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1. European Summer Synoptic Circulations and Their Observed 2022 and Projected Influence on Hot Extremes and Dry Spells

Author

Pedro Herrera‐Lormendez, Hervé Douville, and Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
hot summer 2022, hot extremes, circulation types, circulation classification, climate change, atmospheric circulation, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Abstract In 2022, western Europe experienced its hottest summer on record and widespread dry conditions, with substantial impacts on health, water and vegetation. We use a reanalysis to classify daily mean sea level pressure fields and to investigate the influence of synoptic circulations on the occurrence of temperature extremes and dry days. Summer 2022 featured an above‐normal occurrence of anticyclones extending from the British Isles to the Baltic countries, as well as enhanced easterly, southerly and low‐flow conditions which contributed to the observed extremes over southern and western Europe. While the hot summer of 2022 is only partially explained by circulation anomalies, such anomalies played a key role in the exceptional occurrence of dry days. The comparison with summer circulation anomalies projected by twenty global climate models moreover suggests that future circulation changes will further exacerbate hot and dry extremes over Europe.

Published
2023
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2. GEMAS: Geochemical distribution of Mg in agricultural soil of Europe

Author

M. Fuchs, P. Kwecko, P. Hayoz, Jörg Matschullat, B. I. Malyuk, Anna Ladenberger, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Rainer Baritz, V. Verougstraete, S. Pfleiderer, E. Haslinger, P. O'Connor, V. Gregorauskiene, Andreas M. Zissimos, L. Janik, Philippe Négrel, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, Alecos Demetriades, V. Trendavilov, A. Dusza-Dobek, Jurian Hoogewerff, Clemens Reimann, Martiya Sadeghi, W. De Groot, G. Mol, R. Maquil, E. Sellersjö, A. Bel-lan, Enrico Dinelli, Belinda Flem, M. Kaminari, W. Petersell, Andreas Scheib, Annamaria Lima, Anna Pasieczna, R. Hoffmann, M. Andersson, Paolo Valera, R. Scanlon, V. Klos, I. Slaninka, M. Duris, S. Forrester, S. Pramuka, D. Mackovych, S. Radusinović, U. Fugedi, C. Prazeres, A. Gulan, W. De Vos, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, Jason K. Kirby, F. Krone, Z. Zomeni, J. Kivisilla, G. Jordan, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, Rolf Tore Ottesen, Dee Flight, H. Hrvatovic, R. Srvkota, P. Sefcik, I. Salpeteur, Josip Halamić, Peter Filzmoser, D. P. Lucivjansky, Trajče Stafilov, F. Skopljak, M. Ponavic, Mateja Gosar, Stefano Albanese, R. G. Meuli, D. Vidojević, Maria João Batista, R. K. Oorts, A. Schedl, Domenico Cicchella, Timo Tarvainen, J. Locutura, A. Gilucis, I. Schoeters, U. Rauch, Mike J. McLaughlin, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Negrel, P., Ladenberger, A., Reimann, C., Birke, M., Demetriades, A., Sadeghi, M., Albanese, S., Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Bel-lan, A., Cicchella, D., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Duris, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flem, B., Flight, D. M. A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fugedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamic, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, D. P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Matschullat, J., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., O'Connor, P., Oorts, R. K., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Ponavic, M., Pramuka, S., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinovic, S., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A. J., Schoeters, I., Sefcik, P., Sellersjo, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Sorsa, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojevic, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Negrel P., Ladenberger A., Reimann C., Birke M., Demetriades A., Sadeghi M., Albanese S., Andersson M., Baritz R., Batista M.J., Bel-lan A., Cicchella D., De Vivo B., De Vos W., Dinelli E., Duris M., Dusza-Dobek A., Eklund M., Ernstsen V., Filzmoser P., Flem B., Flight D.M.A., Forrester S., Fuchs M., Fugedi U., Gilucis A., Gosar M., Gregorauskiene V., De Groot W., Gulan A., Halamic J., Haslinger E., Hayoz P., Hoffmann R., Hoogewerff J., Hrvatovic H., Husnjak S., Janik L., Jordan G., Kaminari M., Kirby J., Kivisilla J., Klos V., Krone F., Kwecko P., Kuti L., Lima A., Locutura J., Lucivjansky D.P., Mann A., Mackovych D., Matschullat J., McLaughlin M., Malyuk B.I., Maquil R., Meuli R.G., Mol G., O'Connor P., Oorts R.K., Ottesen R.T., Pasieczna A., Petersell W., Pfleiderer S., Ponavic M., Pramuka S., Prazeres C., Rauch U., Radusinovic S., Salpeteur I., Scanlon R., Schedl A., Scheib A.J., Schoeters I., Sefcik P., Sellersjo E., Skopljak F., Slaninka I., Sorsa A., Srvkota R., Stafilov T., Tarvainen T., Trendavilov V., Valera P., Verougstraete V., Vidojevic D., Zissimos A., and Zomeni Z.

