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A new, moderately large shell of a fossil species from the family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 is described from the Middle Miocene at Bengbreng Hill, West Java, Indonesia. The shell of this new species is related to species of the genus Clavilithes Swainson, 1840. The characteristics of a globular body whorl, low spire, and moderately long siphonal canal, distinguish it from species of the genus Clavilithes that have a fusiform shape, high spire, and usually long siphonal canal. This leads to its placement in a new genus Indolithes new genus. The new fossil species is compared with two other fossil species of Fasciolariidae from Java, Clavilithes fennemai (K. Martin, 1906) and C. verbeeki (K. Martin, 1895). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrozoobenthos communities play significant ecological roles in coral reef ecosystems. However, they are frequently overlooked due to their cryptic appearance, and their diversity remains undiscovered, particularly in Indonesia. This comprehensive review of publications on the macrozoobenthos in the coral reef ecosystems of Java - the most populated island in Indonesia, was conducted to compile a species list and gain an overview of its community composition. We also assessed the existence of species that are frequently reported, endemic, protected, and threatened. Data analysis was performed with data from 53 publications appearing from the 1980s to 2022. In total, 482 species belonging to 4 phyla and 9 classes have been recorded. Mollusca is the most speciose phylum (n = 321), followed by Echinodermata (n = 106), Arthropoda (n = 49), and Platyhelminthes (n = 6). Generally, the northern part of Java is well studied and has larger numbers of recorded phyla and species. The highest species number (n = 266) has been recorded off the northern coast of West Java, while there are around 25–99 species in other regions. Echinoderms species such as Culcita novaeguineae, Diadema setosum, Echinothrix calamaris, and Holothuria atra had relatively higher occurrences than other taxa. We also noted the occurrence of giant clam Hippopus hippopus, which is protected by Indonesian law. This review provides fundamental knowledge of macrozoobenthic diversity in the coral reefs of Java, making it available to global audiences. However, it revealed a lack of research on benthic fauna in several areas with moderate to good coral cover conditions. Further research is needed to explore macrozoobenthic species richness in this region thoroughly, and periodic monitoring is essential to provide early warnings of possible changes and biodiversity loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poor prognosis and higher mortality of chronic kidney disease are linked with cultural beliefs and practices. This study explored cultural beliefs and practices of Javanese people with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for ≥5 years. Methods: A qualitative narrative inquiry was applied in this study. Data were collected through in-depth narrative interviews, followed by text messages, calls, and audio-visual calls for 6 weeks. Results: There were 14 participants; their mean age was 51.15 years and hemodialysis duration was 5 years and 2 months up to 10 years and 9 months. Four themes emerged: life-and-death acceptance, expectation of end-of-life care, contemplation of withdrawal from hemodialysis, and wishing for a good death. Discussion: Life values guided the ability to survive for the individual. Adherence to renal disease management regimen clashed with cultural values on occasions, such as social gatherings. Therefore, the unmet needs of patients should be addressed with a transcultural approach to modify personal health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two moderate earthquakes struck the South-Central part of Java Island (in Indonesia's archipelago) with Mw 5.7 and Mw 5.9 on June 06 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Both earthquakes were followed by ~100 aftershocks with widespread and strong impacts along Java Island where some regions suffered several damages. In this study, both earthquake mechanisms were derived from the Bayesian moment tensor inversion and configure a unique faulting with a thrusting mechanism that is striking perpendicularly with the trench in the N–S direction. The results of the hypocenter relocation, using an updated 1-D velocity model, show that the aftershocks of the Mw 5.9 occurred deeper than the interface zone, while the aftershocks of the Mw 5.7 were located shallower above the slab. Both earthquakes can robustly confirm possible evidence of different faulting vertically clustered above the intraslab zone. The Mw 5.9 can be assumed as the backstop system dipping to the east–west direction, while Mw 5.7 is the backthrust system with south-dipping. Furthermore, a broad impact of both earthquakes on the resilience of MMI VI intensity with PGA value > 100 gal can be used to update the mitigation plan for the intraslab earthquake in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Android is a popular choice for mobile operating systems. It was essentially designed for mobile touch-screen devices, such tablets and smartphones. Many programming languages are being used to design application for android operating systems. Android programming can be made incisive, cross-platform, and amusing with the help of Kotlin. Since the beginning, Java has been the main programming language for Android development and is still in high stipulation. Programming on a wider scale is made easier for android applications on Scala. It is a general-purpose, practical programming language. For creating rapid apps on any platform, Dart is a client-optimized programming language used for android application development. Here in this paper, we are going to scrutinize these languages based on several factors like implementation and effectiveness, cross-platform compatibility and android runtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the human toll of the 1944–1945 famine in Java, Indonesia's main island. It estimates birth and death rates for the Indonesian population in Java during 1941–1951. Using the net population loss method, the article approximates a net loss of 3.3 million people during the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation period. This includes 1.8 