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Abstract Background/Aim The soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL‐2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients. Patients and Methods Serum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors. The concentration of sIL‐2R was measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results The median sIL‐2R concentration was significantly higher in dogs with solid masses than in healthy dogs (117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml, p = 0.016). The highest median sIL‐2R concentration was found in dogs with malignant tumors, followed by those with benign tumors, and healthy dogs (119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml, respectively). In dogs with malignant tumors, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with high sIL‐2R levels than in the group with low sIL‐2R levels. Dogs with solid tumors, particularly those with malignant tumors, had higher concentrations of sIL‐2R than healthy dogs. Among dogs with malignant tumors, a correlation between sIL‐2R concentration and mortality rate was confirmed. Conclusion Serum sIL‐2R levels may be used to detect malignant tumors and serve as a prognostic factor in dogs with malignant tumors.