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Nowcasting is mainly based on radar echo or satellite image extrapolation method. However, the prediction ability of extrapolation method decreases with time, because this method cannot describe the physical mechanism during the occurrence, development and extinction of severe convective weather systems. Considering that the prediction ability of numerical model improves with time, the nowcasting system should be based on numerical forecast model. And appropriate data assimilation technology can be used to produce a more accurate initial field, making the integral forecast results closer to the reality. The PFI-4DVar assimilation method (four-dimensional variational technology under physical filter initialization) can filter in the process of assimilation rather than model integration, thus shortening the model spin-up time and getting a more dynamic and physically coordinated analysis field. Therefore, PFI-4DVar assimilation method not only improves model prediction results, but also makes initial field closer to observations, which is very suitable for nowcasting.Using WRF model and WRFDA assimilation system, effects of PFI-4DVar on prediction ability of numerical nowcasting are explored. Through the precipitation case in North China on 11 August 2018, prediction results in control and assimilation tests are discussed. According to ETS scores, the precipitation prediction of assimilation test is closer to the observation compared with control test. The water vapor in assimilated ground and sounding data, the dynamic field in assimilated radar radial wind data and the appropriate cumulus parameterization scheme make the amplitude of divergence in high-level and convergence in low-level in analysis field of assimilation test much stronger than those in background field, thus creating vertical motion. Moreover, the precipitation of assimilation test is mainly caused by process of cumulus.A batch test is carried out on 17 precipitation cases of North China in August 2018. It shows that PFI-4DVar can significantly improve the prediction ability for short precipitation (especially large order precipitation) and timely predict the fall area of heavy rain or rainstorm. After assimilation, ETS scores of 6-hour accumulated precipitation (greater than 25.0 mm) in batch test increase from 0.125 to 0.190, and ETS scores of 6-hour accumulated precipitation (greater than 60.0 mm) increase from 0.016 to 0.081. PFI-4DVar significantly improves the precipitation nowcasting. Calculations are reduced by selecting 12-minute assimilation time window, which greatly saves computational resources. And the time of assimilation test is shortened, ensuring the time efficiency of 6-hour forecast. Therefore, PFI-4DVar can improve and enhance the prediction ability of precipitation nowcasting.

Background: CDK7 has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of malignancy. Therefore, targeting CDK7, which regulates the transcription process, has emerged as a new promising approach for treating cancer. Research on CDK7 inhibitors has significantly increased over the past 2 decades, with almost 600 related papers in the Web of Science Core Collection database. To effectively identify future research hotspots and potential future directions, it is crucial to systematically review and visually present the research on this topic from a comprehensive viewpoint, ensuring scientific reliability. Methods: This study performed bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace and VOSviewer scientometrics analysis software to examine data on the publication of articles on CDK7 inhibitors over the past 2 decades; the data included country of publication, author names, institution names, scientific categories, cited journals, and keywords related to the field of CDK7 inhibitors. Results: This bibliometric analysis included 426 publications from 41 different nations, referencing a total of 15,892 sources. Research associated with CDK7 inhibitors has rapidly expanded since 2016, and the US and China are the two countries with the highest publication output among the countries and institutes that produce literature on CDK7 inhibitors. Furthermore, the US is the country that most frequently engages in international cooperation. The evolution of keywords identifying antitumor strategies related to CDK7-mediated cellular transcription processes has been the research focus in recent years. Conclusion: In this study, we identified research efforts and their evolving patterns and predicted advances in the CDK7 inhibitor field. The knowledge structure of CDK7 inhibitors encompasses pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and cancer treatment strategies. The primary objectives of contemporary research are to discover the processes underlying cancer progression, identify specific signaling pathways, and develop effective clinical medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible sensors are garnering substantial interests for various promising applications, including medical electronics, environmental monitoring, and wearable devices. Developing a flexible sensor with high compliance, high sensitivity, and high reliability through the construction of a novel composite conductive hydrogel based on the synergistic enhancement effect of conductive polymers and metal ions is a