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Nowadays, data are the food for the digital world. The main rich sources for data generated by social networks such as Twitter, Face book, Instagram, and LinkedIn. The data generated from micro-blogging services are plays a vital role in business intelligence like product reviews, movie reviews, election results prediction by social media data analysis. Sentiment analysis (SA) is the key method of predicting netizens emotions behind the text expressed in social media. The main motto of this survey to give complete idea about tools and the techniques used in Sentiment Analysis and the relevant fields with brief details.

Renewable energy systems (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are critical components of current power systems for lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, combating climate change, and providing alternative energy sources. However, high initial costs and a lack of infrastructure, power storage, and power quality (PQ) are potential concerns for RESs and EVs in power systems. Among the numerous power quality (PQ) devices, the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) can compensate for voltage and current-related PQ difficulties, correct the power factor, and is well suited for coordinative operation and control with RESs uncertainty. The position, size, and dynamic VAr control of UPQC, on the other hand, are key influencing variables for enhancing the performance and PQ of electrical distribution systems (EDSs). This paper describes an upgraded UPQC configuration known as open-UPQC (UPQCO) for reducing PQ difficulties caused by the inclusion of PVs and EVs. Further, an efficient gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) is suggested to solve the multi-objective optimal allocation of the PV-UPQC-O issue with an emphasis on voltage quality, distribution losses, and voltage stability. Simulations were performed for various scenarios using a modified IEEE 33-bus test system. According to the comparison data, the PV-UPQC-O improved the feeder performance more effectively than the standard UPQC and UPQC-O. The proposed PV-UPQC-O results for total loss reduction of 76.15% when compared to base case without EV load penetration. On the other hand, it is around 76.52% reduction when compared to base case with EV load penetration. Furthermore, the proposed GOA outperforms the prairie dog optimization (PDO), pelican optimization algorithm (POA) and coati optimization algorithm (COA) in terms of global solution and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of Limonia acidissima. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and five Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) by agar well diffusion method. Methanol extract showed good antibacterial activity with the high inhibition zones while chloroform extract exhibited mild to moderate activity and hexane extract was found to be less active. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. The results of the present study suggest that leaves of Limonia acidissima can be used to treating infectious diseases caused by E. coli, P. vulgarisand S. pneumoniae.

In this paper, an improved variant of nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the pollination process of flowering plants called improved flower pollination algorithm (IFPA) is utilized for solving the optimal allocation of capacitor banks (CBs) and distribution-static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) problem considering electric vehicle (EV) load growth. In IFPA, a new double-direction learning strategy to advance local searching capacity, a novel dynamic switching probability method to balance global and local searching, and a new greedy technique to increase population diversity. A multi-objective function is formulated for minimizing the real power loss and installation cost of CBs/DSTATCOM. The search space of the multiple CBs/DSTATCOMs is primarily reduced using voltage stability index (VSI) and later the best locations and sizes of CBs/DSTATCOMs are determined by implementing IFPA. The proposed hybrid VSI-FPA approach is applied to solve the DSTATCOM allocation problem in standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution systems (RDS). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared with the similar types of heuristic approaches in the literature. The comparative results shown that the IFPA is outperformed than other algorithms by providing minimum losses, reduced installation cost, and consequently improved voltage profile as well as voltage stability irrespective of EV load growth via allocating the CBs/DSTATCOM optimally in the RDS. The basic network profited from CBs and DSTATCOMs by a loss reduction of 34.71% and 29.50%, respectively, according to the results. The loss, on the other hand, increases to 88.69 percent when the network is filled with 50% EV load. With CBs and DSTATCOMs, however, the higher losses are just 37.07% and 37.26%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating the continuous search for novel antimicrobial agents. Heterocyclic compounds have emerged as promising candidates due to their diverse structural properties and bioactivity. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of a series of bioactive heterocyclic compounds against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms.A library of heterocyclic compounds was synthesized using wellestablished organic synthesis techniques and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The compounds included various nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing heterocycles, each designed with specific structural features to target microbial pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed to assess the antimicrobial potency of these compounds against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungal strains. Our results demonstrate that several of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, with MIC values in the low microgram to milligram per milliliter range. Notably, certain compounds displayed broad-spectrum activity against both bacterial and fungal strains, suggesting their potential as multifunctional antimicrobial agents. Additionally, structure-activity relationship studies revealed key structural motifs responsible for enhanced antimicrobial activity. This study provides valuable insights into the design and development of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with significant antimicrobial potential. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance and hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents to address infectious diseases. Further investigations will focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action and in vivo efficacy of these promising compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the low-temperature fabrication process and the electrical response of n-type cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an Al2O3-GPTMS-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hybrid dielectric gate. The TFTs with bottom-gate structure were assembled on ITO (indium-tin-oxide)-coated glass substrates employing solution processes for the deposition of both the dielectric gate and semiconductor layers. The hybrid dielectric layers were deposited by the sol-gel process and subsequently annealed at 150 °C. The FTIR and XPS analysis of the hybrid films demonstrated a proper link between Al2O3 and PMMA through the cross-linking agent 3-glycidoxy(propyltrimethoxysilane) silane (GPTMS). The surface characteristics were obtained by contact angle and atomic force microscope studies, the results show that the surface of hybrid films displays a hydrophobic behavior with a smooth surface. The CdS active layer was deposited on the hybrid dielectric gate at room temperature by a simple photochemical bath deposition using a 313 nm UV lamp. The CdS-TFTs showed outstanding electrical performance with a low threshold voltage of 1.3 V, ION/IOFF of 104, subthreshold swing of 440 mV dec−1, and remarkable high mobility value of 64.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Ultimately, the feature of these completely solution-based CdS TFTs is the maximum processing temperature of 150 °C, and the findings of this study are very promising for potential low-cost solution-processed TFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the effects of ultra dry-air plasma surface treatments on the properties of Al2O3-GPTMS-PMMA hybrid dielectric layers for applications to high-performance amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). The hybrid layers were deposited by an easy dip coating sol-gel process at low temperature and then treated with dry-air plasma at 1, 2 and 3 consecutive cycles. Their properties were analyzed as a function of the number of plasma cycles and contrasted with those of the untreated ones. The dielectric characteristics of the hybrid layers were determined from I–V and C–f measurements performed on metal–insulator–metal and metal–insulator–semiconductor devices. The results show that the plasma treatments increase the surface energy and wettability of the hybrid films. There is also a reduction of the OH groups and oxygen vacancies in the hybrid network improving the dielectric properties. The incorporation of nitrogen into the hybrid films surface is also observed. The plasma-treated hybrid dielectric layers were applied as dielectric gate in the fabrication of a-IGZO TFTs. The best electrical performance of the fabricated TFTs was achieved with the 3 cycles plasma-treated hybrid dielectric gate, showing high mobility, 29.