million excess deaths; 0.7 million during 1944 and 1.1 million during 1945. The remainder are 1.4 million missing births in 1944 and 1945, associated with the malnutrition of women of childbearing ages and physical separation of wives from husbands recruited by Japanese authorities for forced labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an increase in the complexity of Java software development and a change in the scope of projects, including an increase in the number of modules in projects. The multi-modularity of projects, although it improves manageability to a certain extent, but often creates a number of problems that can complicate development and, a problem that will appear in the future, require more resources to support. This article will analyze the main problems of monolithic multi-module Java projects and will try to consider a number of possible solutions to overcome the above problems. The article discusses the peculiarities of working with multi-module monolithic projects using Java as the main programming language. The purpose of this article is to identify features and obstacles using the above architectural approach of the software, analysis of the main possible issues of working with the monolithic multi-module Java projects, as well as providing recommendations for eliminating these obstacles or describing the features of the process that could help engineers in supporting this kind of projects. In other word the main goal of this work is to create recommendations, provide modern best practices for working with monolithic multi-modular software architecture and the most popular modern technological solutions used in corporate development. The proposed recommendations allow the team, primarily developers and the engineering side, to avoid possible obstacles that lead to the loss of efficiency of the monolithic software development process. The most important advantage, from the recommendations given in the article, is the optimization of resource costs (time, money and labor) for the development process. As a result of the article, a general list of recommendations was obtained, which allows the developer to better analyze what changes in the project should (if necessary) be made to optimize the development, assembly and deployment processes of a monolithic Java project, as well as advice before designing new software to avoid the main obstacles of monolithic architecture in the future.

The environmental crisis has triggered green markets and eco-consciousness. Java is facing severe ecological stress. Ecopreneurship is then seen as a job creator and conservation tool. However, obstacles such as scarce resources remain among entrepreneurs. Universities play a crucial role in promoting eco-awareness and nurturing aspiring ecopreneurs. This study aims to analyze the role of three pillars of external support for education, government, and technology in self-efficacy and ecopreneurship intentions among Java Island students. This study involved 309 undergraduate (S1) students from state and private universities in Java in different specialization programs, based on the criteria, who attended and passed the entrepreneurship course program. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that eco-educational support was found to significantly enhance ecopreneurial self-efficacy, aligning with prior research emphasizing the importance of recognition, curriculum, industry collaboration, and business ecosystem in fostering self-efficacy. Similarly, eco-educational support positively influences ecopreneurial intention, reinforcing the significance of educational initiatives in promoting green business ventures. Governmental assistance, including financial aid and pro-environment policies, was identified as crucial in bolstering both self-efficacy and intention for ecopreneurship. Moreover, the support of information technology positively affects self-efficacy and intention, indicating its role in facilitating access to resources and fostering confidence among aspiring ecopreneurs. The study also highlighted the mediating role of self-efficacy, suggesting its importance in bridging external support with entrepreneurial intentions. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of holistic support systems in cultivating a generation of environmentally conscious entrepreneurs. AcknowledgmentThis study is funded by the Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (Grant No. 38248/UN38.15/LK.04.00/2023) Universitas Negeri Surabaya.

Agriculture's sustainability is a subject of concern, and digital farming technology has been proposed to solve this problem. The digital revolution is transforming agriculture by utilizing modern equipment, computerized tools, and information and communication technology (ICT) to improve decision-making and productivity. Digital farming technology enables even inexperienced farmers to apply such techniques by using the IoT and AI to collect and analyze data from their farming practices and the surrounding environment to improve productivity. The versatile mapping platform Mapbox is utilized to construct the map, which allows for custom data layer integration and interactive features. Backend development is performed using the Java programming language, which facilitates seamless data processing, storage, and retrieval. The interactive map allows for dynamic overlays of crucial information, such as plot numbers, measurements, crop details, crop health assessments, NDVI, RGB, and DEM. The study involved data collection, analysis of the data, and thematic layer development using GIS to create interactive maps. In this research, two sets of DJI drones, Agisoft Metashape software, QGIS, and Mapbox were used to collect and prepare the data for the interactive map. The data was used to create the results, which were web maps that had several interactive features, such as "display popup on hover, " "swipe between maps, " and "change a map's style." The result was a thematic layer of information such as RGB, NDVI, DEM, and other field information. This research demonstrated the benefits and applicability of information technology for digital transformation in agriculture under the DX Project launched at Niigata University, Japan. This aids in the goal of producing interactive agricultural maps based on map classification, content element analysis, the development of GIS capabilities, and remote sensing data.

