Search

Clothing thermal and wet comfort relates to the heat and moisture transport properties of clothing as one of the most important factors in determining whether or not a garment is desirable to customers. It is important to develop winter textiles by optimally combined technology of hygroscopic heat generation and moisture management to maintain warm dry skin for the active wearer. In this work, six multilayer hygroscopic and exothermic fabrics made up of different functional yarn compositions were designed and fabricated based on ergonomic principles. Their thermal wet comfort properties were investigated compared with seven plain knitted fabrics. Air permeability, moisture management characteristics, thermal physiological properties, and hygroscopic heat generation performances were used to assess thermal and wet comfort properties. Their correlations with yarn composition were explored. Multilayer knitted fabrics with a designed knitted structure and wettability gradient demonstrated evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties and excellent directional moisture transport performances. This has the potential to reduce the phenomena of high temperature and heat concentration following moisture absorption The fabric made up of profiled polyester and a low proportion of cotton blend as an inner layer and a high proportion of modified polyacrylate and viscose blend as a middle layer was verified to have superior moisture management characteristics and evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to investigate the effect of the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in carbon fibers reinforced epoxy matrix composites (CF/EP) on the ability of composites to resist γ radiation. We used γ irradiation and investigated composites, γ-CF/EP without CNTs; γ-CF/EP with CNTs in matrix (γ-CF/EP-CNTs); γ-CF/EP with CNTs in interface (γ-CF-CNTs/EP) and γ-CF/EP with CNTs both in the interface area and matrix (γ-CF-CNTs/EP-CNTs). The results show that the bending strength and bending modulus of γ-CF-CNTs/EP-CNTs are 28.59% and 41.44% higher than that of γ-CF/EP before fatigue testing, and 32.19% and 73.51% higher than that of gamma-CF/EP after fatigue testing. Ultrasonic C-scan microscopic examination after fatigue test showed that the internal structure damage of γ-CF-CNTs/EP-CNTs was the smallest, while γ-CF/EP was the largest. The storage modulus of the three modified composites are significantly improved compared with the unmodified composite, especially the storage modulus of γ-CF-CNTs/EP-CNTs is sharply improved from 2.53 GPa (γ-CF/EP) to 5.66 GPa (γ-CF-CNTs/EP-CNTs). X-ray spectroscopy shows changes in the surface and internal valence content of the composites, further revealing the crosslinking reaction and the secondary curing reaction. Combined with scanning electron microscopy and crack propagation models, the microstructure and enhancement mechanisms of CNTs-reinforced composites for anti-gamma radiation are discussed. The CNTs synergistic enhance the composite's anti-gamma radiation performance with excellent effects when CNTs are added together into matrix and interface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The flower-like PtAu/rGO nanocomposites were obtained by the gamma irradiation assisted with microemulsion. • Gamma irradiation could efficiently reduce GO and metal precursors to rGO and PtAu NPs. • Microemulsion endowed PtAu NPs with monodisperse flower-like morphology and inhibited the agglomeration of nanoparticles. • The immunosensor based on the flower-like PtAu/rGO exhibited excellent performance for the detection of CEA. Abstract The platinum-gold (PtAu)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were obtained via the gamma irradiation assisted by microemulsion while PtAu NPs showed the monodispersed flower-like shape with small-sized (below 15 nm). Gamma irradiation controlled the reduction of graphene oxide and PtAu NPs meanwhile the microemulsion endowed PtAu NPs with porous monodisperse flower-like structure and inhibited the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The size of PtAu NPs was limited by confinement effects of graphene oxide and fragmentation ability of gamma irradiation. An ultra-sensitive, label-free immunosensor was developed on the base of above rGO supported PtAu alloy nanoparticles for the determination of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA). The flower-like PtAu/rGO nanocomposites had a higher faradaic current than other nanocomposites, and the obtained PtAu NPs/rGO nanocomposites not only improve the electrocatalytic activity and increase the electrode surface area in nanoscale dimension, but also provide a stable and biocompatible matrix for the convenient conjugation of antibody, thus providing a high-efficiency immunoassay platform. The developed immunosensor showed excellent performance for the detection of CEA with a low detection limit of 7 fg·mL−1 and a wide dynamic range from 10 fg·mL−1 to 1 × 108 