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As global food demand continues to grow, enhancing rice seed-setting rate and yield has emerged as a crucial research topic. The stigma exsertion rate in rice, a pivotal determinant of the outcrossing seed-setting rate in sterility lines, is essential for facilitating the propagation and efficient seed production of hybrid rice varieties. This article reviews the research progress on stigma exertion rate in rice, systematically analyzing the latest molecular biology and genetics findings to uncover the key genes and molecular mechanisms regulating stigma exertion. Furthermore, it explores the application of molecular marker-assisted selection technology in rice breeding, aiming to optimize stigma exertion traits to enhance the stigma exertion rate and outcrossing habits of rice sterility lines. By integrating existing research outcomes, this article not only provides researchers with a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of stigma exertion but also offers practical strategies for rice breeding practices.

The eIF6 proteins are distributed extensively in eukaryotes and play diverse and essential roles. The bona fide eIF6 protein in Arabidopsis, At-eIF6;1, is essential for embryogenesis. However, the role of eIF6 proteins in rice growth and development remains elusive and requires further investigation. Here, we characterized the functions of OseIF6.1, which is homologous to At-eIF6;1. OseIF6.1 encodes an eukaryotic translation initiation factor with a conserved eIF6 domain. The knockdown of OseIF6.1 resulted in a decrease in grain length and pollen sterility, whereas the overexpression of OseIF6.1 displayed opposite phenotypes. Further studies revealed that OseIF6.1 regulates grain shape by influencing cell expansion and proliferation. In addition, OseIF6.1 interacts with OsNMD3, which is a nuclear export adaptor for the 60S ribosomal subunit. The knockdown of OsNMD3 in plants exhibited reduced fertility and seed setting. Therefore, our findings have significantly enriched the current understanding of the role of OseIF6.1 in rice growth and development.

A device is proposed, which can be used to upgrade the informatization process of old equipment and information isolated island equipment of ceramic enterprises. It has the characteristics of standard, high efficiency, low cost and low risk. The universal fast interface does not interfere with the control system of the device itself when connected to the device. It can obtain data that the target device system has but is not open or the system does not have. Then, the device use the standard industrial communication protocol to transmit the data to the manufacturing execution system in accordance with the agreed data format. This method lay a good foundation for the informatization upgrade and optimization of the data. Furthermore it can be used to optimize and control production. Finally, in enterprise applications, it shows that the device has certain economic and social benefits.