114 results on '"Jafari-Koshki, Tohid"'
Search Results
2. Trend Impact Analysis (TIA) of community-based futures study for pediatric obesity in Iran
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Taghizadeh, Shahnaz, Alesaeidi, Sogol, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Valizadeh-Otaghsara, Seyedeh Masoumeh, Poursheikhali, Atousa, Tousi, Ayda Zahiri, and Abbasalizad–Farhangi, Mahdieh
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- 2023
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3. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of ALU-based cell-free DNA in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Taghizadeh-Teymorloei, Mohammad, Alizadeh, Leila, Matin, Somaieh, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Karimi, Abbas
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CELL-free DNA ,COLORECTAL cancer ,SCIENCE databases ,PROGNOSTIC tests ,OVERALL survival - Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern. This study aimed to investigate the role of ALU-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Methods: We selected relevant literature from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Science Direct databases based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. 17 eligible studies were included in the final analysis (13 studies for diagnostic and 4 studies for prognostic meta-analysis). The search covered relevant publications up to July 1, 2024. Results: The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) of ALU-based cfDNA in CRC diagnosis were 0.81 (95% CI= [0.70, 0.89]), 0.90 (95% CI= [0.70, 0.96]), and 40.58 (95% CI= [17.87, 92.19]), respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.92 (95% CI= [0.89, 0.94]). Patients with higher concentrations of plasma/serum ALU-based cfDNA had poorer overall survival (OS) (pooled hazard ratio = 2.33 ([95% CI= [1.80, 3.03]). Conclusion: The current evidence supports the utility of circulating ALU as a promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool for CRC. Furthermore, as a potential biomarker, ALU-based cfDNA could play a significant role in clinical application. Clinical implications: The evidence suggests that circulating ALU-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds promise as a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool for colorectal cancer, potentially enhancing clinical decision-making. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42023486369). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. A Conditional Probability Model to Predict the Mortality in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Bayesian Network Analysis
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Iraji, Zeynab, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Dolatkhah, Roya
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- 2020
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5. Factors associated with progression to pre-diabetes: a recurrent events analysis
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Mansourian, Marjan, Yazdani, Akram, Faghihimani, Elham, Aminorraya, Ashraf, Amini, Masoud, and Jafari-Koshki, Tohid
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- 2020
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6. Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Attentional Shifting and Accuracy: Evidence from Dynamic Changes of Cognitive Flexibility and Power Spectral Density of Electroencephalogram Signals.
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Afghan, Reyhaneh, Heysieattalab, Soomaayeh, Zangbar, Hamid Soltani, Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Samadzadehaghdam, Nasser
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COGNITIVE flexibility ,ESSENTIAL oils ,EXECUTIVE function ,LARGE-scale brain networks ,FRONTAL lobe - Abstract
Background: Cognitive flexibility, a vital component of executive function, entails the utilization of extended brain networks. Olfactory stimulation has been shown to influence various brain functions, particularly cognitive performance. Method: To investigate aroma inhalation's effects on brain activity dynamics associated with cognitive flexibility, 20 healthy adults were recruited to complete a set-shifting task during two experimental conditions: no aroma stimuli vs. lavender essential oil inhalation. Using Thomson's multitaper approach, the normalized power spectral density (NPSD) was assessed for five frequency bands. Results: Findings confirm that aroma inhalation significantly affects behavioral indices (i.e., reaction time (RT) and response accuracy) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures, especially in the frontal lobe. Participants showed a tremendous increase in theta and alpha NPSD, associated with relaxation, along with beta NPSD, associated with clear and fast thinking after inhaling the aroma. NPSD of the delta band, an indicator of the unconscious mind, significantly decreased when stimulated with lavender essential oil. Further, participants exhibited shorter RT and more accurate responses following aroma inhalation. Conclusion: Our findings revealed significant changes in oscillatory power and behavioral performance after aroma inhalation, providing neural evidence that olfactory stimulation with lavender essential oil may facilitate cognitive flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Risk modeling in prospective diabetes studies: Association and predictive value of anthropometrics
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Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Arsang-Jang, Shahram, Aminorroaya, Ashraf, Mansourian, Marjan, and Amini, Masoud
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- 2018
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8. The status of work-related COVID-19 prevention measures and risk factors in hospitals.
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Dehghan, Golnoush, Malekpour, Fatemeh, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Mohammadian, Yousef, and Rostami, Hossein
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OCCUPATIONAL disease risk factors ,OCCUPATIONAL disease prevention ,HOSPITALS ,MILITARY hospitals ,RESEARCH ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,COVID-19 ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,RESEARCH evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,RISK assessment ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PUBLIC hospitals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PROPRIETARY hospitals ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,DATA analysis software ,VENTILATION - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) in hospitals are at risk of infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Prevention measures are necessary to protect HCWs against COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the status of occupational risk factors and prevention measures for COVID-19 in hospitals. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iranian hospitals. Based on the results of reviewing the literature and guidelines, two checklists on occupational risk factors and prevention measures for COVID-19 in hospitals were designed and validated. The status of occupational risk factors and prevention measures against COVID-19 in governmental, non-governmental public, private, and military hospitals were determined using designed checklists. RESULTS: Results confirmed the validity of checklists for assessing the status of COVID-19 prevention measures in hospitals. The military hospitals had the lowest mean risk factors compared to other hospitals, but there was no significant difference in occupational risk factors of infection with COVID-19 among governmental, non-governmental public, private, and military hospitals (P-value > 0.05). In the checklist of occupational risk factors of Covid-19, the type of hospital had a significant relationship with the provision and use of personal protective equipment (P-value<0.05). The mean of implementation of prevention measures among all hospitals were not statistically significant difference (P-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The provided checklists could be a suitable tool for monitoring of status of prevention measures for COVID-19 in hospitals. Improving ventilation systems is necessary in most of the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Seat belt use among rural non-drivers: the role of demographic and traffic-related variables.
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Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun, Malekpour, Fatemeh, Mohammadian, Yousef, Jafari-koshki, Tohid, Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouzan, Khansari, Mehdi, Malekpour, Alireza, and Marzroud, Masoumeh Maleki
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AUTOMOBILE driving laws ,EDUCATION of parents ,RESEARCH funding ,MOTOR vehicle occupants ,MOTOR vehicle safety measures ,PLANNED behavior theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SEX distribution ,AGE distribution ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,AUTOMOBILE safety appliances ,RURAL conditions ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,QUALITY assurance - Abstract
Background: The rate of seat belt use in rural societies is less than in urban societies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of demographic and traffic-related variables on seat belt use among rural non-drivers based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Method: This study was conducted among 450 non-drivers in the rural areas of Hashtroud district in Iran. For collection of data, a questionnaire containing questions about demographic characteristics and general information on traffic-related behaviors of non-drivers, and questions on seat belt use based on constructs of the TPB was used. Results: The lowest seat belt use rate was for non-drivers that sit in the rear seat of a car on rural roads (22.4 % never, 14.4 % always). Also, the rate of seat belt use among parents of participants on rural roads was lower than on city roads. Adherence to traffic rules and having training about seat belt use had significant effects on the construct of TPB, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior of seat belt use. With increasing age, subjective norms about seat belt use have improved. The attitude toward seat belt use among females was better than males. Conclusion: The result indicated that most of rural non-drivers did not adhere to traffic rules. Adherence to the traffic rules and having training on seat belt use had a significant impact on seat belt use behavior. Training seat belt use especially by parents could be effective in improving seat belt use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Immunomodulatory Effects of Blood Transfusion on Tumor Size, Metastasis, and Survival in Experimental Fibrosarcoma
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Abdolmohammadi, Kamal, Mahmoudi, Tayebeh, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad, and Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar
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- 2018
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11. Association of waist and hip circumference and waist-hip ratio with type 2 diabetes risk in first-degree relatives
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Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Mansourian, Marjan, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, and Amini, Masoud
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- 2016
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12. Global epidemiology and spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in goats: Protocol for a systematic review and Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis.
