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This study investigates the prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of Flettner rotors through three deep learning models. Various numbers of Flettner rotors, arrangements, and spin ratios are employed to consider these effects in the dataset. For the training of deep learning models, a dataset of aerodynamic force coefficients and flow fields is generated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Three deep learning architectures (U-net, Encoder-Decoder, and Decoder models) are employed and trained to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of Flettner rotors. Three deep learning models are established through a training stage with a hyperparameter study and by altering the number of layers. The aerodynamic force coefficients and flow fields are predicted by established deep learning models and show small absolute errors compared to those from the CFD analysis. Moreover, predicted flow fields reflect the flow characteristics according to the difference of spin ratio and arrangement of Flettner rotors. In conclusion, the established deep learning models demonstrate rapid and robust predictions of aerodynamic force coefficients and flow fields for Flettner rotors under varying arrangements and spin ratios. Furthermore, a significant reduction in computational time is measured when comparing the analysis time of CFD simulations to the training and testing time of the deep learning models.

The article focuses on a study on the five-alpha reductase inhibitory effect and astringent activity of green apple rind (GAR) extracts on human keratinocytes and fibroblast cells. It states in the study 70 percent of the ethanol GAR extract showed highest antioxidant activity and tannin content. It mentions that the ethyl acetate fraction of the GAR extracts showed astringent activity, exhibited inhibitory effects on five-alpha reductase and induced collagen synthesis.

From the heartwood of Lindera glauca Blume three new diarylpropanoids have been isolated and identified, which were named lindeglaucol, lindeglaucone, and lindeglaucoside A. Chipped heartwood was extracted repeatedly with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH) at room temperature, and the concentrated methanolic extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and H2O. From the EtOAc fraction, three new diarylpropanoids and a known chalconoid were isolated through repeated column chromatography with silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by interpretation of extensive spectroscopic data such as nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, and infrared. In addition, a known chalconoid, cilicicone B, was isolated for the first time from the heartwood of L. glauca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tannins are a type of polyphenols found in several fruits such as grapes and berries, and nuts such as aronias and acorns. Both hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins are referred to as tannins. Among the hydrolyzable tannins, gallotannin has a strong antioxidative property and is known to protect the skin by inhibiting the precursors of elastolytic enzymes. However, its mechanism of protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) damage in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant and antiaging effect of gallotannin on UVB-irradiated human cells by studying its effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (EKRs/JNKs) signaling related to cell growth and differentiation/stress apoptosis. The results showed that gallotannin improved collagen synthesis, reduced metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in a dose-dependent manner, and downregulated MMP-1 levels through the ERK/JNK signaling pathway in UVB-irradiated human cells. Gallotannin also increased glutathione but did not increase transforming growth factor beta 1, which induces fibrosis. We propose that gallotannin is a novel agent for protection against UVB, and acts as an antiaging agent that can be used in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Unripe green apples contain condensed tannins at 10 times higher levels than ripe apples. Tannin not only has strong antioxidant activity, but also an astringent property. In this study, we investigated the effects of green apple rind (GAR) extracts in reducing facial pores and sebum secretion. Among the GAR extracts, the 70% ethanol GAR extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and tannin content. Hence, it was further fractionated with different solvents. Among these rind solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract (GAR-E) showed astringent activity. Additionally, it exhibited inhibitory effects on 5-α reductase, and induced type 1 collagen and involucrin synthesis. These results suggest that GAR-E can be applied in cosmetics to reduce facial pore size and sebum secretion.

Primary renal malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor of the kidney. It is clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from a renal cell carcinoma. Even following radical surgery, the tumor shows a strong predilection for local recurrence and the prognosis is generally poor. We report on a 32-year-old man with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the kidney who remained free of recurrence for 1 year after radical nephrectomy.