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This study attempts to explore the function and mechanism of action of rosavin in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro. The viability and clone formation of SCLC cells were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis, respectively. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migration and invasion of SCLC cells. Besides, protein levels of p-ERK, ERK, p-MEK and MEK were determined using Western blot analysis. Rosavin repressed the viability and clone formation of SCLC cells, and promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest of SCLC cells. At the same time, rosavin suppressed migration and invasion of SCLC cells. Moreover, protein levels of p-ERK/ERK and p-MEK/MEK were decreased after rosavin addition in SCLC cells. Rosavin impaired malignant behaviors of SCLC cells, which may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway in vitro.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for many cancers; however, the effect of chemotherapy varies from individual to individual. Excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is widely recognized as a key gene regulating nucleotide excision repair (NER) and is closely associated with platinum response. Many studies have yielded conflicting results regarding whether ERCC1 polymorphisms can affect the response to platinum and overall survival (OS). Therefore, it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis of patients with specific races and cancer types. Methods: Eight databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang databases) were searched. Results were expressed in terms of odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results: In this study, rs11615, rs2298881 and rs3212986 SNPs were studied. In the comparison between CT and TT on the response to platinum, esophageal cancer [I2 = 0%, OR = 6.18, 95% CI(1.89,20.23), P = 0.003] and ovarian cancer [I2 = 0%, OR = 4.94, 95% CI(2.21,11.04), P<0.001] showed that the rs11615 CT genotype predicted a better response. In the comparison between CC and TT, ovarian cancer [I2 = 48.0%, OR = 6.15, 95% CI (2.56,14.29), P<0.001] indicated that the CC genotype predicted a better response. In the meta-analysis of OS, the CC genotype was related to longer OS than TT in ovarian cancer [TT vs CC: I2 = 57.7%, HR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.18, 2.49), P<0.001]. Conclusion: The ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism was related to the response to platinum and OS, but the correlation is based on specific cancer types in the Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) is a clinical challenge and a hot topic. Tumor microenvironment (TME) as a key factor promoting ovarian cancer progression. Macrophage is a component of TME, and it has been reported that macrophage phenotype is related to the development of PROC. However, the mechanism underlying macrophage polarization and whether macrophage phenotype can be used as a prognostic indicator of PROC remains unclear. Methods. We used ESTIMATE to calculate the number of immune and stromal components in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differential expression genes (DEGs) were analyzed via protein–protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis to reveal major pathways of DEGs. CD80 was selected for survival analysis. IL-6 was selected for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A subsequent cohort study was performed to confirm the correlation of IL-6 expression with macrophage phenotype in peripheral blood and to explore the clinical utility of macrophage phenotype for the prognosis of PROC patients. Results. A total of 993 intersecting genes were identified as candidates for further survival analysis. Further analysis revealed that CD80 expression was positively correlated with the survival of HGSOC patients. The results of GO and KEGG analysis suggested that macrophage polarization could be regulated via chemokine pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. GSEA showed that the genes were mainly enriched in IL-6-STAT-3. Correlation analysis for the proportion of tumor infiltration macrophages revealed that M2 was correlated with IL-6. The results of a cohort study demonstrated that the regulation of macrophage phenotype by IL-6 is bidirectional. The high M1% was a protective factor for progression-free survival. Conclusion. Thus, the macrophage phenotype is a prognostic indicator in PROC patients, possibly via a hyperactive IL-6-related pathway, providing an additional clue for the therapeutic intervention of PROC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is a bioactive trace element in seawater that regulates photosynthetic carbon dioxide drawdown and export from surface waters by phytoplankton in upward of 40% of the world's oceans. While autonomous sensor arrays are beginning to provide high-resolution data on temporal and spatial scales for some key oceanographic parameters, current analytical methods for iron are not amenable to autonomous platforms because of the need for user involvement and wet chemistry-based approaches. As a result, very large gaps remain in our understanding of iron distribution and chemistry in seawater. Here we present a straightforward nanostructure-based method to measure dissolved iron in natural seawater. The device comprises an iron-specific chelating biomolecule, desferrioxamine B (DFB), covalentiy immobilized on a mesoporous silica film. Changes in infrared spectral signatures of the immobilized DFB upon Fe(III) complexation provide an accurate and precise measure of iron on the surface of a chip exposed to seawater. The current system has a detection limit of ~50 pM for a 1-L sample at pH 1.7 and was used to measure dissolved iron in subarctic Pacific waters without interference from other elements in seawater. This technology provides a major step toward obtaining accurate iron measurements on autonomous research platforms.