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Amouei, Afsaneh, Mizani, Azadeh, Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Aghayan, Sargis A., Amuei, Fateme, Nayeri Chegeni, Tooran, and Daryani, Ahmad
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TOXOPLASMA gondii ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,RESEARCH protocols ,GOATS ,AGENESIS of corpus callosum ,GOAT farming ,GEOGRAPHIC information system software - Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite causes toxoplasmosis in humans and many species of domestic and wild animals. T. gondii instigates significant economic losses in sheep and goat farming industry and can lead to abortion, stillbirth, congenital malformations and neonatal losses. The objective of this protocol is to evaluate worldwide seroprevalence of T. gondii exposure in goats using Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis and geographic information system (GIS). Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using search engines, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, EMBASE, PROSPERO Register and, Google Scholar without date and language restrictions. The authors search for cross-sectional studies that determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats. Two reviewers will independently screen, selected studies; also, they will extract data, and assess the risk of bias. In case(s) of disagreement, a consensus will be reached with the help of a third author. The Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis will use to estimate country and worldwide true seroprevalence of T. gondii, which is consist of the sensitivity and specificity of the applied serological assays. The obtained data will be used to identify country-level risk factors associated with T. gondii exposure using GIS in the ArcGIS software. Discussion: The systematic review produced from this protocol will provide the true prevalence rate and spatial distribution T. gondii exposure in goats both regionally and globally using Bayesian hierarchical and GIS analysis. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020107928. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Development of a degree-day model to predict the growth of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae): implication for vector control management.
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Abbasi, Madineh, Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali, Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi, Hazratian, Teimour, Foroushani, Abbas Rahimi, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Mohammad Reza, Abai, Mohammad Reza, Vatandoost, Hassan, Jaski, Sajjad Fekri, Omid, Faramarz Bozorg, and Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali
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ANOPHELES stephensi ,VECTOR control ,DIPTERA ,AEDES aegypti ,MOSQUITOES ,POPULATION dynamics ,WATER temperature - Abstract
Anopheles stephensi is an efficient vector of malaria parasites in Iran. Despite its importance in malaria transmission, there is a scarcity of accurate predictive models of its rates of development at different temperatures. A laboratory colony of An. stephensi, collected from Bandar Abbas County, southern Iran, was established, and all its developmental stages were maintained in temperature-controlled incubators so that the water temperature set at 5, 8, 10, 12.5, 14, 28, 38, 39.5, 42, and 45(±0.2) °C for different treatments until subsequent adult emergence. The Lower and Upper Developmental Temperatures (LDT and UDT) and the growth degree-day (GDD) were calculated for each development stage. A 12-mo population dynamics survey of the larvae and adults of An. stephensi was performed in 3 malaria-endemic villages (Geno, Hormoodar, and Sarkhoon) of Bandar Abbas County, and the obtained data were matched with the constructed GDD model. Based on the field meteorological and dynamics data, the model was verified in the field and used to determine the appropriate date to start spraying. The LDT was determined to be 8.19, 9.74, 8.42, 5.6, 13.57, and 10.03 °C for egg hatching, first, second, and third ecdysis, pupation, and eclosion events, respectively. The UDT was 38 °C for all developmental stages. The thermal requirement for the development of all immature stages of An stephensi was determined to be 187.7 (±56.3) GDD above the LDT. Therefore, the appropriate date to start residual spraying is when the region's GDD reaches 187.7 (±56.3). Given the climatic conditions in Bandar Abbas County, it is expected that the first activity peak of adult An. stephensi would be in March. Field observations showed that An. stephensi activity starts in February and peaks in March. The GDD model can provide a good estimate for peak An. stephensi activity and indicate the optimal deployment time of residual spraying operations against the multiplication and development of malaria parasites inside the vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Predictive impact of human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA in treatment response monitoring of HPV‐associated cancers; a meta‐analysis on recurrent event endpoints.
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Karimi, Abbas, Jafari‐Koshki, Tohid, Zehtabi, Mojtaba, Kargar, Farzaneh, and Gheit, Tarik
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CIRCULATING tumor DNA , *HUMAN papillomavirus , *TUMOR treatment , *CANCER relapse , *GENITAL warts , *ONLINE databases , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background: HPV infection can cause cancer, and standard treatments often result in recurrence. The extent to which liquid biopsy using HPV circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) can be used as a promising marker for predicting recurrence in HPV‐related cancers remains to be validated. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess its effectiveness in predicting treatment response. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, up to December 2022. The goal was to identify survival studies that evaluated the potential of plasma HPV ctDNA at baseline and end‐of‐treatment (EoT) in predicting recurrence of related cancers. Hazard ratios were estimated directly from models or extracted from Kaplan–Meier plots. Results: The pooled effect of HPV ctDNA presence on disease recurrence was estimated to be HR = 7.97 (95% CI: [3.74, 17.01]). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of recurrence was HR = 2.17 (95% CI: [1.07, 4.41]) for baseline‐positive cases and HR = 13.21 (95% CI: [6.62, 26.36]) for EoT‐positive cases. Significant associations were also observed between recurrence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 12.25 (95% CI: [2.62, 57.36])) and cervical cancer (HR = 4.60 (95% CI: [2.08, 10.17])) in plasma HPV ctDNA‐positive patients. Conclusions: The study found that HPV ctDNA detection can predict the rate of relapse or recurrence after treatment, with post‐treatment measurement being more effective than baseline assessment. HPV ctDNA could be used as a surrogate or incorporated with other methods for detecting residual disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Association between ambient fine particulate matter with blood pressure levels among Iranian individuals admitted for cardiac and respiratory diseases: Data from CAPACITY study
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Khosravi, Alireza, Rajabi, Hamid Reza, Vakhshoori, Mehrbod, Rabiei, Katayoun, Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen, Mansouri, Asieh, Roghani-Dehkordi, Farshad, Najafian, Jamshid, Rahimi, Mojtaba, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Sadeghian, Babak, Shishehforoush, Mansour, Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza, Taheri, Marzieh, and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
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Air Pollutants ,Air Pollution ,Original Article ,Particulate Matter ,Blood Pressure - Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors, especially blood pressure (BP) levels, has been less frequently assessed. The aim of this study was evaluating the association between air pollutants of less than 2.5 µm [particulate matter (PM2.5)] and BP indices among individuals admitted with CVDs and pulmonary diseases. METHODS This cross-sectional study was in context of air pollution associated with hospitalization and mortality of CVDs and respiratory diseases (CAPACITY) study. Data of 792 Iranian patients referring to two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, for cardiovascular or respiratory problems from March 2011 to March 2012 were used for analysis. BP indices including systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were obtained from patients’ medical forms and mean PM2.5 concentrations during 24 hours prior to admission of each patient were obtained from Isfahan Department of Environment (DOE). RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of participants’ age were 62.5 ± 15.9 years. All BP indices on admission were significantly higher in women compared with men. Adjustment of all potential confounders including age, sex, temperature, wind speed, and dew point revealed that increasing one quartile in PM2.5 concentrations had been associated with 1.98 mmHg raising in SBP at the time of admission [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-3.54, P = 0.010]. Women with cardiac diseases had higher all BP indices with increased PM2.5 concentration [SBP: β: 4.30, 95% CI = 0.90-7.70, P = 0.010; DBP: β: 1.89, 95% CI = 0.09-3.69, P = 0.040; MAP: β: 3.09, 95% CI = 0.68-5.51, P= 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increasing PM2.5 concentration has been positively associated with raising SBP in total population and all BP indices among women with cardiac problems at admission time. Several comprehensive studies are required for confirming these relations.
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- 2020
16. Determinants of Quality of Life in Breast Cancer: Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling of Studies.