In 1899 Dé-Lilah, pseudonym of Lucy van Renesse-Johnston (1862-1906), published a travel story in two parts, Mevrouw Klausine Klobben op Java (Mrs Klausine Klobben on Java). It was an account of an early tourist trip she had made in 1896. According to Van Renesse, she undertook her journey to do environmental research on Java as well as ethnographic research on the native and European inhabitants of the island. But that was just a pretext for a woman who travelled alone to climb volcanoes, visit shrines and talk to the various inhabitants of Java. She was able to do so because as a Eurasian woman, in addition to Dutch, she spoke fluent Malay. But contrary to her claims, it was never her intention to write a scientific travelogue. From the very beginning, she wanted to write a humorous travel story along the lines of the popular German author Julius Stinde (1841-1905). By taking his work as an example, she wrote a satirical story about travel on Java, at a time when tourism had hardly begun in the Netherlands East Indies.

Cheminformatics is the research field that deals with information about chemical systems. This includes the chemical structure which is used in computational chemistry where quantum chemistry is too complex. The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) was one of the first Open Science libraries in chemistry, co-founded in The Netherlands. The source code goes as far back as 1997 and has been maintained for more than 25 years. The CDK is used by many tools in drug discovery, computational toxicology, and bioinformatics. This project will develop improvements to the core library and update tools using the CDK to use the latest release.

Abstract-Method overriding is a valuable mechanism that happens when an instance method is defined in a subclass and has the same signature and return type as an instance method in the superclass. However, in Java, if those methods are static, then instead method hiding happens, which is a programming weakness and may produce unexpected results. Static analysis is an approach in software testing that examines code to identify various programming weaknesses throughout the software development process without running it. This paper addresses the detection of method-hiding problem in Java programs. We implemented a new automated checker under the SpotBugs static analysis tool that can detect the mentioned problem. According to our results, the checker precisely detected the related issues in both custom test cases and real-world programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosewoods are among the most valuable traded hardwoods, and there is a significant illegal trade. From 2017 onwards the international trade in all species of Dalbergia rosewood is regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. I focus on two species of rosewood that occur in parts of Indonesia, Dalbergia latifolia and D. sissoo, to assess the extent of the illegal trade and to analyse geographical and temporal patterns of wildlife crime. Based on 67 seizure reports from 2014 to 2022 I show that (a) 117 logs of D. sissoo and 4,285 logs of D. latifolia were confiscated, (b) seizures occurred on the islands of Sumatra (16 seizures; 1,190 logs), Java (43; 1,780 logs), and Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Timor (8; 1,408 logs), (c) while there was an increase in the number of seizures per year, there were no seasonal differences in seizure activities. For 10% of the logs there was supporting evidence that they were taken from State managed forests and 18% was taken from conservation areas, thus causing more damage than just the removal of individual trees. Seizures in Indonesia over this period equals 0.12 ± 0.04% of the legal rosewood export. The illegal trade is dominated by Indonesians rather than foreign nationals and the direction of trade is towards Java from where > 95% will be exported to China. While policies are in place concerning rosewood seizures and stockpiling (including auctioning or destruction) in practise it is unclear where seized rosewood ends up. When used with caution, analysis of seizure data offers a valuable means to gain insights in illicit activities that normally remain hidden from view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software projects grow larger every year, which, in turn, makes the testing process harder. One of the most useful methods for testing large projects is unit‐test generation. However, some tests can repeatedly cover the same parts of the code, making it difficult to maintain a growing test codebase. In software testing, test suite minimization plays a crucial role in reducing the cost of testing and improving the efficiency of the testing process. In this paper, we provide an extensible minimization engine that detects redundant tests using one of the supported minimization algorithms without changing the coverage metrics. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of existing approaches and techniques, developed an engine structure, and implemented multiple algorithms of different kinds. Finally, we evaluated our tool on various open‐source projects to demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Animal and plant colouration presents a striking dimension of phenotypic variation, the study of which has driven general advances in ecology, evolution, and animal behaviour. Quantitative Colour Pattern Analysis (QCPA) is a dynamic framework for analysing colour patterns through the eyes of non-human observers. However, its extensive array of user-defined image processing and analysis tools means image analysis is often time-consuming. This hinders the full use of analytical power provided by QCPA and its application to large datasets. Here, we offer a robust and comprehensive batch script, allowing users to automate many QCPA workflows. We also provide a complimentary set of useful R scripts for downstream data extraction and analysis. The presented batch processing extension will empower users to further utilise the analytical power of QCPA and facilitate the development of customised semi-automated workflows. Such quantitatively scaled workflows are crucial for exploring colour pattern spaces and developing ever-richer frameworks for analysing organismal colouration accounting for visual perception in animals other than humans. These advances will, in turn, facilitate testing hypotheses on the function and evolution of vision and signals