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We present facile two-step hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition approaches for in situ growth of cobalt phosphide and vanadium phosphide (CoP/V2P) on carbon paper (CP). The as-prepared CoP/V2P/CP composite can be used as counter electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) without any post-treatment. It is found that the CoP/V2P/CP CE exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity than that of the Pt CE and the comforting charge-transfer resistance of 9.53 Ω·cm2 for the reduction of the triiodide electrolyte. Therefore, the DSSC with the CoP/V2P/CP CE generates a higher power conversion efficiency (9.47%) than that of the Pt CE (7.43%) under optimized conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In order to solve the shortage of competent healthcare manpower at the village level of Yunnan Province, We compared the training mode of Kunming Medical University and The Medical Educational Center, Hat Yai of PSU. The aim of this study is to compare the difference of the two institutions and learn from each other’s advantages. Methods: The review covered relevant policy areas and stipulations governing general practitioner training for both countries. Quantitative research was done by using a questionnaire developed in house by the project team, students from the inaugural cohort at KMU and students from the MECH. In Qualitative research, in-depth interviews were carried out with the teaching administration and students from both schools. Results: In Kunming Medical University, besides the conventional lectures, teaching methods such as case based learning and problem based learning have been worked into the basic science, laboratory, and clerkship/internship sessions. The desired end product is a general practitioner. In Prince of Songkla University, the first and second phases consist of basic science and preclinical integrated topics taught at PSU. For the third and final phase, the students have core clinical modules and selective at MECH where the methods are learner centered, problem based, integrated and set in the context of community primary healthcare practice. Conclusions: We should start with the integration of the medical disciplines and the humanities, so as to restore the lost “art of doctoring”. We need to integrate the various foundational and clinical disciplines into an organ system based curriculum, not just in form, but also in function and purpose. Keywords: curriculums; Hat Yai; Kunming Medical University; medical education models; Medical Education Center.

Introduction: To compare health status between Hat Yai city of Songkhla Province in Thailand and Yulong county of Yunnan province in China about rural health care workers and local residents, analyzing of both differences, learning from the advanced experience and practice of Thailand, adjusting policy, especially for the implementation of measures to improve the lack of human resources construction of Yulong County rural health, promote the level of rural health service of Lijiang. Methods: A qualitative study consisting of focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were conducted in Rural Health Care Workers and Local Residents Health Status in Yulong County of Yunnan Province China and Hat Yai City of Songkhla Mansion Thailand from. Results: Compared to 41(100%) bachelor's degree of medical staffs in Hat Yai, this accounted only 94 (42%) bachelor's degree of medical staffs in Yulong county hospital, and 31 (12%)in townships hospitals. For medical workers in Hat Yai, they have at least one time on-job training per year, but for Yulong county, only 144 (29%)of the medical personnel participated in the training per year. Health expenditures of Yulong county was mainly borne by the local government, and medical insurance coverage rate is 217,107 (99%). Insurance average awareness of Hat Yai is 4449 (66.4%), Yulong County is 62,501 (28.5%), P