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Mansourian, Marjan, Bazrafshan, Razieh, Malakoutikhah, Zahra, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Vaseghi, Golnaz
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STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,ONLINE information services ,MEDICAL databases ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,META-analysis ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,REGRESSION analysis ,PHYSICAL activity ,SLEEP ,QUALITY of life ,MENTAL depression ,CHI-squared test ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MEDLINE ,BODY mass index ,FATIGUE (Physiology) ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,BREAST tumors ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Objective. Quality of life (QoL) is a major concern in breast cancer (BC) patients. Despite efforts, no study has comprehensively addressed determinants of QoL in patients with BC. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on QoL correlations using the meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) approach. Methods. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases resulted in 5,238 initial relevant papers, 73 of which were eligible for final analysis with a total of 44,121 patients. We used a two-stage procedure of correlation-based MASEM to examine the relationship between QoL and body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), sleep, depression, fatigue, and stress. Results. Final MASEM model suggested that PA (path coefficient = 0.33, 95% CI = −0.0444; 0.6334), fatigue (path coefficient = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.6825; 0.0361), and stress (path coefficient = −0.22, 95% CI = −0.5143; 0.6875) were the most important factors related to QoL in patients with breast cancer. Final model identified variables responsible for 68% of the variation in QoL in BC. Conclusion. QoL is an important outcome in the treatment course of BC. Large-scale and meta-analysis studies could help patients to have a life with improved quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. The association between particulate matter 2.5 and hospitalization and mortality rates of heart failure: The CAPACITY study
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Moein, Nafise, Garakyaraghi, Mohammad, Shafie, Davood, Rabiei, Katayoun, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Rahimi, Mojtaba, Sadeghian, Babak, Givi, Mahshid, and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
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Hospitalization ,Original Article ,Particulate Matter ,Mortality - Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the high concentrations of pollutants in large cities of Iran and the high prevalence of heart failure (HF) among Iranians, especially with increasing life expectancy, this study investigated the relationship between airborne contaminants with a diameter < 2.5 µm or particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and hospitalization and mortality in patients with HF in Isfahan, Iran, during 2011. METHODS This ecological study was carried out on a part of data from the CAPACITY study. A total of 275 patients with HF were randomly selected from 840 subjects with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code I50 in the CAPACITY study. Patients’ records were evaluated and their clinical characteristics, disease history, and laboratory and echocardiographic findings were extracted. Air pollution and climatic data were extracted from the CAPACITY study. Poisson regression was used in crude and adjusted models to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and study outcomes. All analyses were performed using crude models and models adjusted for temperature, dew point, and wind speed. RESULTS 54.9% (n = 151) were men with mean age of 70.4 ± 13.7 years. While most patients (85.8%) were discharged after recovery, 14.2% of the patients died in the hospital. Blood glucose, heart rate, and ejection fraction (EF) were significantly higher on unhealthy days than normal days. Regression analysis revealed no significant relationships between hospitalization and mortality rates and PM2.5 concentrations on healthy days, unhealthy days for sensitive people, and unhealthy days. CONCLUSION The model used in our study revealed no significant relationships between PM2.5 concentrations and hospital admission on healthy days, unhealthy days for sensitive people, and unhealthy days.
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- 2019
18. Association between ambient air pollution and hospitalization caused by atrial fibrillation
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Saifipour, Amir, Azhari, Amirhossein, Pourmoghaddas, Ali, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Rahimi, Mojtaba, Nasri, Ali, Shishehforoush, Mansour, Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza, Sadeghian, Babak, Moazam, Elham, Mohebi, Mohammad Bagher, Ezatian, Victoria, Rabiei, Katayoun, and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
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Air Pollution ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,Original Article - Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown the worst effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Present study focused on the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF), as one of the common arrhythmias, and air pollutants in Isfahan, Iran, an industrial city in the Middle East. METHODS A case-crossover design was used to explore the associations between air pollution and AF hospitalized patients with ventricular response (VR) > 90 beats per minute (bpm) (fast response) and those with VR ≤ 90 bpm. All patients' records were extracted from their hospital files. Air pollutants data including particulate matter less than 10 µ (PM10), PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were obtained from the Correlation of Air Pollution with Hospitalization and Mortality of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases (CAPACITY) study. Conditional logistic regression test was used to measure the relationship between pollutants and hospitalization due to AF. RESULTS Records of 369 patients, including 173 men (46.9%) who were hospitalized for AF during the study period and had complete data were extracted. Although a positive but not statistically significant relationship was shown between 10-unit increases in all pollutants (except PM10) and the hospitalization due to AF in patients with rapid VR (RVR), the only significant relationship was observed in case of NO2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.1, P = 0.031]. CONCLUSION This study showed positive significant relationships between NO2 and the hospitalization due to AF in patients with RVR. NO2 is a greenhouse gas whose levels are expected to increase due to global environmental changes. Therefore, relevant strategies should be adopted to decrease its levels, especially in industrial cities like Isfahan.
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- 2019
19. Radiobiological modeling of acute esophagitis after radiation therapy of head, neck, and thorax tumors: The influence of chemo-radiation.
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Alizade-Harakiyan, Mostafa, Jangjoo, Amir, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Fatemi, Ali, Mesbahi, Asghar, and Jangjoo, Amir Ghasemi
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HEAD & neck cancer ,RADIOTHERAPY ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ,HODGKIN'S disease ,MAXIMUM likelihood statistics ,AKAIKE information criterion ,NECK ,LARYNX ,LUNG tumors ,CHEST (Anatomy) ,ESOPHAGUS diseases - Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of various radiobiological models in predicting the occurrence of acute esophagitis (AE) during radiation therapy (RT) of head, neck, and thoracic tumors with concurrent and sequential chemotherapy. According to recent studies, the probability of AE following RT by normal tissue complication probability models is predictable.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with nasopharynx, larynx, Hodgkin's lymphoma, spinal metastases, and oral cavity and lung tumors were included in the study. Half of these patients were treated by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (Con. CRT) and the other half were treated by radiotherapy alone or sequential chemo-radiotherapy (RT + seq. CRT). Radiobiological models of several types were used as follows,: Lyman-generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD), Lyman-MED, log-logistic, logit, and logistic. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation, and models were compared using Akaike information criteria.Results: Based on follow-up data, the behavior of dose-response curves differed markedly between the Con. CRT and RT + seq. CRT groups. The best fit with clinical results was offered by the Lyman-MED model for the Con. CRT group and the Lyman-gEUD model for the RT + seq. CRT group. Depending on the model used, the parameter of D50 was considerably lower (up to three times) in the Con. CRT group compared to the RT + seq. CRT group.Conclusions: The incidence of AE significantly differed between the two treatment groups in all the models. New parameter estimates could be used for predicting the probability of acute esophagitis after chemo-RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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20. Evaluation of the Radiobiological Models predicting the Radiation-Induced Hypothyroidism in the Partially Irradiated Thyroid Gland of Patients with Breast Cancer.
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Imani, Atusa, Mesbahi, Asghar, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Zamiri, Reza Eghdam, and Motlagh, Behnam Nasiri
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HYPOTHYROIDISM diagnosis ,HYPOTHYROIDISM ,RADIOTHERAPY ,STATISTICAL models ,BLOOD testing ,BREAST tumors ,THYROID gland ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RHT) is one of the side effects that might have an impact on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performances of the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) and Log-Logistic models in the prediction of hypothyroidism (HT) as well as the estimation of the model parameters for the incidence of RHT among patients with breast cancer. Methods: Fifty-two patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer were prospectively evaluated. Patients' serum samples [tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine] were measured before RT and also at a regular time interval until 1 year after the completion of RT. For each patient, dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of the thyroid gland were derived from their treatment planning dataset. Patients whose TSH levels were higher than normal with a decrease in FT4 levels were considered as cases with RHT. The LKB and Log-Logistic radiobiological models were evaluated by comparing them with the resultant follow-up data. The parameters for radiobiological models have been deduced by fitting the models to the follow-up data. The models were fitted in a Bayesian setting and compared according to the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC). Results: Twenty-one (40%) patients developed RHT at a follow-up of 1 year after the end of radiation treatment. The fitted values of D50 for the LKB and Log-Logistic models were 37.71 and 25.50 Gy, respectively for the partially irradiated thyroid of patients with breast cancer. The mean time to the incidence of RHT was obtained at 6.7 months in the studied group. Conclusions: A volumetric effect was found for the thyroid gland in the implemented normal tissue complication probability models. Compared to the follow-up data, the Log-Logistic model was ranked as the best model for predicting the rate of RHT in patients with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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21. Impact of Patient Communication Preferences on the Patient Trust in Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iranian Outpatient's Clinics.
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Chegini, Zahra, Kakemam, Edris, Behforoz, Ali, Lotfollah-zadeh, Fatemeh, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Zarnag, Rahim Khodayari
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- 2022
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22. Effects of social and economic factors on the attitudes of diabetic patients towards self-care behaviors in Iran.
