawaban kuesioner yang tidak lengkap. Data diolah menggunakan SPPS dengan alat ukur Chi Square dan Pearson Correlation. Hasil dari penelitian menemukan bahwa semua faktor demografi yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan lama investasi tidak berhubungan dengan overconfidence. Hasil lain menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif antara conscientiousness dengan overconfidence. Sedangkan extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism dan openness to experience tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan overconfidence.AbstractThis study aims to determine the relationship between demographic factors, personality traits, and overconfidence with stock investors in Yogyakarta. Demographic factors used are gender, age, education and time frame of holding, while the big five personality was used as a proxy of personality traits. This study used a questionnaire distributed to 100 randomly selected investors. A total of 87 questionnaires were used, while the other 13 were disqualified because of incomplete answers to the questionnaire. The data were processed using chi square and Pearson correlation. The results of the study found that all the demographic factors (age, gender, education and time frame holding had no association with overconfidence. Other results showed a positive relationship between conscientiousness with overconfidence. Whereas extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness to experience were not related to overconfidence.

Background: Prenatal care is one way to prevent complications of pregnancy, and educational approach is the best approach to improve the knowledge of mothers about prenatal care. Aim: This study aimed to determine the influence of education on knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pregnancy care in Kendari, Indonesia Methods: This was Quasi Experimental study with pre-post design. There were 4 groups involved in this study, which were: 1) The group that received educational intervention using a modification module from the MHC book of the Department of Health, 2) The group that received educational intervention using MHC book of the Department of Health, 3) The group that only used modification modules from MHC book of the Department of Health, and 4) The group that only used the MHC book of Department of Health. The intervention was given for 6 months. Seventy eight of 4-months pregnant women were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by asking the respondents to fulfill the questionnaires, which adopted from the questionnaire of Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University to measure knowledge (15 items), attitude (18 items), and behaviors (15 items) of respondents. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Results showed thre was an influence of education on knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pregnancy care. Improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of pregnancy care was higher in the group of pregnant women using a modification module Conclusion: Education through the class of pregnant woman has an impact to increase knowledge, attitude, and behavior of care of pregnant woman. It is therefore the efforts to maintain educational approach is necessary.

Background: Energy metabolism speeds up during pregnancy that requires pregnant women to have extra amount of nutritions. Provision of education on nutrition during pregnancy is an effort to prevent and tackle malnutrition. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of education using modification module towards nutritional intake during pregnancy in Kendari, Indonesia Methods: This was Quasi Experimental study with pre-post design. There were 4 groups in this study, which were: 1) The group that received educational intervention using a modification module from the MHC book of the Department of Health, 2) The group that received educational intervention using MHC book of the Department of Health, 3) The group that only used modification modules from MHC book of the Department of Health, and 4) The group that only used the MHC book of Department of Health. The intervention was given for 6 months. Seventy eight of 4-months pregnant women were selected in this study. Data were collected by using 24 hours food recall instrument, and questionnaire adopted from Child and Maternal Nutrition Survey's Questionnaire of Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Results showed there was an effect of education by using the module modifications to the intake of nutritions during pregnancy. Increased nutrient intake was higher in pregnant women using a module class modifications. Conclusion: Education affects nutritional intake of pregnant women. Changes in nutritional intake was higher in group 1 (education modules with modifications), compared with the education group MCH handbook. It is suggested that mothers should improve the nutrition during pregnancy for the better growth of the fetus, composition and metabolic changes in the mother's body.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) telah digunakan dalam penelitian tentang keperilakuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa perilaku tidak sepenuhnya di bawah pengaruh dari individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh (1) sikap terhadap perilaku, (2) norma subjektif, (3) kontrol perilaku persepsian, dan (4) kesiapan untuk berubah terhadap niat untuk mengimplementasikan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntasi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kepala dinas dan kepala bidang di Dinas Pendapatan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kota dan Kabupaten seluruh Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, dan readiness for change mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat, sementara itu perceived behavioral control tidak mengindikasikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat. Kata kunci: Theory of planned behavior, readiness for change, niat.