at quantitative and qualitative scales, which are otherwise computationally unfeasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to support the learning of novice students in Java programming, the web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) has been developed. JPLAS offers several types of exercise problems to foster code reading and writing skills at different levels. In JPLAS, the code writing problem (CWP) asks a student to write a source code that will pass the test code given in the assignment where the correctness is verified by running them on JUnit. In this paper, to reduce the teacher's workload during the marking process, we present the answer code validation program that verifies all the source codes from a large number of students for each assignment and reports the number of passing tests for each source code in the CSV file. Besides, to test a source code with various input data, we implement the test data generation algorithm that identifies the data type, generates new data, and replaces it for each test data in the test code. Furthermore, to verify the correctness of the implemented procedures in the source code, we introduce the intermediate state testing in the test code. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to source codes and test codes in a Java programming course in Okayama university, Japan, and confirmed the validity and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Neosimnia P. Fisher, 1884, is reported for the first time from Indonesia in the form of several fossil species, recovered together from the Miocene deposits of Tasikmalaya, West Java. The species described closely resemble their current Atlantic counterparts, of which they exhibit all the modern characteristics. Nevertheless, they are undoubtedly new to science, as no living or fossil specimens of this genus are known from the Indian Ocean or the Western Pacific Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheminformatics is the research field that deals with information about chemical systems. This includes the chemical structure which is used in computational chemistry where quantum chemistry is too complex. The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) was one of the first Open Science libraries in chemistry, co-founded in The Netherlands. The source code goes as far back as 1997 and has been maintained for more than 25 years. The CDK is used by many tools in drug discovery, computational toxicology, and bioinformatics. This project will develop improvements to the core library and update tools using the CDK to use the latest release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are of significance in tuning and buffering gene expression. Despite abundant analysis tools that have been developed in the last two decades, plant miRNA identification from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data remains challenging. Here, we show that we can train a convolutional neural network to accurately identify plant miRNAs from NGS data. Based on our methods, we also present a user-friendly pure Java-based software package called Small RNA-related Intelligent and Convenient Analysis Tools (SRICATs). SRICATs encompasses all the necessary steps for plant miRNA analysis. Our results indicate that SRICATs outperforms currently popular software tools on the test data from five plant species. For non-commercial users, SRICATs is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/sricats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture's sustainability is a subject of concern, and digital farming technology has been proposed to solve this problem. The digital revolution is transforming agriculture by utilizing modern equipment, computerized tools, and information and communication technology (ICT) to improve decision-making and productivity. Digital farming technology enables even inexperienced farmers to apply such techniques by using the IoT and AI to collect and analyze data from their farming practices and the surrounding environment to improve productivity. The versatile mapping platform Mapbox is utilized to construct the map, which allows for custom data layer integration and interactive features. Backend development is performed using the Java programming language, which facilitates seamless data processing, storage, and retrieval. The interactive map allows for dynamic overlays of crucial information, such as plot numbers, measurements, crop details, crop health assessments, NDVI, RGB, and DEM. The study involved data collection, analysis of the data, and thematic layer development using GIS to create interactive maps. In this research, two sets of DJI drones, Agisoft Metashape software, QGIS, and Mapbox were used to collect and prepare the data for the interactive map. The data was used to create the results, which were web maps that had several interactive features, such as "display popup on hover," "swipe between maps," and "change a map's style." The result was a thematic layer of information such as RGB, NDVI, DEM, and other field information. This research demonstrated the benefits and applicability of information technology for digital transformation in agriculture under the DX Project launched at Niigata University, Japan. This aids in the goal of producing interactive agricultural maps based on map classification, content element analysis, the development of GIS capabilities, and remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of databases is to allow for the persistence of data, no matter if they are of the SQL or NoSQL type. In SQL databases, data are structured in a set of tables in the relational database model, grouped in rows and columns. CRUD operations (create, read, update, and delete) are used to manage the information contained in relational databases. Several dialects of the SQL language exist, as well as frameworks for mapping Java classes (models) to a relational database. The question is what we should choose for our Java application, and why? A comparison of the most frequently used relational database management systems, mixed with the most frequently used frameworks should give us some guidance about when to use what. The evaluation is conducted based on the time taken for each CRUD operation to run, from thousands to hundreds of thousands of entries, using the possible combinations in the relational database system and the framework. Aiming to assess and improve the performance, the