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Gholamzadeh Nikjoo, Raana, Nikbakht, Haniye, Partovi, Yegane, and Jafari Koshki, Tohid
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DIABETES prevention ,SOCIAL support ,ANALYSIS of variance ,RESEARCH methodology ,CROSS-sectional method ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,INCOME ,T-test (Statistics) ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH attitudes ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FAMILY relations ,PEOPLE with diabetes ,HEALTH self-care ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Background: One of the most common chronic diseases is diabetes, which self-care has a very significant role in reducing its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social and economic factors on the attitude of diabetic patients towards self-care behaviors. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. The sample included 170 patients with diabetes referring to the clinics affiliated to the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a previously developed questionnaire through interview. Results: Out of participants in the study, had a positive attitude towards self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetes. We observed significant association between attitude towards self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes and membership in real and virtual groups (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) support of family members (P < 0.001), household income (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Regarding the correlation between certain social and economic variables, and patient attitude towards self-care in diabetes, as well as the effects of attitude in performing self-care behaviors, and the beneficial results of these behaviors in disease control, correct methods must be adapted to control these variables both materially and spiritually. Some of the methods suggested by the researchers are holding frequent educational classes for these people, providing suitable pamphlets, allocating suitable environments and green spaces for diabetic patients, creating suitable and fun virtual groups, identifying type 2 diabetic patients who are not supported by families or do not have enough income and creating suitable group spaces for these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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23. Missed nursing care and related factors in Iranian hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey.
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Chegini, Zahra, Jafari‐Koshki, Tohid, Kheiri, Marzieh, Behforoz, Ali, Aliyari, Saeedeh, Mitra, Udita, and Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
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HOSPITALS & psychology , *AGE distribution , *COMMUNICATION , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PROPRIETARY hospitals , *JOB satisfaction , *MEDICAL care use , *MEDICAL errors , *MEDICAL personnel , *NURSE-patient relationships , *NURSING , *NURSING specialties , *PUBLIC hospitals , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SEX distribution , *TEAMS in the workplace , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SOCIAL support , *PATIENT discharge instructions , *DISCHARGE planning , *DISEASE prevalence , *CROSS-sectional method , *NURSE-patient ratio , *PATIENTS' families , *DATA analysis software , *STATISTICAL models , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence of, and reasons for, missed care by nurses and the factors associated with it in Iranian hospitals. Background: Despite providing high‐quality patient care in hospitals, nurses often fail to deliver optimum care, which jeopardizes the safety of patients and increases health care costs. Therefore, identifying missed nursing care is essential if the quality of health services is to be improved. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 215 nurses working in the medical–surgical wards of eight public and private hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The 'MISSCARE' survey tool was used to collect data in relation to the extent of missed care and the related reasons. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between factors and missed nursing care. Results: Results showed that the mean score of overall missed nursing care was 2.57 and 72.1% of the nurses reported that they missed at least one nursing care item on their last shift. 'Patient discharge planning and teaching', 'emotional support to patient and/or family' and 'attend interdisciplinary care conferences whenever held' were the most common missed items by nurses in Iran. In a 5‐point Likert scale, the most important reasons identified by nurses for missed care were 'human resources', 3.11 (95% CI: 3.03–3.19); 'material resources', 2.7 (95% CI: 2.6–2.8); and 'communication', 2.4 (95% CI: 2.3–2.5), respectively. Missed nursing care was associated with sex (OR for males = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.01–7.89), age (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33) and the number of patients under care (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22). A reverse association was found with the number of patients discharged (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.96) and satisfaction with teamwork (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89). Conclusions: There is a need to identify the factors contributing to the incidence of missed nursing care in hospitals and to develop strategies to address these. Implications for Nursing Management: The results of this study highlighted the importance of addressing missed nursing care in Iranian public and private hospitals. Nursing management should consider improving communication between team members and units. Changes are required regarding task division and payments to the nursing staff. Further research is required to understand the reasons behind missed nursing care, and the development of appropriate policies to address better nursing care in hospitals is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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24. The impact of climatic variables on the population dynamics of the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), in southern Iran.
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Abbasi, Madineh, Rahimi Foroushani, Abbas, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Pakdad, Kamran, Vatandoost, Hassan, and Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad
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Objective: To determine the significance of temperature, rainfall and humidity in the seasonal abundance of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran. Methods: Data on the monthly abundance of Anopheles stephensi larvae and adults were gathered from earlier studies conducted between 2002 and 2019 in malaria prone areas of southeastern Iran. Climatic data for the studied counties were obtained from climatology stations. Generalized estimating equations method was used for cluster correlation of data for each study site in different years. Results: A significant relationship was found between monthly density of adult and larvae of Anopheles stephensi and precipitation, max temperature and mean temperature, both with simple and multiple generalized estimating equations analysis (P<0.05). But when analysis was done with one month lag, only relationship between monthly density of adults and larvae of Anopheles stephensi and max temperature was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study provides a basis for developing multivariate time series models, which can be used to develop improved appropriate epidemic prediction systems for these areas. Long-term entomological study in the studied sites by expert teams is recommended to compare the abundance of malaria vectors in the different areas and their association with climatic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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25. Radiobiological Modeling of Acute Esophagitis Following Radiotherapy of Thorax and Head-Neck Tumors: A Comparison of Lyman Kutcher Burman with Equivalent Uniform Dose-Based Models.
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Alizade-Harakiyan, Mostafa, Jangjoo, Amir Ghasemi, Motlagh, Behnam Nesiri, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Okutan, Murat, and Mesbahi, Asghar
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RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,RADIOTHERAPY ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ,FORECASTING - Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed to compare the performance of radiobiological models in predicting acute esophagitis (AE) complications after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Material and Methods: Out of a total of 100 patients, 50 patients with concurrent chemotherapy and 50 patients without such therapy were treated with different total doses and a daily dose range of 1.8-2.4 Gy on the basis of 5 days a week for 3 months. Predictions of AE were based on Lyman--Kutcher--Burman (LKB) and equivalent uniform dose (EUD)-based radiobiological models. Consequently, 3 months of follow-up were performed to monitor the complication incidence among the studied patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and univariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the effect of mean dose, volume percentage, and weight loss percentage on the probability of AE grade ≥ 2. Results: The EUD-based model showed a better concordance with the clinical data for all patients (area under the curve [AUC]=0.919) and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group (AUC=0.986). For the radiation therapy group, the LKB model had a better performance than the EUD-based model (AUC=0.921). Grade ≥ 2 esophagitis occurred 37.94±4.0 and 68.39±7.1 days after the initiation of radiation therapy in the chemoradiation and radiation therapy groups, respectively. Conclusion: The EUD-based model showed a higher agreement with the follow-up data. The incidence time of grade ≥ 2 AE in the CCRT was approximately two times shorter than that in the non-CCRT group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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26. Household food security status and its associated factors in Baft-Kerman, IRAN: a cross-sectional study.
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Ekhlaspour, Parvin, Foroumandi, Elaheh, Ebrahimi-Mameghani, Mehrangiz, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, and Arefhosseini, Seyed Rafie
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FOOD security ,SOCIAL impact ,HOUSEHOLDS ,CROSS-sectional method ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,HOME ownership ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics - Abstract
Food insecurity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, which has considerable health impacts on the social, physical, and psychological status. This study aimed to examine the food security status and its related sociodemographic factors among the households living in Baft city of Iran. A sample of 702 households was selected by a simple random sampling method from January to March 2017. Using U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Security questionnaire, 34.3% of households showed some degree of food insecurity. Lower household size (OR = 0.84, CI: 0.73–0.97, P =.02), higher welfare facilities (OR = 1.55, CI: 1.32–1.81, P <.001), educational levels of the mothers and their spouse (being diploma as compared to under-diploma) (OR = 1.57, CI: 0.98–2.53, P =.04 and OR = 1.65, CI: 1.05–2.57, P =.02), governmental employment as compared to unemployment of the spouse (OR = 1.85, CI: 1.14–2.99, P =.01), and house ownership (rent compared to owner house; OR = 0.41, CI: 0.21–0.81, P =.01) were significantly associated with food security. The findings showed food insecurity was associated with some sociodemographic factors among households in Baft. These findings demonstrate that the government needs to continue its efforts to provide appropriate funding for population-based programs and policies, to enhance food security of the people living in this city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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27. Metabolic Syndrome Components and Long-Term Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A 13-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.