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Lithology, Earth science, Weathering, Parent materials, Mineralogy, Total concentration, Partial extraction, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Aqua regia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Bedrock, 15. Life on land, Karst, Soil quality, Parent material, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Economic Geology
Abstract

Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) samples were collected from 33 European countries as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil-mapping project. The Mg data derived from total concentrations (XRF) and two acid digestion methods, aqua regia (AR) and Mobile Metal Ion (MMI®), were used to provide an overview of its spatial distribution in soil at the continental-scale. Magnesium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust and essential nutrient for plants and animals and its presence in soil is, therefore, important for soil quality evaluation. In this study, the geochemical behaviour of Mg in European agricultural soil was investigated in relation to a variety of soil parent materials, climatic zones, and landscapes. The chemical composition of soil reflects mostly the primary mineralogy of the source bedrock, and the superimposed effects of pre- and post-depositional chemical weathering, controlled by element mobility and formation of secondary phases such as clays. Low Mg concentrations in agricultural soil occur in regions with quartz-rich glacial sediments (Poland, Baltic States, N. Germany), and in soil developed on quartz-rich sandstone parent materials (e.g., central Sweden). High Mg concentrations occur in soil developed over mafic lithologies such as ophiolite belts and in carbonate-rich regions, including karst areas. The maximum extent of the last glaciation is well defined by a Mg concentration break, which is marked by low Mg concentrations in Fennoscandia and north-central Europe, and high Mg concentrations in Mediterranean region. Lithology of parent materials seems to play a key role in the Mg nutritional status of agricultural soil at the European scale. Influence from agricultural practice and use of fertilisers appears to be subordinate. Comparison of the continental-scale spatial distribution of Mg in agricultural soil by using the results from three analytical methods (XRF, AR and MMI®) provides complementary information about Mg mobility and its residence time in soil. Thus, allowing evaluation of soil weathering grade and impact of land use exploitation.

Published
2021

3. Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) status and dynamics in Amazon basin upland soils, Brazil

Author

Sophie F. von Fromm, G. C. Martins, Andrea M. Ramos, Katharina Lenhart, Solveig Pospiech, Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de Lima, and Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
Wet season, Hydrology, Tree canopy, Deforestation, Oxisol, Soil water, Biome, Dry season, Litter, Environmental science
Abstract