experiments included the possibility of warming-up the Java Virtual Machine before the execution of queries. Also, the research investigated the time spent using different methods of code to determine the critical regions (bottlenecks). Thus, the conclusions provide a comprehensive overview of the performances of Java applications accessing databases depending on the suite decisions considering the database type, the framework in use, and the type of operation, with clear comparisons between the alternatives, the key findings of the advantages and drawbacks of each of them, and supporting architects and developers in their technological decisions and improving the speed of their programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than most other stone inscriptions from pre-Islamic Java, the Minto stone (Sangguran charter) has broad name recognition in Indonesia today. The story of the stone's removal, more than two hundred years ago during the British occupation of Java, from its original setting in the mountainous area north-west of Malang to its current location at the Minto Estate in the Scottish Borders, has stimulated popular imagination. Given the ever-increasing global relevance of the issue of the repatriation of heritage items to their countries of origin, this prestigious stone stele has become the object of significant media attention and is one of the highest priorities among the artefacts which the Indonesian government hopes to bring home. Compared with how much public attention is given to the issue of where the stone belongs, very little attention has been paid to the textual content of the charter engraved on it. In these pages, we attempt to recentre attention on the inscription as a document of intrinsic historical interest. To this end, we first investigate the provenance of the stone. We then review its heritage status, drawing attention to its significance for the local community. Our focus, however, is on the philological study of the inscribed text, of which we present—for the first time—a complete version. This version is based on direct inspection and high-resolution images of the stone, accompanied by an integral translation reflecting the state of scholarly understanding of Old Javanese epigraphy. The epigraphic core of this study is then followed by a discussion of some of the historical implications of the text. Among the topics we review are the chronology and nature of the shifting of political power from Central to East Java in the tenth century CE as well as the culinary and material aspects of communal feasts in that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An executable Java software, netGen, for visualizing networks was developed in present study. An interactive network can be visualized from the specified text or csv data file by using netGen. netGen is useful to visualize both undirected and directed networks. Both netGen and demonstration data files are given.

Various static code analysis tools have been designed to automatically detect software faults and security vulnerabilities. This paper aims to 1) conduct an empirical evaluation to assess the performance of five free and state-of-the-art static analysis tools in detecting Java security vulnerabilities using a well-defined and repeatable approach; 2) report on the vulnerabilities that are best and worst detected by static Java analyzers. We used the Juliet benchmark test suite in a controlled experiment to assess the effectiveness of five widely used Java static analysis tools. The vulnerabilities were successfully detected by one, two, or three tools. Only one vulnerability has been detected by four tools. The tools missed 13% of the Java vulnerability categories appearing in our experiment. More critically, none of the five tools could identify all the vulnerabilities in our experiment. We conclude that, despite recent improvements in their methodologies, current state-of-the-art static analysis tools are still ineffective for identifying the security vulnerabilities occurring in a small-scale, artificial test suite.

This article analyses the recent evolution of street-level, small-scale Muslim economies in Java, Indonesia, and the role they have been playing as cultural and material infrastructure for Islamic morality discourses in the wake of the pivotal Aksi Bela Islam 212 (Defend Islam Action 212) rally in Jakarta on 2 December 2016. These small-scale economies are instances of the devolution of halal consumerism in Indonesia, which flows in turn from changes in the landscape of political Islam. These street-level economies provide political Islam with the solidarity of a Muslim cooperative structure, commodifying symbols associated with the rally. Three case studies are presented in support of these arguments. The first is the 212 Cooperative, a chain of minimarts known as '212 Marts' designed as a Muslim alternative to the ubiquitous market forerunners such as Indomaret and Alfamart. Second, we describe an ecosystem of exchange that has evolved around new mosque-based programmes that have invigorated human traffic in and around mosques in Bandung and Yogyakarta. Our third case study is the small-scale lapak traders who follow particular celebrity preachers as they tour, and who operate after Friday prayers. These cases reveal the growing importance of low-end economies (involving low-priced commodities, consumers with relatively low buying capacity, and small-scale traders) in the development of halal consumerism in Indonesia and point to their role in perpetuating morality discourses associated with the 212 rally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plukenetia volubilis L. has been documented as a new record for the first time in Java, Indonesia. The species is easily distinguished from the native species, P. corniculata Sm., by its exstipellate basilaminar-glands, long cylindrical column, and wingless fruit-lobes. Plukenetia volubilis is cultivated mainly in South America for its beneficial values as food and medicine and was recently introduced to Asia. However, its occurrence in Java has not been reported. We collected specimens from West Java (Depok City, Bandung Barat and Sumedang Regency) and East Java (Malang Regency). Morphological description, identification key, and photographs of the species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated within the discussion of mega-urbanization, a particular urbanization process that