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15. Comparison of carbohydrate utilization in man using indirect calorimetry and mass spectrometry after an oral load of 100 g naturally-labelled [13C]glucose

Author

Ebiner, J. R., Acheson, K. J., Doerner, A., Maeder, E., Arnaud, M. J., Jéquier, E., and Felber, J. P.

Abstract

1. Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was measured simultaneously in a group of five normal subjects after an oral load of 100 g naturally-labelled [13C]glucose, using indirect calorimetry and mass spectrometry. 2. CHO utilization, calculated from the results of indirect calorimetry, increased 30 min after the glucose load to reach a peak at 90 min. It then decreased to reach basal values at 380 min. Cumulative total CHO oxidation at 480 min was 83±8g, and CHO oxidized above basal levels, 37±3 g. 3. Enrichment of expired carbon dioxide with 13C began at 60 min and maximum values were observed at 270 min. At 480 min, cumulative CHO oxidation measured by use of [13C]glucose was 29 g. The difference from calorimetric values can be attributed in part to the slow isotopic dilution in the glucose and bicarbonate pools. 4. Thus, approximately 30% of the glucose load was oxidized during the 8 h after its ingestion and this accounts for a significant part of the increased CHO oxidation (37 g), as measured by indirect calorimetry

Published
2017

16. Carbohydrate utilization in obese subjects after an oral load of 100 g naturally-labelled [13C] glucose

Author

Ravussin, E., Doerner, Annelise, Acheson, K. J., Pahud, P., Arnaud, M. J., and Jéquier, E.

Abstract

1. Total carbohydrate (CHO) and ingested glucose oxidation was measured in five obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance after an oral load of 100g naturally-labelled [13C]glucose using indirect calorimetry and mass spectrometry respectively. 2. CHO utilization rate (107 ± 14 mg/min in the post-absorptive state) increased 30 min after the glucose load to reach a plateau (245±25 mg/min) between 90 and 120 min. It then decreased to basal values at 330 min. Cumulative CHO oxidation over 480 min was 66±7 g and the CHO oxidized above basal levels was 26 ± 7g. 3. Enrichment of expired carbon dioxide with 13c began at 45 min and maximum values were observed between 210 and 300 min. At 480 min, cumulative oxidation of the ingested glucose was 24± 2 g. 4. Compared with controls, the obese subjects exhibit an impairment of CHO utilization which precedes glucose intolerance. This impairment can be explained by an increased availability of free fatty acids which favours lipid oxidation at the expense of ingested [13C]glucose oxidation