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, low threshold voltage, 2.9 V, high ION/OFF current ratio, 106, and low subthreshold swing of 0.42 V dec−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-processed photodetectors have emerged as the next generation of sensing technology owing to their ease of integration with electron devices and of tuning photodetector performance. Currently, novel self-powered photodetectors without an external power source, for use in sensing, imaging and communication, are in high demand. Herein, we successfully developed a self-powered photodetector based on a novel solution-processed p-NiO/n-CdS:Al heterojunction, which shows an excellent current rectification characteristic ratio of up to three orders in the dark and distinctive photovoltaic behavior under light illumination. The complete solution synthesis route followed the development of CdS:Al thin films on ITO substrates by chemical bath deposition and NiO thin films by the sol-gel route. Optical absorption data revealed that NiO is more active in the UV region and CdS:Al has a majority of absorption in the visible region; so, upon light illumination, the effective separation of photogenerated carriers produces fast photodetection in the UV–visible region. The photoresponsivity values of the fabricated device were calculated to be 55 mA W−1 and 30 mA W−1 for UV and visible illumination, respectively. Also, the device has a fast rise and decay photoresponse speed at zero bias voltage, due to the self-driven photovoltaic effect which makes this heterojunction a self-powered device. This complete solution and new method of fabrication make it possible to combine different materials and flexible substrates, enhancing its potential applications in photodetectors, optoelectronic devices and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most reports on photodetectors focus on improving the responsivity in one region of the electromagnetic spectrum by fabricating hybrid 2D materials, the main issue still remains unaddressed, which is the inability to absorb the wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most photodetectors comprise p–n heterojunctions, where one of the materials is responsible for absorbance, and having metal contacts of p and n type allows for the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. But for a broadband photodetector, both the materials of the heterojunction should participate in the absorbance. In such a case, metal contacts of p and n type will trap either the photogenerated electrons or holes, which leads to the failure of the device. In this work, discrete distribution of 1D V2O5 nanowires over 2D MoS2 and metal contacts on MoS2 combinedly enables the device to absorb from the ultraviolet to near infrared region (365 nm to 780 nm), wherein V2O5 is responsible for UV-visible absorption and MoS2 absorbs in the visible–NIR region. Furthermore, taking advantage of local heterojunctions of MoS2–V2O5 for the effective separation of photogenerated carriers enables efficient charge transfer, faster electron transfer rate and highly responsive photodetection. The responsivity of the fabricated device was calculated to be 41.5 mA W−1, 65.1 mA W−1 and 29.4 mA W−1 for UV, visible and NIR illumination, suggesting the device to be more responsive in the visible region and the device was found to be comparable with photodetectors fabricated using sophisticated cleanroom techniques. This method provides a new strategy for improving the absorbance range of photodetectors by the discrete distribution of 1D materials over 2D materials, which will find tremendous potential applications in the fields of optoelectronics, sensors and photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a definitive method to check out structural and anatomical abnormalities of the brain, but it does not give any information regarding the functional or metabolic properties. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used now-a-days for clinical applications and it also provides information about the metabolic properties of region of interest. The ideal way to analyse the magnetic resonance spectrum is to look at metabolite ratios such as NAA/Cr (N-Acetylaspartate and Creatine), Cho/Cr (Choline/Creatine) and NAA/Cho (N-Acetylaspartate/Choline). Aim: To evaluate normal ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho in normal cerebral white matter in Indian population. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out on 100 individuals with no history of trauma or known psychiatric illness who attended the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a period of two years from September 2010 to September 2012 in Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinnaoutpalli, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. All data were collected, tabulated and statistically analysed using XLSTAT data analysis tool (Microsoft Excel) version 2010. Results: The study was done in two cohorts. One includes study population of age range 20-35 years and other includes study population of age range 36-50 years. A total of 100 individuals were evaluated by performing MRS scan of which 65 were male (65%) and 35 were female (35%). The obtained ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/ Cr and NAA/Cho in 20-35 study age groups were 1.85, 0.81, 2.38, respectively. The obtained ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho in 36-50 study age group were 1.81, 0.84, 2.23, respectively. Conclusion: The MRS is a non-invasive, radiation-free technique and is helpful to provide the metabolite information related to underlying dynamic physiology while being used as an adjuvant to MRI.

A gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of Prasugrel hydrochloride and its related substances. The well chromatographic separation of prasugrel from its seven related substances and degradation products was achieved on Sunfire C18, 5μm (250mm × 4.6mm) column temperature maintained at 45°C with a mobile phase A: 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in water and mobile phase B: 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 220nm. The developed method was validated for specificity, forced degradation studies, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), linearity, precision (system precision, method precision and intermediate precision), accuracy, stability of standard and sample solutions and robustness. The method is linear with a concentration range of 0.085-3.218μg/ml with correlation coefficients more than 0.9997 for prasugrel and its related substances. The method recoveries obtained are ranged between 96.4% -101.1% for LOQ levels and 94.7%-103.3% for remaining levels. The method was found to be specific, linear, sensitive, precise, rugged, accurate, robust and stability indicating in nature. The more results are detailed in research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride based glasses with composition CaF2–ZnF2–Bi2O3–B2O3 doped with chromium ions have been investigated using physical, optical, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman studies. The amorphous nature of samples was confirmed from x-ray diffraction spectra. The density is evaluated from the Archimedes principle and the values of optical band gap and Urbach energy values were evaluated from the optical absorption spectra. Thus, molar volume, refractive index, etc., were also evaluated. The observed decrease in density and the optical band gap with CaF2 is explained using the crystalline density of metal fluorides and the ionicity of fluorine ions, respectively. The three peaks near 450 nm, 606 nm, and 720 nm, which are shown in the absorption spectra, are accredited to 4A2g → 4T1g, 4A2g → 4T2g, 4A2g → 2E transitions, respectively. Resonance signals at g ≈ 4.82 and g ≈ 1.99 were observed in EPR spectra which are assigned. FTIR and Raman analysis were carried out to examine the impact of metal fluorides on the structure of bismuth borate glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of Limonia acidissima. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and five Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) by agar well diffusion method. Methanol extract showed good antibacterial activity with the high inhibition zones while chloroform extract exhibited mild to moderate activity and hexane extract was found to be less active. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. The results of the present study suggest that leaves of Limonia acidissima can be used to treating infectious diseases caused by E. coli, P. vulgaris and S. pneumoniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outstanding increase of oral absorption, bioavailability, and antiviral efficacy of phosphorylated nucleosides and basic antiviral influence of abacavir is the central idea for the development of new series of phosphorylated abacavir (ABC) derivatives. The designed compounds were primarily screened for antiviral nature against HN protein of NDV and VP7 protein of BTV using the molecular environment approach. Out of all the designed compounds, the compounds which are having higher binding energies against these two viral strains were prompted for the synthesis of the target compounds (5A-K). Among the synthesized title compounds (5A-K), the compounds which have exhibited higher dock scores akin to the rest of the compounds were then selected and screened for the antiviral activity against NDV and BTV infected embryonated eggs and BHK 21 cell lines through the in ovo and in vitro approaches. The results revealed that all the designed compounds have formed higher binding energies against both the targets. Among all, the compounds which are selected based on their dock scores such as 5A, 5F, 5G, 5H, 5I, and 5K against NDV and 5J, 5E, 5I, 5C, 5A, and 5K against BTV have shown significant antiviral activity against HN protein of NDV, VP7 protein of Bluetongue virus in both NDV- and BTV-treated embryonated eggs and BHK 21 cell lines. Hence, it is concluded that, the best lead compounds will stand as the potential antiviral agents and prompted them as virtuous therapeutics against NDV and BTV in future.

Objectives: Astrocytoma represents most noted malignancy of the brain. The overall survival rate of patients with progressive form remains dismal despite of the present clinical advancements. Search for biomarkers can open new avenues of therapeutic measures to curb the progressive astrocytic tumors. Nck1 is reported to be involved in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and neuronal migration. Here, we have determined prognostic importance of Nck1 protein in astrocytoma progression. Temporal lobe epilepsy tissues were used as control., Methods: Real time PCR was used to analyze Nck1 transcript expression while western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to study expression on translational levels. Protein expression in western blots was categorized as Nck1 positive and Nck1 negative. We further seen the prognostic significance of Nck1 in 246 glioblastoma tissue samples as visible from the TCGA database., Results: We find Nck1 RNA and protein was upregulated significantly in high grade tissues as compared to low grade and control tissue samples (p < 0.05). Logrank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis signified the use of Nck1 as independent prognostic marker for astrocytoma progression and its expression levels were correlated with poor survival in surgically resected human tissue samples (Chi square = 10.7, p = 0.001). Further, glioblastoma was noticed to be predominant at frontal and temporal lobe., Conclusion: On account of it's over expression, Nck1 appears as possible biomarker for astrocytoma progression and may serve as an important therapeutic target. Prominent origin of glioblastoma at frontal and temporal lobe suggests possible involvement of tissue specific developmental or transcriptional factors in origin of tumors.