entails a large-scale agglomeration. In this paper, our focus is on urbanization in Java, Indonesia's most dynamic region. We add to the literature by investigating the change and prediction of the land use/land cover (LULC) of mega-urbanization in Java. This research uses a vector machine approach to support the classification of land cover change dynamics, cellular automata-Markov (CA Markov), and the Klassen typology technique. This paper indicates that major metropolitan areas are still expanding in terms of built-up areas, generating a larger urban agglomeration. However, attention should be also given to the urbanization process outside existing metropolis' boundaries given that more than half of the built-up land coverage in Java is located in non-metropolitan areas. In terms of future direction, the projection results for 2032 show that the Conservative scenario can reduce and slow down the increase in built-up land on the island of Java. On the other hand, the Spatial Plan (RTRW) scenario facilitates a rapid increase in the LULC of built-up land from 2019. The urban spatial dynamics in Java raises challenges for urban and regional planning as the process is taking place across multiple administrative authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and tool developers working on dynamic analysis, software testing, automated program repair, verification, and validation, need large compiled, compilable, and executable code corpora to test their ideas. The publicly available corpora are relatively small, and/or non-compilable, and/or non-executable. Developing a compiled code corpus is a laborious activity demanding significant manual effort and human intervention. To facilitate large-scale program analysis research, we develop SourcererJBF, a Java Build Framework that can automatically build a large Java code corpus without project-specific instructions and human intervention. To generate a compiled code corpus, SourcererJBF creates an offline knowledge base by collecting external dependencies from the project directories and existing build scripts (if available). It constructs indices of those collected external dependencies that enable a fast search for resolving dependencies during the project compilation. As the output of the large-scale compilation, it produces JAigantic, a compilable Java corpus containing compiled projects, their bytecode, dependencies, normalized build script, and build command. We evaluated SourcererJBF's effectiveness, correctness, performance, and scalability in a large collection of Java projects. Our experimental results demonstrate that SourcererJBF is significantly effective and scalable in building large Java code corpus. Besides, it substantiates reasonable performance and correctness similar to projects' existing build systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we conduct a measurement study to comprehensively compare the accuracy impacts of multiple embedding options in cryptographic API completion tasks. Embedding is the process of automatically learning vector representations of program elements. Our measurement focuses on design choices of three important aspects, program analysis preprocessing, token-level embedding, and sequence-level embedding. Our findings show that program analysis is necessary even under advanced embedding. The results show 36.20% accuracy improvement, on average, when program analysis preprocessing is applied to transfer bytecode sequences into API dependence paths. With program analysis and the token-level embedding training, the embedding dep2vec improves the task accuracy from 55.80% to 92.04%. Moreover, only a slight accuracy advantage (0.55%, on average) is observed by training the expensive sequence-level embedding compared with the token-level embedding. Our experiments also suggest the differences made by the data. In the cross-app learning setup and a data scarcity scenario, sequence-level embedding is more necessary and results in a more obvious accuracy improvement (5.10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 is described fromthe Miocene of theCibalong area, Tasikmalaya Regency of western Java, Indonesia. Morphological analyses of theshell dimensions, outline, extremities, aperture shape, and apertural teeth shows a combinationofcharacters that are typical of the genus Bistolida. Although the genus has not previouslybeenreported from Java, its presence in the Miocene fossil record is supported by the six specimens that are shown here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary landscape of education is witnessing a paradigm shift toward innovative instructional methods, with the flipped learning approach gaining considerable attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of the flipped learning approach on students' perception and acceptance throughout an entire semester in the 'Introduction to Programming with Java' course. The research utilized a research design with a quantitative approach, ultimately aiming to inform educational practice and advance our knowledge of innovative teaching methods in higher education. This study was conducted at a university with 174 students involved, divided into two groups: 87 students in the experimental group and 87 students in the control group. The data collected through the scales were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques in statistical software. At the end of the measurements, the technology acceptance level and self-directed learning perceptions of engineering students who received education with flipped learning were high. The results suggest that educators should consider students' readiness for self-directed learning when implementing the flipped learning approach and focus on creating an environment that supports their autonomy and engagement. This research offers valuable guidance for instructors, curriculum designers, and educational policymakers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of flipped learning in higher education courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation is a critical factor in object-oriented programming languages and design patterns. Nevertheless, programs written in languages like Java may encounter broken encapsulation due to the lack of sufficient supply for ownership and immutability. As a result, this paper introduces SlimeJava, an ownership system extension based on abstract syntax trees and annotation utilization of Java that aims