Published
2017

20. Tenth Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Jerusalem, Israel, September 11–13, 1974

Author

Alberti, K. G. M. M., Iversen, J., Christensen, N. J., Andersson, A., Jarrousse, Claire, Andersson, Arne, Hellerström, Claes, Andreani, D., Tamburrano, G., Tamburrano, S., Gambardella, S., Ardill, Joy, Montgomery, D. A. D., Hadden, D. R., Assan, R., Attali, J. R., Selmi, A., Bourdillat, N., Soufflet, E., Girard, J. R., Bajaj, J. S., Chinna, G. S., Garg, S. K., Singh, Baldev, Balasse, E. O., Neef, M. A., Beischer, W., Melani, F., Keller, L., Hinz, M., Kroder, A., Maier, V., Pfeiffer, E. F., Bendayan, M., Sandborn, E., Rasio, E., Bensoussan, D., Levy-Toledano, S., Passa, P., Caen, J., Berger, M., Goodman, M. N., Hagg, S. A., Ruderman, N. B., Beyer, J., Cordes, U., Travniczek, H., Heider, W., Schöffling, K., Happ, J., Grimm, H., Pünchera, W., Althoff, P. H., Fröhlich, A., Bianco, A. R., Schwartz, R. H., Handwerger, B. S., Blackshear, P. J., Holloway, P. A. H., Williamson, D. H., Boquist, L., Hellman, Bo, Lernmark, Åke, Täljedabl, Inge-Bert, Bottermann, P., Schweigart, U., Zilker, Th., Hansen, W., Brachet, E., Rogister, C., Broer, Y., Freychet, P., Rosselin, G., Brunengraber, H., Vertongen, F., Boutry, M., Camu, F., Christacopoulos, P., Karamanos, B., Papadimitriou, P., Kardatos, Ch., Christensen, Niels Juel, Neubauer, Bent, Christophe, Jean, Winand, Jacques, Dehaye, Jean, Cuendet, G. S., Loten, E. G., Jeanrenaud, B., Davis, E., Yodaiken, Ralph E., Yanko, L., Herman, J. B., Garcia, S. Duran, Jarrousse, C., Ditzel, J., Daugaard, Niels Peters, Andersen, Haakon, Egeberg, J., Nerup, J., Andersen, O. O., Kromann, H., Bendixen, G., Poulsen, J. E., Eschwege, E., Falkmer, S., Emdin, S. O., Havu, N., Biuw, L. Winbladh, Sundby, F., Cutfield, J. F., Cutfield, S. M., Dodson, G. G., Peterson, J. D., Steiner, D. F., Fallucca, F., Menzinger, G., Iavicoli, M., Federspil, G., de Palo, C., Zago, E., Casara, D., Zaccaria, M., Scandellari, C., Felber, J. -P., Magnenat, G., Curchod, B., Pittet, Ph., Lytras, N., Müller-Hess, R., Geser, C. A., Jéquier, E., Flanagan, R. W. J., Buchanan, K. D., Murphy, R. F., Fölling, Ivar, Fromantin, M., Freyria, J., Bressac, F., Geisthövel, W., Niedergerke, U., Morgner, K. D., Willms, B., Mitzkat, H. J., Gey, K. F., Bühler, E., Sommer, P., Gey, K. F., Georgi, H., Sommer, P., Lengsfeld, H., Ghiea, D., Costiner, E., Simionescu, L., Oprescu, M., Grill, V., Cerasi, E., Gundersen, H. J. G., Gutman, A., Adler, J., Bar-Or, D., Gutzeit, A., Cerasi, E., Guy-Grand, B., Bigorie, B., Gylfe, Erik, Idahl, Lars-Åke, Hamosh, Margit, Hamosh, Paul, Hart, Adrian, Cohen, H., Thorp, J. M., Hedeskov, C. J., Capito, K., Forruby, B., Henquin, J. C., Lambert, A. B., Lambert, A. E., Henquin, J. C., Hepp, K. D., Renner, R., Häring, H. U., Mehnert, H., Kemmler, W., Löffler, G., Mehnert, H., Herchuelz, A., Mahy, M., Herrera, Emilip, Garcia-Rafanell, J., Morell, J., Heuclin, Ch., Attali, J. R., Girard, J. R., Assan, R., Hicks, B. H., Taylor, C. I., Vij, S. K., Pek, S., Knopf, R. F., Floyd, Jr., J. C., Fajans, S. S., Hockaday, T. D. R., Hockaday, J. M., Mann, J. I., Turner, R. C., Hockaday, T. D. R., Honour, A. J., Ikeda, Y., Saito, S., Matsuura, Y., Obayashi, N., Morimoto, Y., Sano, T., Abe, M., Jacouot, R., Felix, J. M., Legrele, C., Sutter-Dub, M. -Th., Sutter, B. Ch. J., Kammerer, L., Fehér, J., Lévai, J., Dénes, R., Stützel, M., Balázsi, I., Láng, I., Littmann, L., Karakash, C., Assimacopoulos, F., Katsilambros, N., Papadopoulos, G., Varonos, D., Daikos, G., Keen, H., Jarrett, R. J., Fuller, J. H., Kiesselbach, N. H. K., Puls, W., Keup, U., Kikkawa, Ryuichi, Duvillard, D., Ravazzola, M., Stauffacher, W., Köbberling, J., Kattermann, R., Kobberling, J., Creutzfeldt, W., Kohner, Eva M., Hamilton, A. M., Joplin, G. F., Blach, R. K., Fraser, T. R., Kolb, H. J., Weiss, L., Wieland, O. H., Korn, A., Waldhäusl, W., Bonelli, J., Magometsohnigg, D., Hitzenberger, G., Kramp, Robert C., Kremer, G. J., Atzpodien, W., Schnellbacher, B., Krug, B., Mialhe, P., Gross, R., Landgraf, R., Landgraf-Leurs, M., Klingenburg, M., Melamed, I., Hörl, R., Jun, István Láng, Littmann, László, Stützel, Mária, Balázsi, Imre, Langslow, Derek R., Buchanan, Keith D., Freeman, Barry M., Berezin, Meir, Mincu, I., Dumitrescu, C., Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C., Mihalache, N., Boboia, D., Stanescu, J., Ghise-Beer, E., Georgescu, St., Bruckner, I., Popa, I., Muggeo, M., Tiengo, A., Padovan, D., Molinari, M., Müller, Walter A., and Sharp, Geoffrey W. G.