The incidence of depression has previously been correlated to hypertension. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of depression and hypertension by examining the expression and interaction of renin/prorenin receptor (PRR) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in vascular endothelial cells. A case-control study was conducted, and general data and serum factors were compared between hypertension patients complicated with depression and patients with hypertension alone. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors associated with hypertension complicated with depression. In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and/or PRR gene silencing, and a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to test their proliferation. The concentrations of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factor were also detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemical colorimetry. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. The results revealed that HO-1 and renin precursor (Rep) were independent factors that affected hypertension complicated with depression. Serum HO-1 levels in patients with hypertension complicated with depression were significantly lower than that in hypertensive patients without depression, while Rep levels in patients with hypertension complicated with depression were significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients without depression. In HUVECs, ox-LDL reduced the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, upregulated the expression of PRR gene and downregulated the expression of HO-1 gene. It was also observed that silencing of the PRR gene promoted the expression of the HO-1 gene. Furthermore, ox-LDL upregulated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels, while PRR gene silencing inhibited the ox-LDL-induced inflammatory factor and oxidative stress levels in HUVECs. Thus, regulating the expression levels of HO-1 and PRR to inhibit the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effect of ox-LDL may provide new insight for the treatment of hypertension patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerable alpine grassland ecosystem is highly sensitive to climate change, and its response and feedback to climate change have been intensely studied by the scientific community. In this study, the alpine grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake watershed of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected as the research subject, and MODIS time series data and field sampling data were used to analyze the characteristics of the beginning of the growing season (BGS) pattern and the spatio-temporal variation and responded to environmental factors. The results show that under the combined influence of elevation, land surface temperature (LST), and soil moisture, the multi-year alpine grassland BGS pattern presents zonal horizontal characteristics with increasing delays from the southeast to the northwest and also exhibits non-zonal vertical characteristics in the western mountainous area. Alpine grassland BGS shows significant negative correlations with elevation and the 0-10 cm soil moisture content but a significant positive correlation with the mean spring LST. The relationships among BGS, elevation, and LST change when the elevation is over 4200 m, but the relationship between BGS and soil moisture continues to be a significant negative correlation. In the period 2000-2016, the BGS of the alpine grassland in the watershed generally advanced at the rate of 1.4 days/10 years and in local areas showed spatially heterogeneous trends. Spring soil moisture plays a key role in controlling spatio-temporal variations of BGS in the arid and semi-arid areas of the alpine zone relative to LST. Grassland degradation also affects the BGS spatio-temporal pattern and shows grassland degradation result of BGS in advance. The findings would provide a scientific reference for further understanding the mechanism of alpine vegetation phenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the natural driving mechanism and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services (ES) is a prerequisite for the implementation of scientific integrated ecosystem management, especially in ecologically fragile alpine ecological barrier regions. This study mainly studies the spatiotemporal dynamics and natural driving mechanism of water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), windbreak and sand fixation (WS) and carbon sequestration (CS) in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, identifies the trade-off and synergy features between ES in horizontal space. The results showed that the distribution of four ES presents different geographical spatial patterns, and an obvious increasing trend during the study period. Seven natural factors (precipitation, temperature, windspeed, etc.) can explain 38.1～47.0% of the spatiotemporal dynamics of ES in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Vegetation characteristics and elevation are the main explanatory variables controlling ES spatial pattern with the total contribution rate of 29.3% in 2000 and 26.5% in 2010. Temperature and elevation are the two most critical natural factors affecting ES, with the contribution ratio of 29.9% in 2020. The contribution of single nature factor on each ES pattern is different in the same year, and show interannual changes in different year. The contributions of wind speed, precipitation and slope to SC are uncertain, and the effect of temperature on CS is nonlinear. The trade-off and synergy cluster areas are mostly agglomerated and embedded in the compatibility region, with the characteristics of regional differentiation. The trade-offs and synergies between ES generally present the characteristics of interannual fluctuation, except WY-SC and WS-CS, which show a weakening trend in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Based on the above findings, we further discussed the complex trade-off and synergy relationships of ES, and the results provide scientific support for sustainable development by