1. Simulation based Development of Industrial PERC Cell Production beyond 20.5% Efficiency
- Author
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Stefan Steckemetz, Kerstin Strauch, Torsten Weber, Alexander Fülle, Friedrich Lottspeich, Matthias Müller, Gerd Fischer, Roman Schiepe, Holger Neuhaus, Eric Schneiderloechner, Franziska Wolny, and Karl-Heinz Stegemann
- Subjects
Engineering ,Passivation ,passivated emitter and rear cell ,business.industry ,PERC solar cell ,Process (computing) ,Laser ,law.invention ,Maximum efficiency ,Stable process ,solar cell device simulation ,Energy(all) ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Production (economics) ,Wafer ,Process engineering ,business ,Simulation based - Abstract
In this work we present our approach to realize an industrial process that allows cell efficiencies up to and above 21%. Based on a loss analysis we systematically investigate the feasible options to improve the efficiency with device simulations and production experiments. Subsequently we perform sensitivity analyses particularly for various silicon wafer materials to ensure stable process capability. Our best prototype process with optimized front and rear side passivation and enhanced laser contact patterning has demonstrated a maximum efficiency of 20.9% with a very high V OC of 670 mV on high-lifetime mono material. We were able to assemble 60-cell based modules with more than 305Wp.
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