to help programmers prevent representation exposure. We show the features of the proposal with a motivating example using the Memento pattern. We then discuss how the utilization of annotations realizes ownership and why it is effective in avoiding representation exposure issues by comparing it with existing approaches. In the end, a quantitative performance evaluation was conducted to prove that SlimeJava does not cause a substantial overhead in execution time compared to native Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the country with the largest archipelago in the world, with a total of seventeen thousand islands. The term 'maritime nation' has actually been surging through stories of local wisdom (culture), but during the colonial period, the term lost its original significance and Indonesia came to be treated as if it were an agrarian country. This paper shows that Indonesian maritime society contains various inherited values of religiosity, including myths, legends, folklore, and oral traditions about marine cosmology. Folklore, myths, and legends have an important position in society, not only referring to cultural traditions but also containing religious or theological values that are closely related to the identity of the Indonesian nation. This paper studies the mythical figure of Nyi Roro Kidul who is considered the sea guardian. The legend surrounding the figure of Nyi Roro Kidul can serve as an important trope to develop a contextual Javanese eco-pneumatology [Holy Spirit] and help address some of the contemporary ecological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new computing paradigms such as mobile grids and clouds become more commonplace, mobile devices are becoming increasingly attractive to scientists and HPC users who need high-performance computing capabilities. There are still many challenges to design software that uses mobile devices, such as their restricted capabilities compared to traditional devices such as PCs and servers. It's even more critical to remember that batteries are the primary power source for mobile devices. Thus people delete programmes that severely reduce their battery life. The upshot is that it is common for developers to have no idea how much power specific hardware and software components use. So even if they have been trained in software development, they still require specific standards and skills to design energy-efficient apps. This Paper investigates ways to minimize mobile device energy usage by restructuring source code. However, we did not overlook the prospect of applying our findings to other domains, such as recurring demanding computational cores in scientific applications. Specifically, this research contributes to the field of Green Computing and mobile software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the representation of space and belonging in Javanese literature, I will use Suparto Brata's novel Donyane wong culika (The World of the Untrustworthy, 2004) as a case study. Firstly, I will focus on how literary, linguistic and epistemological features shape and give meaning to Javanese spatiality and on how the references to Javanese customs, literary and cultural traditions, and the Javanese mind in the twentieth century may address and evoke feelings of belonging. Secondly, as the novel features historical events as a kind of backdrop, I will pay attention to what Le Juez and Richardson (2019) call the perceptions of associated loci and on how these loci articulate individual and collective memories of the 1965–66 events, a traumatic period in postcolonial Indonesian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legend of Siti Jenar is among the most widely known and controversial tales in Javanese Islamic literature. While the details vary enormously, the core of the story is the same. Siti Jenar is the saint (wali) who passes beyond religion, as it is usually defined. He comes to know that there is ultimately only one reality -- that of Allah -- and that we all share in it. He is put on trial for publicly proclaiming the doctrine of the unity of being (wahdat al-wujud) that identifies the human soul with the essence of Allah (dat) and for rejecting modes of ritual performance required by Shari’ah including the Friday prayer. He was then executed on orders from the other wali. There are many versions of the story in Javanese chronicles (babad) and religious texts. Many more that circulate as oral tradition. There is a continuous string of new books, most of the in Indonesian instead of Javanese and websites retelling the story for contemporary audiences.

Macrozoobenthos communities play significant ecological roles in coral reef ecosystems. However, they are frequently overlooked due to their cryptic appearance, and their diversity remains undiscovered, particularly in Indonesia. This comprehensive review of publications on the macrozoobenthos in the coral reef ecosystems of Java - the most populated island in Indonesia, was conducted to compile a species list and gain an overview of its community composition. We also assessed the existence of species that are frequently reported, endemic, protected, and threatened. Data analysis was performed with data from 53 publications appearing from the 1980s to 2022. In total, 482 species belonging to 4 phyla and 9 classes have been recorded. Mollusca is the most speciose phylum (n = 321), followed by Echinodermata (n = 106), Arthropoda (n = 49), and Platyhelminthes (n = 6). Generally, the northern part of Java is well studied and has larger numbers of recorded phyla and species. The highest species number (n = 266) has been recorded off the northern coast of West Java, while there are around 25–99 species in other regions. Echinoderms species such as Culcita novaeguineae, Diadema setosum, Echinothrix calamaris, and Holothuria atra had relatively higher occurrences than other taxa. We also noted the occurrence of giant clam Hippopus hippopus, which is protected by Indonesian law. This review provides fundamental knowledge of macrozoobenthic diversity in the coral reefs of Java, making it available to global audiences. However, it revealed a lack of research on benthic fauna in several areas with moderate to good coral cover conditions. Further research is needed to explore macrozoobenthic species richness in this region thoroughly, and periodic monitoring is essential to provide early warnings of possible changes and biodiversity loss.