creating win–win scenarios under future climate change trends. [Display omitted] • Different ecosystem services (ES) show different geographical spatial patterns. • EVI、DEM and temperature play a key role in the spatiotemporal dynamic of ES. • The impacts of single natural factor on spatiotemporal dynamics of each ES is different. • The trade-off and synergy between most of ES present interannual fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Water yield in Yellow River basin (YRB) showed an increasing trend during 2000, 2010 and 2019. • The contribution of land use/land cover change to water yield is lower than of precipitation in YRB. • Land greening in YRB resulted in benefits for water yield in recent years. • The contribution of turning green to water yield is various in different geomorphic units of YRB. Understanding the impacts of climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes on water yield has great importance for water resource management and policy development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. However, it is unclear whether land greening under the human land management is beneficial to the water yield of different geomorphic units under the unique climate models. Here, we used InVEST model to estimate the water yield of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in 2000, 2010 and 2019 and selected different scenarios to analyse the contribution of LULC changes to water yield. The results showed that the water yield of the YRB increased during the study period. The mean depth of water yield (MDWY) of grassland, cultivated land, shrubland and forest decreased in turn, while the annual MDWY of each type increased. Cultivated land and grassland were the main contribution types of water yield in the YRB accounting for about 84% of the total, and the annual water yield of LULC types covered by vegetation increased except for cultivated land. The annual water yield of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (region Ⅰ) and the Loess Plateau (region III) in the YRB accounted for more than 80% of the total YRB water yield and showed an interannual increasing trend with part of the Mongolia Plateau (region Ⅱ) in the basin. The contribution of LULC to water yield in the whole YRB was small compared with that of precipitation, but LULC changes resulted in benefits for water yield in recent years, especially in region III that is controlled by a warm-temperate semi-arid continental climate and region I that is controlled by a plateau cold climate. However, in region Ⅱ, which is controlled by a mid-temperate semi-arid continental climate, revegetation further weakened the water yield ecosystem service. The results can provide references for land use management to enhance water yield under the background of global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Ovarian cancer tends to metastasize to the omentum, which is an organ mainly composed of adipose tissue. Many studies have found that fatty acid metabolism is related to the occurrence and metastasis of cancers. Therefore, it is possible that fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMRG) affect the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Methods. First, profiles of ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissue transcriptomes were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. A LASSO regression predictive model was developed via the "glmnet" R package. The nomogram was created via the "regplot." Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were conducted to determine the FAMRGs' roles. The percentage of immunocyte infiltration was calculated via CIBERSORT. Using "pRRophetic," the sensitivity of eight regularly used medications and immunotherapy was anticipated. Results. 125 genes were determined as different expression genes (DEGs). Based on RXRA, ECI2, PTGIS, and ACACB, a prognostic model is created and the risk score is calculated. Analyses of univariate and multivariate regressions revealed that the risk score was a distinct prognostic factor (univariate: HR: 2.855, 95% CI: 1.756-4.739, P < 0.001 ; multivariate: HR: 2.943, 95% CI: 1.800-4.812, P < 0.001). The nomogram demonstrated that it properly predicted the 1-year survival rate. The expression of memory B molecular units, follicular helper T molecular units, regulatory T molecular units, and M1 macrophages differed remarkably between the groups at high and low risk (P < 0.05). Adipocytokine signaling pathways, cancer pathways, and degradation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine vary between high- and low-risk populations. The findings of the GO enrichment revealed that the extracellular matrix and cellular structure were the two most enriched pathways. PTGIS, which is an important gene in fatty acid metabolism, was identified as the hub gene. This result was verified in ovarian cancer and ovarian tissues. The connection between the gene and survival was statistically remarkable (P = 0.015). The pRRophetic algorithm revealed that the low-risk group was more adaptable to cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and etoposide (P < 0.001). Conclusion. PTGIS may be an indicator of prognosis and a possible therapeutic target for the therapy of ovarian cancer patients. The fatty acid metabolism of immune cells may be controlled, which has an indirect effect on cancer cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] DO limitation was commonly encountered in high cell density cultivation of DHA. [•] The cultures with more than 100g/L cell density exhibited shear-thinning behavior. [•] Apparent viscosity of the broth significantly affected the change of kLa. [•] OUR was proposed to be an on-line parameter for scale-up of DHA production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatments for high-grade glioma (HGG), but the best way to delineate the target areas for radiotherapy remains controversial, so our aim was to compare the dosimetric differences in radiation treatment plans generated based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and National Research Group (NRG) consensus to provide