Given the dimensions of the Amazon basin (7.5 million km2), its internal dynamics, increasing anthropogenic strain on this large biome, and its global role as one of two continental biospheric tipping elements, it appears crucial to have data-based knowledge on carbon and nitrogen concentrations and pools as well as on possible intra-annual dynamics. We quantified carbon (Ct, Corg), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) concentrations in litter (ORG) and mineral soil material (TOP 0–20 cm, BOT 30–50 cm) of upland (terra firme) oxisols across Amazonas state and present a first pool calculation. Data are based on triplicate seasonal sampling at 29 sites (forest and post-forest) within the binational project EcoRespira-Amazon (ERA). Repeated sampling increased data accuracy and allows for interpreting intra-annual (seasonal) and climate-change related dynamics. Extreme conditions between the dry season in 2016 and the subsequent wet season (ENSO-related) show differences more clearly. Median CNS in the Amazon basin TOP soils (Ct 1.9, Corg 1.6, N 0.15, S 0.03 wt-% under forest canopy) as well as Corg / N ratios show concentrations similar to European soils (FOREGS, GEMAS). TOP Ct concentrations ranged from 1.02 to 3.29 wt-% (medianForest 2.17 wt-%; medianPost-Forest 1.75 wt-%), N from 0.088 to 0.233 wt-% (medianForest 0.17 wt-%; medianPost-Forest 0.09 wt-%) and S from 0.012 to 0.051 wt.-% (medianForest 0.03 wt.-%; medianPost-Forest 0.02 wt-%). Corg / N ratios ranged from 6 to 14 (median 10). A first pool calculation (hectare-based) illustrates forest versus post-forest changes. The elements are unevenly distributed in the basin with generally higher CNS values in the central part (Amazonas graben) as compared to the southern part of the basin. Deforestation and drought conditions lead to C and N losses – within 50 years after deforestation, C and N losses average 10 to 15 %. Regional climate change with increased drought will likely speed up carbon and nitrogen losses.

Published
2019

4. Bioavailable 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in European soils: A baseline for provenancing studies

Author

Mike J. McLaughlin, M. Kaminari, F. Krone, S. Forrester, D. Mackovych, José M. Soriano-Disla, P. Sefcik, Anna Ladenberger, V. Klos, A. Gilucis, Robert Frei, O. Connor, Dee Flight, Thalita van Aswegen, Annamaria Lima, J. Locutura, Josip Halamić, V. Ernstsen, P. Hayoz, V. Gregorauskiene, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, Timo Tarvainen, G. Jordan, Jörg Matschullat, U. Rauch, S. Pfleiderer, B. I. Malyuk, W. Petersell, Martiya Sadeghi, M. Poňavič, Anna Pasieczna, Andreas Scheib, Stefano Albanese, Alecos Demetriades, H. Hrvatovic, Malcolm R. Reid, A. Schedl, Rolf Tore Ottesen, S. Radusinović, Jurian Hoogewerff, U. Fugedi, M. Andersson, I. Salpeteur, W. De Vos, M. Eklund, R. Scanlon, R. Maquil, A. Gulan, I. Schoeters, Paolo Valera, Enrico Dinelli, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Domenico Cicchella, Claudine H. Stirling, Rainer Baritz, Clemens Reimann, C. Reimann, F. Skopljak, V. Verougstraete, E. Sellersjö, Maria João Batista, C. Prazeres, I. Slaninka, O. A. Eggen, F. Kwećko, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, J. Kivisilla, L. Janik, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, R. Hoffmann, D. Vidojević, M. Fuchs, Peter Filzmoser, S. Pramuka, D. P. Lucivjansky, Z. Zomeni, R. Srvkota, R. K. Oorts, Trajče Stafilov, E. Haslinger, R. G. Meuli, Karin Margarita Frei, V. Trendavilov, Aaron Clayton, A. Bel-lan, Andreas M. Zissimos, A. Dusza-Dobek, W. De Groot, G. Mol, Henriette Ueckermann, Jason K. Kirby, Hoogewerff J.A., Reimann C., Ueckermann H., Frei R., Frei K.M., van Aswegen T., Stirling C., Reid M., Clayton A., Ladenberger A., GEMAS Project Team: Albanese S., Andersson M., Baritz R., Batista M.J., Bel-lan A., Birke M., Cicchella D., De Vivo B., De Vos W., Dinelli E., Ďuriš M., Dusza-Dobek A., Eklund M., Ernstsen V., Filzmoser P., Flem B., Flight D.M.A., Forrester S., Fuchs M., Fügedi U., Gilucis A., Gosar M., Gregorauskiene V., De Groot W., Gulan A., Halamić J., Haslinger E., Hayoz P., Hoffmann R., Hoogewerff J., Hrvatovic H., Husnjak S., Janik L., Jordan G., Kirby J., Klos V., Krone F., Kwecko P., Kuti L., Lima A., Locutura J., Lucivjansky P., Mann A., Mackovych D., McLaughlin M., Malyuk B.I., Maquil R., Matschullat J., Meuli R.G., Mol G., Négrel P., O'Connor P., Oorts K., Pasieczna A., Petersell V., Pfleiderer S., Poňavič M., Prazeres C., Rauch U., Radusinović S., Sadeghi M., Salpeteur I., Scanlon R., Schedl A., Scheib A., Schoeters I., Sellersjö E., Slaninka I., Soriano-Disla J.M., Šorša A., Svrkota R., Stafilov T., Tarvainen T., Trendavilov V., Valera P., Verougstraete V., Vidojević D., Zissimos A., Zomeni Z., Jurian A, Hoogewerff, Clemens, Reimann, Henriette, Ueckermann, Robert, Frei, Karin M, Frei, Thalita, van Aswegen, Claudine, Stirling, Malcolm, Reid, Aaron, Clayton, Anna, Ladenberger, Albanese, S., Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Bel-lan, A., Birke, M., Cicchella, D., Demetriades, A., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O. A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., A Flight, D. M., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwećko, F., Kuti, L., Lima, A., Locutura, J., P Lucivjansky, D., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Matschullat, J., Mclaughlin, M., I Malyuk, B., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., Negrel, P., Connor, O., K Oorts, R., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Pramuka, S, Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinović, S., Reimann, C., Sadeghi, M., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., J Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Šefčik, P., Sellersjö, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Šorša, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojević, D., Zissimos, A., and Zomeni, Z.