Healthcare monitoring frameworks emerged as one of the most essential frameworks and innovations established over the last decade. As a result of failing to provide adequate clinical attention to patients at the appropriate time, many people are facing the possibility of an untimely death. Ultimately, the goal was to develop an IoT-based integrated healthcare monitoring framework that could be relied upon by healthcare professionals to screen their patients, whether they were in the hospital or at home, to ensure that they were being well-cared for. Sensors, an information acquisition unit, a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino), and a product modification were used to construct a mobile phone-based remote healthcare monitoring framework that may provide continuous web-based data about a patient's physiological states (i.e., JAVA). The framework checks, displays, and stores the patient's temperature, heart rate, and EEG data before sending it out on the specialist's portable device with the application. In this way, an IoT-based patient monitoring framework may effectively monitor a patient's health state and save their life on time.

We propose a Java library, called robustDEA, facilitating the exploration of all scenarios pertinent to Data Envelopment Analysis. These scenarios encompass feasible weights for inputs and outputs, other model parameter values, and the performances of units under examination. The software conducts robustness analysis employing either ratio-based or additive value efficiency models. The integrated methods employ mathematical programming to deliver precise, robust outcomes and Monte Carlo simulations for generating stochastic acceptability indices. The software considers various dimensions of efficiency – scores, pairwise relations, and rankings – while accommodating user-defined preferences through linear constraints and the hierarchical structure of indicators. It has been applied to real-world problems across economics, energy, healthcare, and transport.

This research examines the transition from Scratch to Java programming, highlighting high achievement among participants. The study includes 70 students and utilizes mixed methods, combining quantitative analysis and qualitative narratives. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Scratch Visual Teaching Aids (VTA) in developing educational games, understanding algorithm concepts, and improving programming projects. Students' attitudes towards Scratch VTA show increased interest, concentration, and enjoyment in learning. Quantitative analysis indicates positive tool capabilities (mean scores ranging from 3.25 to 3.46). Qualitative narratives reveal varying perceptions of the transition, with prior programming knowledge influencing the shift. Challenges include adapting to the learning session and mastering Java's syntax and concepts. This study enhances programming education practices, providing recommendations for educators during the Scratch-to-Java transition.

Basic needs are an aspect that cannot be separated from human life, and one of the important aspects of these basic needs is clothing which not only functions to protect the body but also plays a role in the world of fashion. To meet these fashion needs, tailoring services have a key role in providing clothes that suit consumer desires. While this need is important, customers often rely on conventional methods, such as word-of-mouth recommendations or seeking out a familiar tailor. Some tailors may have a sign in front of their house, but it is often difficult for potential customers to find and connect with them. Therefore, this research aims to implement a tailor service ordering application that is integrated with geolocation features and can make things easier for tailors and consumers. This application development uses the Java programming language and Android Studio as the framework and Firebase as the database. The result of this research is an application that allows customers to order tailor services via smartphone anywhere and anytime.

The church is a gathering place for Christians to carry out worship. The Sumbawa Redeemer Catholic Church is a church that originates from Sumbawa Besar Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. This Catholic Church is the only church in Sumbawa Regency. The purpose of this research is to make the Application of the Catholic Church of the Redeemer of Sumbawa. using the waterfall design method and the ADDIE model. The data collection method was carried out using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) method, use cases and activity diagrams ere used as analysis and design tools. The programming languages used include Kotlin and Java, the software used includes the IDE Android Studio 4.0, MS. This research yielded results, namely a program that can be used to make it easier for people to find information about the Sumbawa Redeemer Catholic Church

An integrative Java software, visual3D 1.0, for 3D visualization of objects and chemical molecules was developed in present study. The software uses a XYZ or OBJ file to generate the 3D graphics represented by the file. Various parameters can be specified by users. In the generated 3D graphics window, users may rightor left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D graphics, or mouse-drag the graphics to rotate the 3D graphics, or slide scrollbar to vertically or horizontally translate the 3D graphics. The 3D graphics can be saved as an image file (in PNG, JPG, or other formats) at its current appearance. Both visual3D 1.0 and demonstration data files were given.