Published
1974
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27. Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study Of Diabetes Southampton, England, September 15–17, 1971 Abstacts, Part 1

Author

Aboulker, J. P., Valleron, A. J., Papoz, L., Rathery, M., Adams, P. W., Munday, M. J., Oakley, N. W., Wynn, V., Andreani, D., Fallucca, F., Stirati, G., Tamburrano, G., Cinotti, G. A., Andreev, D., Tarkolev, N., Ditzov, S., Pencev, I., Ancreev, D., Sirskov, L., Arnold, R., Creutzfeldt, C., Deuticke, U., Frerichs, H., Track, N. S., Creutzfeldt, W., Asmal, A. C., Butterfieid, W. J. H., Karamanos, B., Whichelow, M. J., Butterfield, W. J. H., Cox, B. D., Ashcroft, S. J. H., Bassett, J. M., Randle, P. J., Asplund, K., Hellerström, C., Brolin, S. E., Berne, C., Edwards, John C., Petersson, B., Taylor, K. W., Assan, R., Hanoune, J., Attali, J. B., Tchobroutsky, G., Gross, G., Assimacopoulos, F., Orci, L., Rouiller, Ch., Jeanrenaud, B., Cameron, D. P., Amherdt, M., Mira, F., Stauffacher, W., Heindel, J. J., Cushman, S. W., Austoni, M., Federspil, G., Casara, D., Sieolo, N., Scandellari, C., Mastrogiacomo, I., Aynsley-Green, A., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Bacanu, Gh., Stoichescu, L., Nistor, F., Turcanu, V., Anghelescu, L., Bacchus, R. A., Meade, L. G., London, D. R., Baiasse, E. O., Barta, L., Brooser, G., Molnár, Maria, Belfiore, F., Vecchio, L. Lo, Napoli, E., Beyer, J., Cordes, U., Sell, G., Krall, N., Schöffling, K., Biebuyck, J. F., de Haan, B. Bierens, Scherrer, J. R., Pometta, D., Björntorp, P., Sjöström, L., Blach, R. K., Cheng, Hung, Bloom, S. R., Bojanowicz, K., Boquist, L., Brachet, E., Bruni, B., Capra, E., Büber, V., Felber, J. P., Buchanan, K. D., Connon, J. J., Buckle, R. M., Campeami, S., Campeanu, L., Ionesou, M., Cerasi, E., Luft, R., Efendic, S., Chabot, V., Gomez, F., Chiumello, G., del Guercio, M. J., Carnelutti, M., Christensen, Niels Juel, Iversen, J., Christiansen, Aa. Hein, Rasmussen, S. Munkgaard, Vø1und, Aa., Vólund, Aa., Clausen, T., Czyzyk, A., Szadkowski, M., Rogala, H., Lawecki, J., Davies, W. H., Martin, L. B., Mills, J. G., Vardey, C. J., Deckert, T., Lauridsen, U. Birk, Linde, J., Madsen, S. Nistrup, De Leeuw, I., Middelheim, A. Z., de Mowbray, R. R., Turner, J. J., Garner, S. D., Bruck, E., Nye, L., Triggs, S., Devlin, J. G., Varma, M., Kuti, J., Dumitrescu, C., Bolea-Feldman, M., Eschwege, E., Warnet, J. M., Richard, J. L., Menzinger, G., Javicoli, M., Fankhauser, S., Michl, J., Piemonte, G., Sicolo, N., Frezzato, S., Reffo, G. C., Luyckx, A., Lefebvre, P., Zaccaria, M., De Palo, C., Fernandes-Cruz, Jr., A., Lopiz-Quijada, C., Fernandez-Cruz, Jr., A., Otero, M. Luque, Fiedler, H., Hahn, H. J., Ziegler, Brigitte, Ziegler, M., Jutzi, E., Michael, R., Fischer, U., Hommel, H., Bibergeil, H., Förster, O., Rippel, W., Rudas, B., Franckson, J. R. M., Vanroux, R., Leclercq, R., Brunengraber, H., Ooms, H., Freytag, G., Klöppel, G., Fussgänger, R. D., Goberna, R., Schröder, K. E., Laube, H., Pfeiffer, E. F., Gazzola, G. C., Franchi, R., Ronchi, P., Saibene, E., Guidotti, G. G., Geldermans, C., Terpstra, J., Krans, H. M. J., Geser, C. A., Rattenhuber, E., Girard, J., Bal, D., Gligore, V., Mosora, N., Fekete, T., Beraru, T., Pipilian, V. V., Olteanu, L., Serban, A., Calusera, I., Holan, T., Miclutia, M., Gnudi, A., Coscelli, C., Ballerio, G., Palmari, V., Alpi, O., Cavazzini, G., Jéquier, E., Goth, E., Fövenyi, J., Hegedüs, A., Greco, A. V., Ghirlanda, G., Fedeli, G., Fenici, R., Gambassi, G., Grüneklee, D., Hessing, J., Daweke, H., Herberg, L., Gries, F. A., Guder, W., Wieland, O., Guillon, J., Bodic, L., Charbonnel, B., Hadden, D. R., Montgomery, D. A. D., Mayne, Elizabeth, Weaver, J. A., George E, Hahn, J., Richter, O., Steinhilber, S., Kerp, L., Heaney, S. J., Varma, S. K., Whyte, W. G., Walker, R. S., Hepp, K. D., Hellman, B., Lernmark, A., Sehlin, J., Täljedal, I. -B., Hinz, M., Katsilambros, N., Rahman, Y. Abdel, Schatz, H., Maier, V., Schröder, B., Howells, D. P. M., Jackson, R. A., Perry, G., Rogers, J., Advani, U., Jafflol, C., Baldet, L., Vierne, Y., Mirouze, J., Jansen, F. K., Jarrett, R. J., Keen, H., Kaeding, A., Kaffarnik, H., Heink, U., Gassel, W. D., Zöfel, P., Mylarch, K., Keller, U., and Froesch, E. R.