Many sites in the industrial region of Kattedan near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India are contaminated with high concentrations of lead. The use of plants to remove toxic metals from soils (phytoremediation) is emerging as a potential strategy for cost-effective and environmentally sound remediation of contaminated soils. We studied remediation of soils contaminated with lead using a lead hyperaccumulating plant, Hemidesmus indicus. The ability of this plant to accumulate lead in shoots and roots was studied with pot experiments. The results showed that accumulation was maximum in roots for the first 1-3 weeks and later for a contact period of three months, the accumulation rate was maximum in shoots. In addition we used various chelating agents such as EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA and CDTA to determine the best chemical modifier for efficient lead removal from contaminated soils. The effect on lead accumulation of plant in the presence of various metal co-ions was also studied. An attempt was made for the decontamination of lead from five different "Real-life" soils of Kattedan using H. indicus.

Because of the severity of heavy metal contamination and potential adverse health impact on the public, a tremendous effort has taken place to purify waters containing toxic metal ions. Traditional methods which have been employed prove to be costly and prohibitive for low level waste remediation. Biosorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground and wastewaters. Most recently, plant based biomaterials have been of interest. The bark of Hemidesmus indicus, an extensively available plant biomass commonly called as Indian sarsaparilla was used as biomaterial for removal of lead from aqueous streams. Batch experiments were carried out with immobilized biomass of H. indicus (IPBFIX) to optimize the experimental parameters like effect of contact time, initial metal concentration, initial IPBFIX concentration and co-metal ion effect on biosorption of lead from contaminated waters. Column experiments were performed under flow conditions for regeneration and recycle efficiency of IPBFIX and was found to be effective for three cycles. Elution experiments were carried out to remove lead ions from loaded IPBFIX and 100% elution was achieved with a 0.1M HNO(3) solution. The effectiveness of the IPBFIX for biosorption of lead ions was demonstrated using the wastewater samples emanating from a non-ferrous metal industry and the results are presented in this paper. The results from these studies will be useful for a novel phytofiltration technology to remove and recover lead from wastewaters and this can also be well adapted for secondary treatment or polishing of wastewaters. An attempt has been made to remove lead from the lead polluted waters (both ground and surface) from an industrially contaminated sites.

Kolleru lake is the largest fresh water lake in the districts of East and West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh, India. Many anthropogenic sources contribute to the heavy metal pollution in the lake and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish helps in assessing the aquatic pollution. Total contents and fractionation of selected heavy metals, viz., Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni and Co were measured in sediment sample and three edible fish. The investigation aimed at revealing differences in the accumulation pattern of heavy metals in fish inhabiting sediments characterized by varying metal bioavailability. The metal concentrations were found to be greater than the background concentrations of sediments indicating the anthropogenic origin of metals. Good recovery values were obtained for metal contents in sediments and fish. Large fractions of Zn, Cd and Cu were associated with mobile fraction of sediment and showed greater bioaccumulation in fish whereas Ni and Co were least mobilisable. The results clearly indicate that the fish of Kolleru lake are contaminated with metals and not advisable for human consumption.

Different areas in the industrial region of Patancheru near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (A.P), India are contaminated with high concentration of arsenic, which is attributed to industrial source like veterinary chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticide industries, etc. Fourteen villages of this area of Patancheru were assessed for arsenic contamination by collecting samples of water (surface and ground), soil, fodder, milk, and vegetables. The total arsenic content in the whole blood, urine, hair, and nails of the residents showing arsenical skin lesions and other clinical manifestations were also studied. To understand the bioavailability of arsenic in this environment and its possible entry into human food chain, speciation studies of arsenic was carried out and the results are presented in this paper.