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Strontium isotopes, European soils, Baseline, Provenancing, Archaeology, Forensic science, Reference data (financial markets), European soil, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Kriging, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sampling (statistics), Variance (accounting), Pollution, Random forest, Chemistry, Soil water, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Scale (map)
Abstract

We present Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratios for similar to 1200 selected soil samples, collected by the GEMAS consortium from grazing (Gr) and agricultural (Ap) soils in Europe with the aim to better understand the strontium isotope distribution in the bioavailable fraction of the top-soil and its potential for provenancing applications. Spatial analysis shows that there is a clear distinction between coastal (100 km) samples in their variance and that this variance is mirrored in the sodium concentration, suggesting an important but highly variable contribution from seaspray. We present two Sr-87/Sr-86 maps at 25 km x 25 km scale: one based solely on the measured data using a classical kriging approach and one based on a Random Forest model using complementary GEMAS data to predict the strontium isotope composition at the remaining 3000+ GEMAS sampling locations, including appropriate uncertainty assessment. Using a forensic Bayesian likelihood ratio approach, a tool was developed in R to create provenancing likelihood ratio maps. The maps delineate areas of high and low likelihood and allow investigators to direct their resources to areas of interest. For actual forensic case work either the measured or the modelled data can be used as reference data for the overall distribution of Sr-87/Sr-86 values in Europe. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.

Published
2019

5. Particle number size distributions in urban air before and after volatilisation

Author

Mike Pitz, Jörg Matschullat, K. Heinke, Wolfram Birmili, Josef Cyrys, A. Wiedensohler, Annette Peters, and Heinz Erich Wichmann