evidence for optimal target delineation for HGG., Methods: We prospectively enrolled 13 patients with a confirmed HGG from our hospital and assessed dosimetric differences in radiotherapy treatment plans generated according to the EORTC and NRG-2019 guidelines. For each patient, two treatment plans were generated. Dosimetric parameters were compared by dose-volume histograms for each plan., Results: The median volume for planning target volume (PTV) of EORTC plans, PTV1 of NRG-2019 plans, and PTV2 of NRG-2019 plans were 336.6 cm 3 (range, 161.1-511.5 cm 3 ), 365.3 cm 3 (range, 123.4-535.0 cm 3 ), and 263.2 cm 3 (range, 116.8-497.7 cm 3 ), respectively. Both treatment plans were found to have similar efficiency and evaluated as acceptable for patient treatment. Both treatment plans showed well conformal index and homogeneity index and were not statistically significantly different (P = 0.397 and P = 0.427, respectively). There was no significant difference in the volume percent of brain irradiated to 30, 46, and 60 Gy according to different target delineations (P = 0.397, P = 0.590, and P = 0.739, respectively). These two plans also showed no significant differences in the doses to the brain stem, optic chiasm, left and right optic nerves, left and right lens, left and right eyes, pituitary, and left and right temporal lobes (P = 0.858, P = 0.858, P = 0.701 and P = 0.794, P = 0.701 and P = 0.427, P = 0.489 and P = 0.898, P = 0.626, and P = 0.942 and P = 0.161, respectively)., Conclusion: The NRG-2019 project did not increase the dose of organs at risk (OARs) radiation. This is a significant finding that further lays the groundwork for the application of the NRG-2019 consensus in the treatment of patients with HGGs., Clinical Trial Registration: The effect of radiotherapy target area and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on the prognosis of high-grade glioma and its mechanism, number ChiCTR2100046667. Registered 26 May 2021., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer RW declared a shared parent affiliation with the authors OY, CJ, LH, SX, YL, WW, QZ, XY, WL, CF, XW, FL to the handling editor at the time of review., (Copyright © 2023 Yan, Teng, Jiang, He, Xiao, Li, Wu, Zhao, Ye, Liu, Fan, Wu and Liu.)

Background: We aimed to construct enteral nutrition nursing management system under medical alliance mode, and to explore the clinical application effect., Methods: Based on the training project of enteral nutrition nursing team of Chinese Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the enteral nutrition nursing management system was constructed in June 2021. Using the convenient sampling method, 850 cases of enteral nutrition clinical practice were selected from medical alliance hospitals before and 6 months after the implementation of the system. The process indicators of enteral nutrition nursing quality were checked, and the reported outcome indicators were compared., Results: After the implementation, the implementation rate of enteral nutrition risk screening, the implementation rate of nutritional status assessment, and the correct rate of nursing measures of nurses in medical alliance hospitals were significantly improved ( P <0.001). The frequency of aspiration, diarrhea and unplanned extubation was notably decreased ( P <0.05). The mastery rate of enteral nutrition knowledge and the satisfaction rate of nursing work of patients were significantly higher than before ( P <0.001)., Conclusion: The established enteral nutrition nursing management system under the medical alliance model was effective and feasible, which was helpful to improve the level of enteral nutrition nursing management and the quality of enteral nutrition nursing in the medical alliance hospitals., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chu et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the nature of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) aggregated structures adsorbed on TiO(2). DPPC molecules were assembled on TiO(2) using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition methods or by directly flowing the DPPC liposome solution across the TiO(2)-coated ATR crystal. We found that there is a direct correlation between the intensity and frequency position of the zwitterionic headgroup IR bands and the nature of LB films. Specifically, we have shown that the bands due to PO(2)(-) modes are sensitive to changes in the degree of hydration of the LB films and that the symmetric deformation vibrational mode (delta(s) (+)N-CH(3)) is sensitive to interaction with oppositely charged surface sites. Using this information, we found that the liposomes adsorbed on TiO(2) remain intact as vesicles and that the vesicles are stable and not removed in flowing water. We have also shown that the antisymmetric deformation vibrational (delta(as) (+)N-CH(3)) modes are sensitive to changes in lateral-lateral DPPC interactions. This information was used to show that there is a lateral interaction between each positively charged (+)N(CH(3))(3) headgroup and negatively charged PO(2)(-) headgroup of the adjacent DPPC molecule in the adsorbed vesicles and LB films. This study provides a framework for the use of this IR technique in studies of adsorption and transport of molecules across membrane interfaces.

This article presents a general infrared spectroscopic method that enables the monitoring of the adsorption of surfactants and polyelectrolytes on high surface area silica particles from aqueous solution. The method is based on the use of a ZnSe internal reflection element (IRE) coated with a layer of titania particles. The titania surface is the converted to silica using atomic layer deposition with sequential addition of an amine catalyst, gaseous SiCl4, and water vapor. A minimum of three cycles is needed to produce a surface that mimics silica, as evidenced by the reaction of hexamethyldisilazane and zeta potential measurements. It is shown that the silicacoated titania particles on the ZnSe crystals are stable to flowing aqueous solutions below pH = 8 and can be used to study the dynamics of polymer/surfactant adsorption on silica.