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Mansourian, Marjan, Babahajiani, Midia, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Roohafza, Hamidreza, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
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Background: The risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is higher than in general populations. We aimed at assessing the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and MetS and at identifying triple components that are the most predictive of future CVD events. Methods: Data on 1387 CVD-free individuals recruited in an ongoing cohort in Isfahan, Iran (ICS) were analyzed. This included serum tests and health and lifestyle questionnaires measured at baseline in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The association between CVD and MetS, irrespective of composing components, was evaluated by using logistic regression. The hazard ratio (HR) of CVD events after MetS diagnosis was calculated for different combinations by using Cox PH regression. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 34.4% at baseline, 19.5% of which was with diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure [BP]) and hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]) increased over time. Irrespective of composing components, the odds of developing CVD in MetS individuals was higher than in those who did not develop MetS with adjusted odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.22–2.55. Among the five most prevalent triple combinations, there was a significant association between CVD incidence and high-density lipoprotein + BP + waist circumference combination only with HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.04–2.67. Conclusion: Some MetS components are more likely to result in CVD. Identifying the most predictive components could help in the timely initiation of proper interventions rather than waiting for all MetS components or symptoms of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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28. Correlation between air pollution and hospitalization due to myocardial infarction.
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Davoodabadi, Zeynab, Soleimani, Azam, Ali Pourmoghaddas, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Rahimi, Mojtaba, Shishehforoush, Mansour, Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza, Sadeghian, Babak, Moazam, Elham, Mohebi, Mohammad Bagher, Ezatian, Victoria, Rabiei, Katayoun, and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
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AIR pollution ,AIR pollutants ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,PARTICULATE matter ,HOSPITAL care - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate the correlation between air pollutants and hospitalization due to myocardial infarction (MI) as part of "correlation of air pollution with hospitalization and mortality of CVDs and respiratory diseases (CAPACITY) study". METHODS: This case-crossover study analyzed the data of 319 patients who were admitted with diagnosis of ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) in three main hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. The data of airborne pollutants including particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10), particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM
2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3 ) as well as climatic indices (temperature, wind speed, and humidity) at 24 hours, 48 hours, and one week before admission were extracted from CAPACITY study. The conditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate the correlation between air pollutants and MI hospitalization. RESULTS: 319 patients with mean age of 63.15 ± 28.14 years, including 238 men (74.6%), and 207 patients (64.8%) with STEMI. The risk of hospitalization significantly increased in STEMI patients with 10-unit increment in PM2.5 at 48 hours before admission [odds ratio (OR) = 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-7.69]. Although, majority of air pollutants had positive association with hospitalization in patients with NSTEMI, they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study showed significant association between elevated PM2.5 at 48 hours with hospitalization of patients with STEMI. This finding can warn policy makers to design and provide better care services for patients at risk of acute MI during the times of increased air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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29. Trends and Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer in Iran (2005-2010).
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Rastaghi, Sedigheh, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Mahaki, Behzad, Bashiri, Yousef, Mehrabani, Kamran, and Soleimani, Ali
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STOMACH cancer , *DATA analysis , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the first and the third prevalent cancer among males and females in Iran, respectively. The aim of this study was mainly to identify high-risk areas of GC by assessing the spatial and temporal pattern of incidence, and second, to explore some risk factors of GC in ecological setting. Methods: In this cross-sectional ecological study we used Bayesian hierarchical space-time model to measure the relative risk and temporal trends of GC in Iran from 2005 to 2010 based on available data. Data analysis was done by the use of integrated nested Laplace approximation Bayesian approach in R software. Results: Overall trend of GC was significantly decreasing during the study period. Ardabil, Khorasan Razavi, West Azarbaijan, Zanjan, and Mazandaran provinces had the highest risk of incidence. Overweight and smoking were directly and significantly associated with GC risk. Conclusions: During the study period, GC has decreased in Iran. Nevertheless, GC risk was generally high in Northern and Northwestern provinces of Iran. Different health policies according to GC risk and trend are required for each province. Improvements in screening and education programs and conducting further epidemiological studies could help to reduce the incidence of GC in high risk provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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30. Strengths and weaknesses of maternal health program evaluation tools in Iranian primary health care system.
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Firooznia, Rozita, Dargahi, Hossein, Khaledian, Zeinab, and Jafari-Koshki, Tohid
- Published
- 2018
31. Predictors of Physical Activity among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Isfahan, 2015: Structural Equation Modeling Approach.
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Rohani, Hosein, Sadeghi, Erfan, Eslami, Ahmadali, Raei, Mehdi, and Jafari-Koshki, Tohid
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,PHYSICAL activity ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,BLOOD sugar ,MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing globally in the recent decades. Physical activity (PA) helps preventing diabetes complications by keeping the blood sugar of T2DM patients within the normal range. The objective of this study was to explore underlying beliefs corresponding to PA in T2DM patients using health action process approach (HAPA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, 2015. A convenience sample of 203 participants with T2DM was collected. Participants completed HAPA inventory containing the following constructs: Risk perception, outcome expectation, task self-efficacy, intention, action and coping planning, coping self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, and PA questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical analysis. Results: The common fit indices revealed that the HAPA had an acceptable fit to the observations (CMIN/df = 2.36 [P < 0.001], root mean square error of approximation = 0.089, comparative fit index = 0.891, normal fit index = 0.902). Intention was associated with task self-efficacy (β = 0.92, P < 0.001), whereas risk perception (β = 0.16, P = 0.073) and outcome expectation (β = 0.32, P < 0.081) did not predict intention to participate in PA behavior. PA was well predicted by planning (β =0.84, P < 0.01) while it was not significantly associated to coping self-efficacy (β = 0.66, P = 0.73) and recovery self-efficacy (β = 0.6, P = 0.69). Conclusions: HAPA could be used as a proper framework to identify the beliefs of the patients with T2DM and guide for effective theory-based interventions regarding PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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32. A hierarchical Bayesian tri-variate analysis on factors associated with anthropometric measures in a large sample of children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study.
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Kelishadi, Roya, Heidari, Zahra, Kazemi, Iraj, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Mansourian, Marjan, Motlagh, Mohammad-Esmaeil, and Heshmat, Ramin
- Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess determinants of anthropometric measures in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted among 13,280 students, aged 6-18 years, who were randomly selected from 30 provinces in Iran. Anthropometric measures were determined by calibrated instruments. Demographic and socio-economic (SES) variables, lifestyle behaviors, family history of chronic disease and prenatal factors were studied, as well. A hierarchical Bayesian tri-variate analysis was used to assess the factors associated with obesity measures of the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and wrist circumference (WrC). Results: The results showed that the BMI was associated with SES score, family history of obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, screen time, duration of sleep, breakfast consumption, birth weight, breastfeeding, junk food and place of residence (urban-rural). All these factors were also significantly associated with WrC except for consumption of junk food. Many of these factors had a partial but significant relationship with WHtR. Conclusions: Various factors contribute to obesity. Preventive and educational programs on manageable factors such as increasing physical activity, eating breakfast and limiting TV or screen time could be helpful in controlling obesity in schoolchildren and reducing associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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33. Potential emerging treatment in vitiligo using Er:YAG in combination with 5FU and clobetasol.
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Mokhtari, Fatemeh, Bostakian, Anis, Shahmoradi, Zabihollah, Jafari‐koshki, Tohid, Iraji, Fariba, Faghihi, Gita, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, and Bafandeh, Behzad
- Subjects
VITILIGO ,FLUOROURACIL ,YAG lasers ,HUMAN skin color ,PATIENT compliance ,DISEASES ,THERAPEUTICS ,CLOBETASOL - Abstract
Summary: Background: Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder of skin affecting at least 1% of the world population of all races in both sexes. Its importance is mainly due to subsequent social and psychological problems rather than clinical complications. Various treatment choices are available for vitiligo; however, laser‐based courses have shown to give more acceptable results. Objective: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Er:YAG laser as a supplementary medicine to topical 5FU and clobetasol in vitiligo patients. Methods: Two comparable vitiligo patches from 38 eligible patients were randomized to receive topical 5FU and clobetasol in control group and additional Er:YAG laser in intervention group. Major outcomes of interest were the size of patch and pigmentation score at randomization and 2 and 4 months after therapy. Results: Final sample included 18 (47%) male patients and age of 35.66±8.04. The performance Er:YAG group was superior in all sites. Reduction in the size of patches was greater in Er:YAG group (
p ‐value=.004). Also, this group showed a higher pigmentation scores in the trial period than control group (p ‐value<.001). Conclusions: Greater reduction in the size and increase in pigmentation score was seen in Er:YAG group especially for short periods after therapy and repeating laser sessions may help improving final outcomes. Er:AYG could help in reducing complications of long‐term topical treatments, achieving faster response, and improving patient adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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34. Epidemiologic Trend of Smear-Positive, Smear-Negative, Extra Pulmonary and Relapse of Tuberculosis in Iran (2001-2015); A Repeated CrossSectional Study.