remarkable achievement. Herein, an electronic/ionic‐conductive double network hydrogel (polypyrrole (PPy)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐Al3+/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) with soft compliance, highly conductivity, and stability is presented. Moreover, owing to the synergistic reinforcement effect of the relatively immobilized "islands" of PPy particles and large amounts of movable "bridges" of aluminum ions (Al3+) within the double network hydrogel, the as‐optimized PPy/CMC‐Al3+/PVA composite gels exhibit excellent conductivity (σ = 3.47 ± 0.25 S m−1) and mechanical properties (E = 18.53 ± 0.67 kPa). Furthermore, it has been developed as strain sensors with relatively high linear sensitivity (gauge factor = 2.58) within a broad linearity range (0–400%). It can also be served as a monitoring devices for subtle physiological signals emanating from various parts of the human body. The robust sensor has great potential to be developed as wearable electronic devices and applied in healthcare monitoring fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apomixis is a reproductive process that produces clonal seeds while bypassing meiosis (or apomeiosis) without undergoing fertilization (or pseudo-fertilization). The progenies are genetically cloned from their parents, retaining the parental genotype, and have great potential for the preservation of genes of interest and the fixing of heterosis. The hallmark components of apomixis include the formation of female gametes without meiosis, the development of fertilization-independent embryos, and the formation of functional endosperm. Understanding and utilizing the molecular mechanism of apomixis has far-reaching implications for plant genetic breeding and agricultural development. Therefore, this study focuses on the classification, influencing factors, genetic regulation, and molecular mechanism of apomixis, as well as progress in the research and application of apomixis-related genes in plant breeding. This work will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apomixis and its application for plant genetic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We review the prevalence of allergic diseases in children across prenatal exposures to heavy metals. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023478471). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane library was conducted from the database inception until 31 October 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. We used a random-effects model to summarize the effects from the studies. Results: A total of 16 studies were included, 120,065 mother-child pairs enrolled. The NOS scores indicated that the quality of the literature included in the study was of a high standard. Conclusion: The final results indicate that prenatal exposure to Pb increased the incidence of wheeze and Eczema in infants, and exposure to Ni and CD increased the incidence of AD in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur is a critical element for plant growth and development, serving as a component of amino acids (cysteine and methionine), iron–sulfur clusters, proteins, glutathione, coenzymes, and auxin precursors. Deficiency or low concentrations of sulfur in the soil can lead to significant growth retardation in plants. The objective of our study was to examine the effects of sulfur (S) deficiency and excess on morphological symptoms, sulfur and nitrogen (N) metabolism, as well as antioxidant activity in soybean. We found that S starvation decreased the fine root length, biomass, and activity, and the chlorophyll content was reduced, while excess sulfur promotes lateral root growth. In contrast to sulfur excess, sulfur deficiency inhibits N and S metabolism levels in both subsurface and above-ground parts, and induced the expression of some sulfur transporters (SULTRs). In this study, we created soybean hairy root lines overexpressing the SULTR gene (GmSULTR2;1a) to observe metabolic changes following sulfur deficiency treatment. The results showed that GmSULTR2;1a saved the sulfur-deficient phenotype, and the antioxidant enzyme activity was much higher than that of the wildtype in the absence of sulfur. Our study revealed the important role of sulfur element in soybean growth and development and the regulation of sulfur deficiency by GmSULTR2;1a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the change of intimate relationship between people with Alzheimer's disease and their adult child caregivers as the disease progresses. Twelve adult child caregivers were recruited through purposive sampling. Explanatory phenomenological analysis was conducted to analyse data collected by semi-structured in-depth interviews. This study found a dynamically changing relationship between adult child caregivers and their parents with Alzheimer's disease during care giving that evolved with the progress of the disease. The relationship was the most intimate in the middle stage of the disease for most caregivers and a new reciprocal relationship developed due to caregiving. Caregivers experienced different degrees of self-growth when providing care, though caregiver burdens were common. The positive experience and perception of caregivers were important for improving the quality of life for adult child caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]