fg·mL−1. In addition, the immunosensor system showed high specificity with the interference of ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin, L-tryptophan and alpha fetal protein. The contribution of this work lies in the research of the synergistic effect of gamma irradiation and microemulsion in the formation of flower-like PtAu NPs/rGO nanoparticles applied in preparation of immunosensor. In view of the versatility of self-assembled nanoparticles, this strategy has great application prospects in fabrication of immunosensors and other biological devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N -Alkylated chitosan (NACS) may improve the haemostatic efficiency of chitosan (CS). To study its coagulation capability and function, a series of NACS with various carbon chain lengths and substitution degrees (SD) of alkyl groups were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Haemolysis and toxicity assays revealed that NACS showed good biocompatibility. In vitro blood clotting tests indicated that NACS had better haemostatic activity than CS, of which N -octadecyl CS with 3.85% SD showed the best results. Blood plasma coagulation tests showed that NACS was not favourable for activating coagulation factors. Platelet adhesion, intracellular Ca 2+ , and CD62p measurements demonstrated that the coagulation properties of NACS were not related to platelet activation. Erythrocyte adhesion examination indicated that blood coagulation of NACS may be attributable to its effects on erythrocytes. This study suggests that NACS is an ideal candidate for clotting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A triple-layered ultra-thin double Janus nanofiltration membrane was prepared with substrate membrane, carboxylated cellulose interlayer and ultra-thin polyamide layer. • The hydrophobic/hydrophilic, positive/negative Janus structure of nanofiltration membrane was helpful to separate Mg2+ and Li+. • The thickness of polyamide layer in Janus nanofiltration membrane was 60.29 nm, 55.56% thinner than that in traditional nanofiltration membrane and 25.89% thinner than that in weak Janus nanofiltration membrane. To explore nanofiltration (NF) membrane with high permeability and good separation for Li+ from salt-lake, a triple-layered ultra-thin double Janus NF membrane was prepared with polyethersulfone (PES) substrate membrane, a carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal (CNC-COOH) interlayer and an ultra-thin polyamide (PA) layer via interfacial polymerization of polyethylenimine and trimesoyl chloride. The interlayer contain a large number of carboxyl groups, which could improve not only the negative potential of interlayer, but also the positive potential of the PA layer because of the increase of unreacted NH 2. In addition, the hydrophilic of interlayer was stronger than the PA layer. Therefore, the interlayer and the ultra-thin PA layer could construct a double Janus NF membrane with hydrophobic/hydrophilic, positive/negative charge. It was found that the content of carboxyl groups and unreacted amino groups on the surface of Janus PES/CNC-COOH/PA NF membrane was increased obviously. The thickness of Janus NF membrane PA layer was 60.29 nm, 55.56% thinner than that in traditional PES/PA NF membrane and 25.89% thinner than that in weak Janus PES/cellulose nanocrystal/PA NF membrane. The Janus NF membrane had a minimum average surface roughness of 6.21 nm, an effective pore diameter of 1.38 nm, and exhibited a positive surface charge with a highly hydrophilic nature. Under the Mg2+/Li+ ratio of 30 and 60, the Janus NF membrane exhibited the rejection difference between Mg2+ and Li+ reached to 74.35% and 83.96%, the water flux was 4.17 and 3.4 L/(m2·h·bar), respectively, and the separation factor S Li,Mg was 12.15 and 5.84, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous mats piled by nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers with seeded TiO 2 are fabricated and punched directly into circles as lithium-ion battery anodes. The seeding structure is composed of semi-wrapped TiO 2 nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) coated with a thin layer of carbon. Synchronously, pores with various widths are formed on CNFs. As a freestanding anode, an initial discharge capacity of 615 mAh g -1 with a coulombic efficiency of 56% is reached, and 322 mAh g -1 is obtained after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g -1 . This is assigned to the increasing number of active sites for the lithium ion from pores with various widths and improved conductivity originating from nitrogen doping. Superior rate performance (179 mAh g -1 at the current density of 2000 mA g -1 ) under various current densities compared with that of other counterparts is attributed to the structural stability originating from the seeding structure with the help of the C-O-Ti bond. An additional 800 cycles are displayed at the current density of 2000 mA g -1 , and superior stability is also exhibited.