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Arsang-Jang, Shahram, Mansourian, Marjan, Amani, Firouz, and Jafari-Koshki, Tohid
- Abstract
Background: Trend analysis is an important tool to monitor epidemiological changes of disease over time to guide resource allocation. This study aimed to study incidence trends and change-points of smear positive, smear negative, extra-pulmonary and relapse of tuberculosis (TB) in Iran from 2001 to 2015. Study design: Repeated cross-sectional study Methods:Nonlinear segmented regression w as used to describe TB incidence trends; annual percent change (APC), average annual percent changes (AAPC) and change points for each disease separately. Results: Of 154930 TB cases, 49.8% w ere smear positive, 19.7% smear negative, 27.32% extrapulmonary and 3.18% relapse. For all TB types, the peak of incidence w as in 2001. Tw o change point w ere estimated for all TB types (P<0.05). The APC of all TB types w ere -6.51 (95% CI: -7.4, -5.4) for first and 2.4 (95% CI: 0. 7, 4.1) for second segment. Although the trends w ere significantly decreasing from 2001 to 2015 for smear positive (AAPC=2.06%), smear negative (AAPC=3.57%), extra pulmonary (AAPC=3.2%) and relapse (AAPC=3.3%), the AAPCs of trends w ere not significant from 2006 to 2015. Except for Extra pulmonary TB (APC=4-.9%, 95%CI:-10, 1.2), the APCs of the last segments w ere significant. Conclusions:Even though the TB incidence rates w ere decreasing, the amount of reductions seem inadequate, to reach the goals of TB control in Iran. Especially, the increase in the extra-pulmonary TB rates is a point of concern that highlights more attention is required for these cases. It is essential to improve economic supports tow ard TB control, illegal immigrants, data registry systems and physician's sensitivity in TB detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
35. Bladder Cancer in Iran: Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors.
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Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Arsang-Jang, Shahram, and Mahaki, Behzad
- Abstract
Background: To study overall and province-specific trends of bladder cancer incidence in Iran during 2004-2008 and to evaluate the association between bladder cancer incidence and some factors. Methods: Data on 17792 bladder cancer patients and risk factors available at province level were used in Bayesian ecological setting. First, the overall and province-specific trends of risk were estimated. Then the effects of cigarette smoking, being overweight, fruits and vegetables consumption, and low levels of physical activity on trend were examined. The province-specific effects of significant factors were also assessed. The data were analyzed using R-INLA package. Results: The risk of developing bladder cancer was decreasing in Iran, 2004-2008 (RR= 0.95). Guilanand Semnan had the highest 5-year incidence (RR> 1.5). However, the risk increase compared to country Risk was the highest in East Azerbaijan and Tehran (DT> 0.1). Also direct and reverse association between smoking and fruit consumption and bladder cancer risk were established. Guilan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Ilam were the provinces affected the most by these factors. Conclusions: This study confirms previous findings and provides further evidence on protective effects of fruit consumption in bladder cancer. The results would be of value for governors to prioritize the province-specific demands on research, education, and improvements with respect to the identified risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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36. Validation and psychometric evaluation of physical activity belief scale among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an application of health action process approach.
- Author
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Rohani, Hosein, Eslami, Ahmad Ali, Ghaderi, Arsalan, Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Sadeghi, Erfan, Bidkhori, Mohammad, and Raei, Mehdi
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes complications ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,STATISTICAL correlation ,TEST validity ,FACTOR analysis ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RISK perception ,STATISTICAL sampling ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,PLANNED behavior theory ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Background: Moderate increase in physical activity (PA) may be helpful in preventing or postponing the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a health action process approach (HAPA)-based PA inventory amongT2DM patients. Methods: In 2015, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 203 participants recruited by convenience sampling in Isfahan, Iran. Content and face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The comments noted by 9 outpatients on the inventory were also investigated. Then, the items were administered to 203 T2DM patients. Construct validity was conducted using exploratory and structural equation modeling confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was also assessed with Cronbach alpha and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Content validity was acceptable (CVR = 0.62, CVI=0.89). Exploratory factor analysis extracted seven factors (risk- perception, action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, maintenance self-efficacy, action and coping planning, behavioral intention, and recovery self-efficacy) explaining 82.23% of the variation. The HAPA had an acceptable fit to the observations (χ² = 3.21, df = 3, P = 0.38; RMSEA = 0.06; AGFI = 0.90; PGFI =0.12).The rangeof Cronbach alpha and ICC for the scales was about 0.63 to 0.97 and 0.862 to 0.988, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provided an initial support for the reliability and validity of the HAPA-based PA inventory among patients with T2 DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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37. Trends of diabetic nephropathy prevalence in Isfahan, Iran, during 1992-2010.
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Jafari-Koshki, Tohid, Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen, Arsang-Jang, Shahram, Amini, Masoud, and Faghihimani, Elham
- Subjects
- *
DIABETES complications , *DIABETES , *DIABETIC nephropathies , *PEOPLE with diabetes , *PATIENT education , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISEASE prevalence , *HEALTH literacy , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the quality of life of the patients. In this way, we need to characterize the groups of patients in urgent need for more and rich-in-content programs. In the present study, we used piecewise regression to evaluate the trends of diabetic nephropathy prevalence in patients registered in the Sedigheh-Tahereh Research Center and to identify patients who were in need of more attention. Materials and Methods: Piecewise regression, used in this study, is a statistical method to identify change points, if any, in the trends of mortality rates, prevalence of a disease, or any other trends. Available information for 1,935 patients were retrieved from the database. Joinpoint program 3.5.3 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 was used to fit piecewise regression and obtain descriptive statistics, respectively. Results: We assessed the trend of diabetic nephropathy in different groups of diabetic patients with respect to sex, blood pressure status, education, family history of diabetes, and age. The results showed an increasing trend in females, patients without family history of diabetes, and eover th recent years. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with academic education was high. Conclusion: The groups with high prevalence or increasing trends need more preventive intervention and detailed assessment of the present trends. Exploring high-risk groups is beneficial for better policy-making in the future. However, discovering the reasons for the increased trend of the disease is really helpful in controlling diabetes complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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38. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women.
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Barzgar G, Ahmadpour E, Kohansal MH, Mehrani Moghaddam S, Jafari Koshki T, Barac A, Nissapatorn V, Paul AK, and Micić J
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Protozoan, Immunoglobulin G, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk Factors, Immunoglobulin M, Toxoplasmosis epidemiology, Toxoplasma, Abortion, Spontaneous
- Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite affecting a broad range of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Infection acquired during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus and leading to serious problems such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or severe mental and/or physical handicaps in the child. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and related risk factors in pregnant woman., Methodology: The study enrolled 1200 serum samples of pregnant women from February-November 2017. Then the samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (Ab) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: Out of the 1200 samples, 381 (31.7%) and 41 (3.4%) subjects were positive for IgG and IgM Ab, respectively. Among the evaluated risk factors, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection was not related to the occupation in a significant way. However significant relationship was observed with factors such as; contact with soil, cats, consumption of raw washed vegetables, and washed hands before meals., Conclusions: According to the results, more than two-thirds of pregnant women are susceptible to Toxoplasma infection, hence training health care programs should be provided to prevent infection., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2024 Gholamreza Barzgar, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Mohammad Hasan Kohansal, Sirous Mehrani Moghaddam, Tohid Jafari Koshki, Aleksandra Barac, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Alok K Paul, Jelena Micić.)
- Published
- 2024
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39. Seat belt use among rural non-drivers: the role of demographic and traffic-related variables.
