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This paper is part of a series of papers on differential geometry of $C^\infty $-ringed spaces. In this paper, we study vector fields and their flows on a class of singular spaces. Our class includes arbitrary subspaces of manifolds, as well as symplectic and contact quotients by actions of compact Lie groups. We show that vector fields (defined as derivations of the $C^\infty$-ring of global smooth functions) integrate to smooth flows., 16 pages

Expanding an idea of Raoul Bott, we propose a construction of canonical bases for unitary representations that comes from big torus actions on families of Bott-Samelson manifolds. The construction depends only on the choices of a maximal torus, a Borel subgroup ,and a reduced expression for the longest element of the Weyl group. It relies on a conjectural vanishing of higher cohomology of sheaves of holomorphic sections of certain line bundles on the total spaces of the families, hence the question mark in the title., 42 pages, 1 figure

We say that a subset of a symplectic manifold is symplectically (neighbourhood) excisable if its complement is symplectomorphic to the ambient manifold, (through a symplectomorphism that can be chosen to be the identity outside an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of the subset). We use time-independent Hamiltonian flows, and their iterations, to show that certain properly embedded subsets of noncompact symplectic manifolds are symplectically neighbourhood excisable: a ray, a "Cantor brush", a "box with a tail", and -- more generally -- epigraphs of lower semi-continuous functions; as well as a "ray with two horns", and -- more generally -- open-rooted finite trees., 28 pages, 4 figures

Differential calculus on Euclidean spaces has many generalisations. In particular, on a set $X$, a diffeological structure is given by maps from open subsets of Euclidean spaces to $X$, a differential structure is given by maps from $X$ to $\mathbb{R}$, and a Fr\"{o}licher structure is given by maps from $\mathbb{R}$ to $X$ as well as maps from $X$ to $\mathbb{R}$. We illustrate the relations between these structures through examples., Comment: 37 pages; v2 has more examples, results on underlying topologies, and an appendix summarizing relationships with other smooth structures

Given a symplectic manifold, we ask in how many different ways can a torus act on it. Classification theorems in equivariant symplectic geometry can sometimes tell that two Hamiltonian torus actions are inequivalent, but often they do not tell whether the underlying symplectic manifolds are (non-equivariantly) symplectomorphic. For two dimensional torus actions on closed symplectic four-manifolds, we reduce the counting question to combinatorics, by expressing the manifold as a symplectic blowup in a way that is compatible with all the torus actions simultaneously. For this we use the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves., 7 pages, 1 figure

A manifold obtained by k simultaneous symplectic blow-ups of CP^2 of equal sizes epsilon (where the size of CP^1 \subset CP^2 is one) admits an effective two dimensional torus action if k, 19 pages

We give an Euler Maclaurin formula with remainder for the sum of the values of a smooth function on the integral points in a simple integral polytope. This formula is proved by elementary methods., 25 pages. Also see our previous paper in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 100 no. 2 (2003), 426-433. Revision: added Euler Maclaurin formulas for symbols and for polynomials

We announce the following result and give several applications: A Hamiltonian $T$-space (for $T$ a torus) with isolated fixed points is cobordant to a disjoint union of weighted projective spaces which are constructed from its fixed point data. The applications concern the Duistermaat-Heckman formula, the topological Jeffrey-Kirwan localization theorem, and geometric quantization., 14 pages, AMS-LaTeX

We classify the periodic Hamiltonian flows on compact four dimensional symplectic manifolds up to isomorphism of Hamiltonian S^1 spaces. Additionally, we show that all these spaces are Kaehler, that every such space is obtained from a simple model by a sequence of symplectic blowups, and that if the fixed points are isolated then the space is a toric variety., 71 pages, LaTeX. The paper is essentially rewritten (following an excellent referee report): I clarified statements, simplified proofs, added missing details, and corrected a false proof of a true statement, which is currently in Appendix C