Indoles are essential heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, and therefore, novel and efficient approaches to their synthesis are in high demand. Among indoles, 2‐aryl indoles have been described as privileged scaffolds. Advanced herein is a straightforward, practical, and transition‐metal‐free assembly of 2‐aryl indoles. Simply combining readily available 2‐fluorotoluenes, nitriles, LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF enables the generation of a diverse array of indoles (38 examples, 48–92 % yield). A range of substituents can be introduced into each position of the indole backbone (C4 to C7, and aryl groups at C2), providing handles for further elaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of efficient synthetic functional receptors with tunable cavities, and the self-organization of guest molecules within these cavities through noncovalent interactions can be challenging. Here we have prepared a double-cavity molecular cup based on hexaethynylbenzene that possesses a highly π-conjugated interior for the binding of electron-rich guests. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM were used to investigate the structures and the binding behaviors. The results indicated that the binding of a guest in one cavity would affect the binding of the same or another guest in the other cavity. The effect of electron transfer in this system suggests ample opportunities for tuning the optical and electronic properties of the molecular cup and the encapsulated guest. The encapsulation of different guests would also lead to different aggregate nanostructures, which is a new way to tune their supramolecular architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the association of chemical weak forces and solvent effects, zero- to two-dimensional nanostructures of thiophene-substituted perylene bisimide such as spheres and blocky structures were obtained. Light-controlled intramolecular charge transfer from the trithiophene unit to the perylene bisimide in the solid state can induce a hypochromatic shift and enhanced fluorescent emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triazolecarboxamide-containing foldamers were synthesized from simple starting materials by means of repeated [3+2] cycloadditions) and acid-amine coupling reactions. Foldamer-anion binding behavior and affinities were determined by 1H NMR titration in [D2]dichloromethane. The selective recognition of sulfate by these motifs was studied by one- and two-dimensional (1H, 1H-1H COSY and NOESY) NMR spectroscopy as well as UV/Visible and fluorescence titrations. The structures of the triazolecarboxamide-containing foldamers can be optimized for highly selective recognition of sulfate anions by changing the numbers of triazolecarboxamide units and by the introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents on the terminal benzene ring. These findings indicate the importance of the structural compatibility between the receptor and anions for the highly selective anion binding as well as the electronic effect on tuning the anion-binding affinities of receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino-substituted pyrrole-fused perylenebis(dicarboximides) have been prepared from tri- or tetrabromoperylene prcursors by using the classical azidation conditions for the substitution of aromatic halogen, that is, NaN3, sodium ascorbate, CuI, and N, N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine in DMSO/H2O. The pyrrole-fused dyes are highly photochemically and thermally stable, which may be useful for labelling and as building blocks for the synthesis of functional molecular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A perylenetetracarboxdiimide derivative containing an anthraquinone unit has been synthesized by the phototriggered intramolecular cyclization of 2-anthraquinone-substituted perylenetetracarboxdiimide. The anthraquinone-substituted perylenetetracarboxdiimide dyes showed excellent electron-accepting abilities with four reversible reduction potentials. Photovoltaic devices of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PDIs/Ca/Al were fabricated and power conversion efficiencies of 0.16 and 0.39 were obtained for 1 and 2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of 1,10-dihydroxyperylene bisimides by nucleophilic substitution of brominated perylene bisimide is described. 1,10-Dihydroxyperylene bisimides formed J aggregates in nonpolar solvents and showed a clearly redshifted absorption band. The solvent polarity also influenced the hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group, and thus, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide. The photophysical properties of these dihydroxyperylene perylene bisimides can also be tuned by changing charge transfer from the hydroxyl groups to the perylene core through the introduction of metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetation in parks is regarded as a valuable way to reduce particulate pollution in urban environments but there is little quantitative information on its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to conduct on-site measurements and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to determine the aerodynamic and deposition effects of vegetation enhancement on particulate matter (PM) dispersions in an urban park in Xi'an, China. Initially, the airflow characteristics and deposition effects of vegetation were predicted and compared with measured air velocities and particulate pollution data to validate the numerical modeling. Then, associated coverage ratios and supplementary green areas (tree coverage ratio, crown volume coverage (CVC), and roof greening) were added to numerical simulations. After a series of numerical simulations and comparisons, results indicated that: (1) Numerical models with simplified vegetation method could reproduce the distribution of particulate matter concentrations in the real park environment; (2) with a tree coverage ratio >37.8% (or CVC > 1.8 m3/m2), the pedestrian-level PM2.5 could meet the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines (IT-1) standards in the park; (3) roof greening on leeward buildings produced greater PM removal effects compared with windward buildings; and (4) the most economical and reasonable tree coverage ratio and CVC to reduce atmospheric PM in urban parks should be 30% and 1.8 m3/m2, respectively. These results are useful guidelines for urban planners towards a sustainable design of vegetation in urban parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Because the excreted sporocysts and/or oocysts of various species of Sarcocystis may not be discriminated morphologically, we sought to validate a diagnostic technique based on variation in the 18S rDNA sequence. Oocysts and/or sporocysts from three taxa of Sarcocystis were collected from human, feline, and canine definitive hosts that had fed upon meats infected with the muscle cysts of Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis fusiformis and a species of Sarcocystis from water buffalo that could not be distinguished from Sarcocystis cruzi. Using a new collection method employing filter paper, these excreted oocysts and sporocysts were subjected to DNA extraction, as were the corresponding muscle cysts. Methods employing PCR–RFLP and DNA sequencing of a partial 18S rDNA gene (ssrRNA) sequence were then used to successfully distinguish among the three taxa. The same, unique restriction digestion pattern characterizes the tissue cysts and oocysts and/or sporocysts of each parasite taxon. The technique makes possible amplification and identification of species specific gene sequences based on DNA extracted from as few as 7 excreted sporocysts (the equivalent of 3 and 1/2 oocysts) from freshly prepared material, or as few as 50 sporocysts from feces samples that had been stored in potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for as long as 6 years. This represents the first report using molecular diagnostic procedures to diagnose oocysts of Sarcocystis in faecal samples, describing a valuable new tool for studying the epidemiology of various Sarcocystis species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Indoles are essential heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, and therefore, novel and efficient approaches to their synthesis are in high demand. Among indoles, 2-aryl indoles have been described as privileged scaffolds. Advanced herein is a straightforward, practical, and transition-metal-free assembly of 2-aryl indoles. Simply combining readily available 2-fluorotoluenes, nitriles, LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 , and CsF enables the generation of a diverse array of indoles (38 examples, 48-92 % yield). A range of substituents can be introduced into each position of the indole backbone (C4 to C7, and aryl groups at C2), providing handles for further elaboration., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) leader protein (EBNALP) is one of the first viral genes expressed upon B-cell infection. EBNALP is essential for EBV-mediated B-cell immortalization. EBNALP is thought to function primarily by coactivating EBNA2-mediated transcription. Chromatin immune precipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) studies highlight that EBNALP frequently cooccupies DNA sites with host cell transcription factors (TFs), in particular, EP300, implicating a broader role in transcription regulation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of EBNALP transcription coactivation through EP300. EBNALP greatly enhanced EP300 transcription activation when EP300 was tethered to a promoter. EBNALP coimmunoprecipitated endogenous EP300 from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). EBNALP W repeat serine residues 34, 36, and 63 were required for EP300 association and coactivation. Deletion of the EP300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain greatly reduced EBNALP coactivation and abolished the EBNALP association. An EP300 bromodomain inhibitor also abolished EBNALP coactivation and blocked the EP300 association with EBNALP. EBNALP sites cooccupied by EP300 had significantly higher ChIP-seq signals for sequence-specific TFs, including SPI1, RelA, EBF1, IRF4, BATF, and PAX5. EBNALP- and EP300-cooccurring sites also had much higher H3K4me1 and H3K27ac signals, indicative of activated enhancers. EBNALP-only sites had much higher signals for DNA looping factors, including CTCF and RAD21. EBNALP coactivated reporters under the control of NF-κB or SPI1. EP300 inhibition abolished EBNALP coactivation of these reporters. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat interference targeting of EBNALP enhancer sites significantly reduced target gene expression, including that of EP300 itself. These data suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism by which EBNALP coactivates transcription through subverting of EP300 and thus affects the expression of LCL genes regulated by a broad range of host TFs. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus was the first human DNA tumor virus discovered over 50 years ago. EBV is causally linked to ∼200,000 human malignancies annually. These cancers include endemic Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients or HIV-infected people, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and ∼10% of gastric carcinoma cases. EBV-immortalized human B cells faithfully model key aspects of EBV lymphoproliferative diseases and are useful models of EBV oncogenesis. EBNALP is essential for EBV to transform B cells and transcriptionally coactivates EBNA2 by removing repressors from EBNA2-bound DNA sites. Here, we found that EBNALP can also modulate the activity of the key transcription activator EP300, an acetyltransferase that activates a broad range of transcription factors. Our data suggest that EBNALP regulates a much broader range of host genes than was previously appreciated. A small-molecule inhibitor of EP300 abolished EBNALP coactivation of multiple target genes. These findings suggest novel therapeutic approaches to control EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)