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Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Malekpour F, Mohammadian Y, Jafari-Koshki T, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Khansari M, Malekpour A, and Maleki Marzroud M
- Abstract
Background: The rate of seat belt use in rural societies is less than in urban societies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of demographic and traffic-related variables on seat belt use among rural non-drivers based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB)., Methods: This study was conducted among 450 non-drivers in the rural areas of Hashtroud district in Iran. For collection of data, a questionnaire containing questions about demographic characteristics and general information on traffic-related behaviors of non-drivers, and questions on seat belt use based on constructs of the TPB was used., Results: The lowest seat belt use rate was for non-drivers that sit in the rear seat of a car on rural roads (22.4 % never, 14.4 % always). Also, the rate of seat belt use among parents of participants on rural roads was lower than on city roads. Adherence to traffic rules and having training about seat belt use had significant effects on the construct of TPB, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior of seat belt use. With increasing age, subjective norms about seat belt use have improved. The attitude toward seat belt use among females was better than males., Conclusions: The result indicated that most of rural non-drivers did not adhere to traffic rules. Adherence to the traffic rules and having training on seat belt use had a significant impact on seat belt use behavior. Training seat belt use especially by parents could be effective in improving seat belt use.
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- 2023
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40. Developing an Evaluation Model for Maternity Care: A Mixed-Method Study from Iran.
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Firooznia R, Dargahi H, Jafari-Koshki T, and Khaledian Z
- Abstract
Background: Maternity care is an integral part of primary health care (PHC) systems worldwide. This study aimed to develop a new model for evaluating the maternity health program (MHP) in Iran., Methods: In this mixed-methods study, first, the challenges of MHP were surveyed through systematic review and expert interviews. Next, to identify the existing shortcomings in MHP evaluation system, the SWOT technique, cross-sectional study and comparative analyses were used. Finally, the Delphi technique was used to reach consensus on developed evaluation standards., Results: The final developed evaluation model contains five dimensions including reproductive health/family planning, maternity health, health records, evaluation, and resources management. Overall, this model has 32 standards and 289 measures. The scores obtained for the sum of the measures in two importance and applicability criteria were 8.24 and 7.85, which these scores are estimated to be equal to 91.55 and 87.22 percent of the highest possible scores, respectively., Conclusion: Considering the comprehensiveness of the obtained model, it is hoped that it could lead to performance improvement of the PHC centers in the area of maternity health., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Firooznia et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)
- Published
- 2022
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41. Parametric survival model to identify the predictors of breast cancer mortality: An accelerated failure time approach.
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Iraji Z, Jafari Koshki T, Dolatkhah R, and Asghari Jafarabadi M
- Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) was the fifth cause of mortality worldwide in 2015 and second cause of mortality in Iran in 2012. This study aimed to explore factors associated with survival of patients with BC using parametric survival models., Materials and Methods: Data of 1154 patients that diagnosed with BC recorded in the East Azerbaijan population-based cancer registry database between March 2007 and March 2016. The parametric survival model with an accelerated failure time (AFT) approach was used to assess the association between sex, age, grade, and morphology with time to death., Results: A total of 217 (18.8%) individuals experienced death due to BC by the end of the study. Among the fitted parametric survival models including exponential, Weibull, log logistic, and log-normal models, the log-normal model was the best model with the Akaike information criterion = 1441.47 and Bayesian information criterion = 1486.93 where patients with higher ages (time ratio [TR] =0.693; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.531, 0.904]) and higher grades (TR = 0.350; 95% CI = [0.201, 0.608]) had significantly lower survival while the lobular carcinoma type of morphology (TR = 1.975; 95% CI = [1.049, 3.720]) had significantly higher survival., Conclusion: Log-normal model showed to be an optimal tool to model the survival of patients with BC in the current study. Age, grade, and morphology showed significant association with time to death in patients with BC using AFT model. This finding could be recommended for planning and health policymaking in patients with BC. However, the impact of the models used for analysis on the significance and magnitude of estimated effects should be acknowledged., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.)
- Published
- 2020
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42. Cause-Specific Risk Factors of Death in Individuals with Diabetes: A Competing Risks Modeling.
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Mansourian M, Sadeghpour S, Aminorroaya A, Amini M, and Jafari-Koshki T
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Background: Diabetes is on the rise worldwide., Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of various causes of death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Methods: In this cohort study on 2638 people with T2D, we applied cause-specific and sub-distribution hazards models to assess the impact of various factors on the risk of death. Moreover, we plotted a cumulative incidence curve to summarize cumulative failure rates over time., Results: About 75% of individuals with T2D died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Death from CVD was associated with the increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.37 - 2.46), hypercholesterolemia (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17 - 2.14), and diabetes duration. The risk of death from CVA was related to hypertension (HR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.67 - 4.55) and hyperglycemia (HR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.75 - 10.79). The CVA risk in patients with diabetes duration of 10 - 20 years was higher than the risk in patients with diabetes duration > 20 years (diabetes duration of ≤ 10 years as the reference category). Diabetes duration of longer than 20 years was associated with a higher risk of death from cancer (HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.05 - 6.68). The risk of death from foot infection and diabetic nephropathy increased in patients with longer diabetes duration after adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index., Conclusions: Regardless of the cause, death rates in people with T2D increase over time and risk factors have different impacts on death from each cause. This should be acknowledged in risk management in individuals with T2D., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interests: It is not declared by the authors.
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- 2019
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43. Air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory disease: Rationale and methodology of CAPACITY study.
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Rabiei K, Hosseini SM, Sadeghi E, Jafari-Koshki T, Rahimi M, Shishehforoush M, Lahijanzadeh A, Sadeghian B, Moazam E, Mohebi MB, Ezatian V, and Sarrafzadegan N
- Abstract
Background: Considering the high level of air pollution and its impact on health, we aimed to study the correlation of air pollution with hospitalization and mortality of cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (ResD) (CAPACITY) to determine the effects of air pollutants on CVD and ResD hospitalizations and deaths in Isfahan, Iran., Methods: Hourly levels of air pollutants including particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), information of CVD and ResD admissions and death certificate were obtained respectively from Department of Environment (DOE), Iran, hospitals and cemetery. Time series and case-crossover model were used to find the impact of air pollutants. This paper only summarizes the descriptive findings of the CAPACITY study., Results: The total number of hospitalized patients were 23781 in 2010 and 22485 in 2011. The most frequent cause of hospitalization and death was ischemic heart diseases in both years. While the mean annual levels of O3, CO, and PM10 were lower in 2011 than in 2010, NO2 and SO2 levels higher in 2011. In both years, PM10 was similarly increased during last month of fall, late spring and early summer. In 2011, the PM2.5 and PM10 monthly trend of change were similar., Conclusion: The CAPACITY study is one of the few large-scale studies that evaluated the effects of air pollutants on a variety of CVD and ResD in a large city of Iran. This study can provide many findings that could clarify the effects of these pollutants on the incidence and burden of both disease groups.
- Published
- 2017
44. Efficacy of Intense-pulsed Light Therapy with Topical Benzoyl Peroxide 5% versus Benzoyl Peroxide 5% Alone in Mild-to-moderate Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Mokhtari F, Gholami M, Siadat AH, Jafari-Koshki T, Faghihi G, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Hosseini SM, and Abtahi-Naeini B
- Abstract
Objective: Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial pathogenesis and threats patients' social functioning. There is a growing research to find faster, more effective, and easy to use treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide 5% (BP) with and without concomitant intense-pulsed light (IPL) therapy in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris., Methods: In this controlled trial, 58 eligible patients with mild-to-moderate acne and Fitzpatrick skin phototype III and IV were randomly allocated to two groups. All patients were asked to use a thin layer of BP every night. The IPL therapy was administered at the end of first, 2
nd , and 3rd months. Acne Global Severity Scale (AGSS), Acne Severity Index (ASI), and total lesion counting (TLC) along with patient satisfaction were recorded. Patients were also examined 1 month after the final therapeutic visit., Findings: The IPL group showed greater reduction in AGSS ( P < 0.001) and TLC ( P = 0.005) than the control group. However, the difference in ASI was not significant ( P = 0.12). Patients in IPL groups were more satisfied than control group ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Adding IPL to BP can result better response to BP alone. In acne treatment, combination therapy such as IPL and other topical agents should be kept in mind., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.- Published
- 2017
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45. Area-to-Area Poisson Kriging and Spatial Bayesian Analysis in Mapping of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran
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Asmarian N, Jafari-Koshki T, Soleimani A, and Taghi Ayatollahi SM
- Abstract
Background: In many countries gastric cancer has the highest incidence among the gastrointestinal cancers and is the second most common cancer in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and map high risk gastric cancer regions at the county-level in Iran. Methods: In this study we analyzed gastric cancer data for Iran in the years 2003-2010. Areato- area Poisson kriging and Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) spatial models were applied to smoothing the standardized incidence ratios of gastric cancer for the 373 counties surveyed in this study. The two methods were compared in term of accuracy and precision in identifying high risk regions. Result: The highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to area-to-area Poisson kriging was in Meshkinshahr county in Ardabil province in north-western Iran (2.4,SD=0.05), while the highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to the BYM model was in Ardabil, the capital of that province (2.9,SD=0.09). Conclusion: Both methods of mapping, ATA Poisson kriging and BYM, showed the gastric cancer incidence rate to be highest in north and north-west Iran. However, area-to-area Poisson kriging was more precise than the BYM model and required less smoothing. According to the results obtained, preventive measures and treatment programs should be focused on particular counties of Iran., (Creative Commons Attribution License)
- Published
- 2016
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46. Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates.