Published
1971
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29. Obesity:Preventing and managing the global epidemic

Author

Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J. L., Bray, George A, Carroll, K., Chitson, P., Chunming, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., Jéquier, E., Komodiki, C., Matsuzawa, Y., Mollentze, W. F., Moosa, K., Noor, M.I., Reddy, K.S., Seidell, J., Tanphaichitr, V., Uauy, R, and Zimmet, P.Z.

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Published
2000

38. In normal men, free fatty acids reduce peripheral but not splanchnic glucose uptake.

Author

Rigalleau, Vincent, Rigalleau, V, Binnert, C, Minehira, K, Stefanoni, N, Schneiter, P, Henchoz, E, Matzinger, O, Cayeux, C, Jéquier, E, and Tappy, L

Subjects
FATTY acids, GLUCOSE, GLUCONEOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGY, ABSORPTION
Abstract

Raising plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels reduces muscle glucose uptake, but the effect of FFAs on splanchnic glucose uptake, total glucose output, and glucose cycling may also be critical to producing lipid-induced glucose intolerance. In eight normal volunteers, we measured glucose turnover and cycling rates ([2H7]glucose infusion) during a moderately hyperglycemic (7.7 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic clamp, before and after ingestion of a labeled (dideuterated) oral glucose load (700 mg/kg). Each test was performed twice, with either a lipid or a saline infusion; four subjects also had a third test with a glycerol infusion. As shown by similar rates of exogenous glucose appearance, the lipid infusion did not reduce first-pass splanchnic glucose uptake (saline 1.48+/-0.18, lipid 1.69+/-0.17, and glycerol 1.88+/-0.17 mmol/kg per 180 min; NS), but it reduced peripheral glucose uptake by 40% (P < 0.01 vs. both saline and glycerol infusions). Before oral ingestion of glucose, total glucose output was similarly increased by the lipid and glycerol infusions. Total glucose output was significantly increased by FFAs after oral ingestion of glucose (saline 3.68+/-1.15, glycerol 3.68+/-1.70, and lipid 7.92+/-0.88 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01 vs. saline and P < 0.05 vs. glycerol). The glucose cycling rate was approximately 2.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) with the three infusions and tended to decrease all along the lipid infusion, which argues against a stimulation of glucose-6-phosphatase by FFAs. It is concluded that in situations of moderate hyperinsulinemia-hyperglycemia, FFAs reduce peripheral but not splanchnic glucose uptake. Total glucose output is increased by FFAs, by a mechanism that does not seem to involve stimulation of glucose-6-phosphatase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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41. Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise measured by13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans: effect of nutritional solutions.

Author

Rotman, S., Slotboom, J., Kreis, R., Boesch, C., and Jéquier, E.

Abstract

The rate of glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle after glycogen-depleting exercise is known to depend on carbohydrate intake and is reported to reach a platean after an adequate amount of carbohydrate (CHO) consumption. Efforts to maximize the rate of glycogen storage by changing the type and form of CHO, as well as by adding proteins or lipids have yielded inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to assess whether isocaloric addition of proteins and arginine to a CHO diet in the first 4 h after an endurance exercise would increase the rate of glycogen synthesis. The CHO solution, given twice at a 2 h interval according to earlier optimized protocols, contained 1.7 g CHO kgbody weight. The effects of this solution were compared to those of an isocaloric solution containing 1.2 g CHO/kgbody weight plus 0.5 g protein/kgbody weight (including 5 g arginine). Glycogen was measured in quadriceps muscle in vivo with natural abundance13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy before exercise and twice after exercise, before and at the end of a 4-h period following the intake of one of the solutions. Eight subjects took part in a randomized cross-over trial separated by at least 1 week. Glycogen synthesis was found to be significantly increased with both regimes compared to a zero-caloric placebo diet, but no significant difference in glycogen resynthesis was found between the CHO-only diet and the one supplemented by proteins and arginine. It is estimated that significance would have been reached for an increase of 34%, while the effectively measured synthesis rates only differed by 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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