The construction of efficient synthetic functional receptors with tunable cavities, and the self-organization of guest molecules within these cavities through noncovalent interactions can be challenging. Here we have prepared a double-cavity molecular cup based on hexaethynylbenzene that possesses a highly π-conjugated interior for the binding of electron-rich guests. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM were used to investigate the structures and the binding behaviors. The results indicated that the binding of a guest in one cavity would affect the binding of the same or another guest in the other cavity. The effect of electron transfer in this system suggests ample opportunities for tuning the optical and electronic properties of the molecular cup and the encapsulated guest. The encapsulation of different guests would also lead to different aggregate nanostructures, which is a new way to tune their supramolecular architectures., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

s-Tetrazine and their derivatives are found to be a class of selective and colorimetric chemosensors for fluoride anions. The supramolecular interaction (anion-π and charge/electron transfer) between fluoride ion and π-electron deficient tetrazines receptor could facilitate the F(-)-tetrazines electron transfer (ET) event that generates tetrazine˙(-) radical anion. Accordingly, the color of its solution changed from red to green. Furthermore, the recognition of F(-) in DMSO is tolerant to water (DMSO-H(2)O = 9:1, v/v) and shows excellent selectivity towards other anions, especially H(2)PO(4)(-) and OAc(-).

The synthesis of 1,10-dihydroxyperylene bisimides by nucleophilic substitution of brominated perylene bisimide is described. 1,10-Dihydroxyperylene bisimides formed J aggregates in nonpolar solvents and showed a clearly redshifted absorption band. The solvent polarity also influenced the hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group, and thus, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide. The photophysical properties of these dihydroxyperylene perylene bisimides can also be tuned by changing charge transfer from the hydroxyl groups to the perylene core through the introduction of metal ions., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)