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Abbasian M, Chaman R, Amiri M, Ajami ME, Jafari-Koshki T, Rohani H, Taghavi-Shahri SM, Sadeghi E, and Raei M
- Abstract
Background & Objective: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a worldwide problem. Studies have reported prevalence ranged 18-84% in pregnant women. Receiving adequate calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy period is necessary for calcium homeostasis, fetal growth and bone mineralization. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates in Shahroud city in the northeast Iran., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 284 pregnant women and their neonates referred to Fatemiyeh Hospital of Shahroud were included. Blood samples of mothers and umbilical cords were collected during the delivery and were sent to laboratory in order to measure calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D., Findings: Amounts of Vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in (mothers, neonates) were found to be (60.2%, 48.9%) and (1.1%, 2.5%) respectively. Calcium deficiency (<8.5 mg/dL) was present in 33.5% of mothers and 25% of neonates. There was a weak correlation between maternal serum and cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D (r=0.12, p=0.053)., Conclusion: More than half of the mothers and their neonates had some degrees of vitamin D deficiency. It is recommended to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D in pregnant women along with public health interventions to be carried out., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
- Published
- 2016
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47. Efficacy of topical azathioprine and betamethasone versus betamethasone-only emollient cream in 2-18 years old patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial.
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Iraji F, Farhadi S, Faghihi G, Mokhtari F, Basiri A, Jafari-Koshki T, and Nilforoushzadeh MA
- Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and a considerable burden especially among children. To circumvent the problems related to oral azathioprine (AZT) we aimed to evaluate its topical variant and assess its efficacy in patients aged 2-18., Materials and Methods: In a single-blind trial, we randomized the patients into two groups, one treated with topical emollient containing AZT and betamethasone (BM), and the other treated solely with topical emollient of BM. The treatments were administered twice a day for 8 weeks in both groups. The efficacy, recurrence, and the presence of side effects were evaluated using SPSS 20., Results: The amount of reduction in severity scoring for atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) score was significantly greater in the group treated with the topical AZT (P = 0.024). Incidentally, there were no difference between two treatments in difference in proportions of recurrence and adverse effects as well as SCORAD reduction in subgroups of sex and age (all P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Our results showed the superiority of topical AZT over BM with a low recurrence and adverse effects. No expectation of severe side effects, like those of oral AZT, is the major advantage of topical AZT. The sample size was an issue in uncovering the value of AZT in the subgroups. Conducting prolonged studies of quality-of-life and comparing the topical AZT potency relative to the common alternatives are recommended areas of future work.
- Published
- 2015
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48. Application of Bayesian Multilevel Space-Time Models to Study Relative Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Iran 2005-2007 at a County Level.
- Author
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Rastaghi S, Jafari-Koshki T, and Mahaki B
- Subjects
- Esophageal Neoplasms etiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Iran epidemiology, Male, Prognosis, Registries, Risk Factors, Bayes Theorem, Esophageal Neoplasms epidemiology, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
Background: Reported age standardized incidence rates for esophageal cancer in Iran are 0.88 and 6.15 for females and males, at fifth and the eighth ranks, respectively, of cancers overall. The present study aimed to map relative risk using more realistic and less problematic methods than common estimators., Materials and Methods: In this ecological investigation, the studied population consisted of all esophageal cancer patients in Iran from 2005 to 2007. The Bayesian multilevel space-time model with three levels of county, province, and time was used to measure the relative risk of esophageal cancer. Analyses were conducted using R package INLA., Results: The total number of registered patients was 7,160. According to the results, the three-level model with adjustment for risk factors of physical activity and smoking had the best fit among all models .The overall temporal trend was significantly increasing. At county level, Ahar, Marand, Salmas, Bojnoord, Saghez, Sarakhs, Shahroud and Torbatejam had the highest relative risks. Physical activity was found to have significant direct association with risk of developing esophageal cancer., Conclusions: Given to great variation across geographical areas, many different factors affect the incidence of esophageal cancer. Conducting further studies at the individual level in areas with high incidence could provide more detailed information on risk factors of esophageal cancer.
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- 2015
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49. Investigating the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Iran 2005 -2008 using Bayesian Spatial Ecological Regression Models.
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Haddad-Khoshkar A, Jafari-Koshki T, and Mahaki B
- Subjects
- Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Iran epidemiology, Male, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms etiology, Registries, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Bayes Theorem, Models, Theoretical, Prostatic Neoplasms epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the entire world. Reported standardized incidence rates are 12.6, 61.7, 11.9 and 27.9 in Iran, developed countries, developing countries and the entire world, respectively. The present study investigated the relative risk of PC in Iran at the province level and also explored the impact of some factors by the use of Bayesian models., Materials and Methods: Our study population was all men with PC in Iran from 2005 to 2008. Considered risk factors were smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, obesity and human development index. We used empirical and full Bayesian models to study the relative risk in Iran at province level to estimate the risk of PC more accurately., Results: In Iran from 2005 to 2008 the total number of known PC cases was 10,361 with most cases found in Fars and Tehran and the least in Ilam. In all models just human development index was found to be significantly related to PC risk Conclusions: In the unadjusted model, Fars, Semnam, Isfahan and Tehran provinces have the highest and Sistan-and-Baluchestan has the least risk of PC. In general, central provinces have high risk. After adjusting for covariates, Fars and Zanjan provinces have the highest relative risk and Kerman, Northern Khorasan, Kohgiluyeh Boyer Ahmad, Ghazvin and Kermanshah have the lowest relative risk. According to the results, the incidence of PC in provinces with higher human development index is higher.
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- 2015
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50. Exploring factors related to metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients using Bayesian cure models.
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Jafari-Koshki T, Mansourian M, and Mokarian F
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Survival Rate, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms secondary, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Models, Statistical
- Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a fatal disease and the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women with an increasing pattern worldwide. The burden is mostly attributed to metastatic cancers that occur in one-third of patients and the treatments are palliative. It is of great interest to determine factors affecting time from cancer diagnosis to secondary metastasis., Materials and Methods: Cure rate models assume a Poisson distribution for the number of unobservable metastatic-component cells that are completely deleted from the non-metastasis patient body but some may remain and result in metastasis. Time to metastasis is defined as a function of the number of these cells and the time for each cell to develop a detectable sign of metastasis. Covariates are introduced to the model via the rate of metastatic-component cells. We used non-mixture cure rate models with Weibull and log-logistic distributions in a Bayesian setting to assess the relationship between metastasis free survival and covariates., Results: The median of metastasis free survival was 76.9 months. Various models showed that from covariates in the study, lymph node involvement ratio and being progesterone receptor positive were significant, with an adverse and a beneficial effect on metastasis free survival, respectively. The estimated fraction of patients cured from metastasis was almost 48%. The Weibull model had a slightly better performance than log-logistic., Conclusions: Cure rate models are popular in survival studies and outperform other models under certain conditions. We explored the prognostic factors of metastatic breast cancer from a different viewpoint. In this study, metastasis sites were analyzed all together. Conducting similar studies in a larger sample of cancer patients as well as evaluating the prognostic value of covariates in metastasis to each site separately are recommended.
- Published
- 2014
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