Salah satu kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap penggunaan Napza adalah kelompok remaja, Mereka sangat rentan dengan penggunaan Napza inhalansia yang relatif murah dan mudah di dapat yaitu lem. Ngelem merupakan penggunaan Napza jenis lem dengan cara dihirup hingga kondisi tertentu dan berpotensi amat kuat untuk menimbulkan ketergantungan bagi pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai perilaku penggunaan Napza Inhalansia(ngelem) pada remaja di Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif denganrancangan fenomenologi. Informan dipilih dengan teknik snowball sampling, Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, melakukan observasi langsung dan focus group discussion (FGD) kepada enam informan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih rinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kerentanan individu seorang remaja menggunakan lem karena ingin memuaskan rasa ingin tahu (curiousity), untuk menghilangkan rasa capek dan stress dan membuat informan tidak merasakan lapar ketika seharian di jalanan, dan sebagai subtitusi ketika tidak mendapatkan Napza jenis shabu(simultaneous polydrug use). Kerentanan sosial seorang anak sehingga memilih keluar dari rumah terdiri dari beberapa faktor, yaitu kesulitan keuangan atau tekanan kemiskinan, ingin mencari kesenangan diluar rumah, serta ketidak harmonisan dalam rumah tangga/orang tua. Untuk upaya pencegahan perilaku “ngelem” hendaknya dilakukan mulai dari usia dini mengenai dampak dari perilaku “ngelem” dan diharapkan kepada orang tua (keluarga) untuk mengarahkan anak-anaknya dalam memilih teman-teman bergaul.

Pontianak Malay’s society is not only limited to the Malay ethnic group who lives near the Kapuas River, but they also have a tradition that is created from the habit and Islamic learning. This paper is initiated by the study that has been conducted by the researchers in 2016 implementing qualitative descriptive method. The data collection tools consist of observation, documentation and interview. The reason for choosing this method is to discover and reveal the meaning or the ideology of the symbols contained in the corak insang weave. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded as the first conclusion that the process to make corak insang weave needs sufficient time about one week. Corak insang weave can be formed in the manufacture of other woven fabrics, through the patches weave method, songket and bundle weave. The second conclusion shows that it is unfounded that a lot of physical evidence and historical documents or from sources are related to the meanings contained in Pontianak corak insang weave motive.

This research aimed to test influence of the Ownership Structure, Profitability, Assetgrowth, and Size measure of firm to Capital Structure. This Research was limited onlymanufacturing company which had gone public in Jakarta Stock Exchange. This research wasconducted by taking secondary data. Population in this research was manufacturing companyobtained from share which was listed and “go public” in Jakarta Stock Exchange period 2002-2005. The intake technique was random sampling, and the obtained data was 38 companies.Result of analysis or T test in this research indicated that the ownership structure, asset growth,and size of company were significant or accepted. Only unprovable profitability was refused.While result F test showed that independent variable had an effect on the significance toCapital Structure of company in significance level 5%, and variable of size of company insignificance level 10%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan kreativitas anak usia dini pada pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah menggunaka media plastisin, (2) perbedaan kreativitas antara kelompok anak yang diajarkan dengan media plastisin dan media balok di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 5 Mataram. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Teknik observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui kreativitas anak. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan kreativitas anak usia dini pada pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media plastisin. (2) ada perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai kreativitas anak antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Perolehan mean kreativitas eksperimen lebih besar dari pada mean kelompok kontrol yaitu 37,00 > 31,17. Hasil uji-t data posttest kemampuan kreativitas kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-tabel dengan derajat bebas (df) 34 dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 adalah sebesar 2,032. Nilai t- hitung 3,389 > t-tabel 2,032 dan nilai p-value 0,000< taraf signifikansi 0,05. Kata Kunci: penggunaan, media plastisin, kreativitas anak usia dini THE USE OF PLASTISIN MEDIA IN IMPROVING CHILDREN CREATIVITY Abstract This research aims to know: (1) there are the differences of early childhood creativity of learning before and after using Plastisin, (2) the differences of creativity in learning by using Plastisin and Block of children group at TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 5 Mataram. This research used quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The data collection technique used observation. Analysis data technique was done with T-test. The result of the research was (1) There are differences of early childhood creativities in learning before and after using plastisin media. (2) There are significance differences between creativities the experiment and control group. Creativity experiment mean was bigger than control group 37.00 > 31.17. The result of T-test data from post-test, the creativity ablity of control and experiment group showed that t-table with standard deviation (df) 34 with significance α = 0.05 was 2.032. t-count score 3.389>t-table 2.032 and p-value 0.000 < significance 0.05. Keywords: the use of, plastisin media, children creativity.