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Volatilisation, Particle number, Chemistry, Mixed layer, Nucleation, Mineralogy, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, aerosol light-absorption, 5 european cities, ultrafine particles, emission factors, particulate matter, atmospheric particles, elemental composition, roadside atmosphere, vehicle emissions, boreal forest, lcsh:QD1-999, Particle-size distribution, Particle size, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Aerosol particle number size distributions (size range 0.003–10 μm) in the urban atmosphere of Augsburg (Germany) were examined with respect to the governing anthropogenic sources and meteorological factors. The two-year average particle number concentration between November 2004 and November 2006 was 12 200 cm−3, i.e. similar to previous observations in other European cities. A seasonal analysis yielded twice the total particle number concentrations in winter as compared to summer as consequence of more frequent inversion situations and enhanced particulate emissions. The diurnal variations of particle number were shaped by a remarkable maximum in the morning during the peak traffic hours. After a mid-day decrease along with the onset of vertical mixing, an evening concentration maximum could frequently be observed, suggesting a re-stratification of the urban atmosphere. Overall, the mixed layer height turned out to be the most influential meteorological parameter on the particle size distribution. Its influence was even greater than that of the geographical origin of the prevailing synoptic-scale air mass. Size distributions below 0.8 μm were also measured downstream of a thermodenuder (temperature: 300 °C), allowing to retrieve the volume concentration of non-volatile compounds. The balance of particle number upstream and downstream of the thermodenuder suggests that practically all particles >12 nm contain a non-volatile core while additional nucleation of particles smaller than 6 nm could be observed after the thermodenuder as an interfering artifact of the method. The good correlation between the non-volatile volume concentration and an independent measurement of the aerosol absorption coefficient (R2=0.9) suggests a close correspondence of the refractory and light-absorbing particle fractions. Using the "summation method", an average diameter ratio of particles before and after volatilisation could be determined as a function of particle size. The results indicated that particles >60 nm contain a significantly higher fraction of non-volatile compounds, most likely black carbon, than particles

Published
2018

6. GEMAS: CNS concentrations and C/N ratios in European agricultural soil

Author

G. Jordan, Andreas Scheib, Rolf Tore Ottesen, Clemens Reimann, S. Pfleiderer, E. Sellersjö, P. Hayoz, O. A. Eggen, Timo Tarvainen, Mike J. McLaughlin, M. Poňavič, V. Tendavilov, A. Bel-Ian, Alecos Demetriades, B. De Vivo, M. Eklund, Jurian Hoogewerff, Jason K. Kirby, S. Forrester, D. Mackovych, R. Maquil, Stjepan Husnjak, Rainer Baritz, Dee Flight, W. De Groot, G. Mol, Karl Fabian, V. Klos, A. Gilucis, D. Vidojević, Z. Zomeni, I. Schoeters, J. Locutura, U. Rauch, Koen Oorts, Jörg Matschullat, P. Sefcik, B. I. Malyuk, A. Schedl, M. Kaminari, H. Hrvatovic, Maria João Batista, Josip Halamić, I. Salpeteur, V. Ernsten, Andreas M. Zissimos, José M. Soriano-Disla, P. Kwecko, R. Svrkota, V. Gregorauskiene, Domenico Cicchella, S. Radusinović, A. Dusza-Dobek, U. Fugedi, A. Gulan, Enrico Dinelli, W. De Vos, V. Verougstraete, Stefano Albanese, R. G. Meuli, L. Janik, A. Pasnieczna, Paolo Valera, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, I. Slaninka, Anna Ladenberger, Mateja Gosar, E. Haslinger, Peter Filzmoser, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, P. O'Connor, Martiya Sadeghi, M. Anderson, Trajče Stafilov, P. Lucivjansky, Debora dos Santos Carvalho, Annamaria Lima, R. Scanlon, C. Prazeres, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, V. Petersell, Matschullat, Jörg, Reimann, Clemen, Birke, Manfred, dos Santos Carvalho, Debora, Albanese, S., Anderson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M.J., Bel-Ian, A., Cicchella, D., Demetriades, A., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O.A., Eklund, M., Ernsten, V., Fabian, K., Filzmoser, P., Flight, D.M.A., Forrester, S., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Jähne-Klingberg, F., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Klos, V., Kwećko, P., Kuti, L., Ladenberger, A., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., McLaughlin, M., Malyuk, B.I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R.G., Mol, G., Négrel, P., O'Connor, P., Oorts, K., Ottesen, R.T., Pasnieczna, A., Petersell, V., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Prazeres, C., Radusinović, S., Rauch, U., Sadeghi, M., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Šefčik, P., Sellersjö, E., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J.M., Šorša, A., Svrkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Tendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojević, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Batista, M. J., Eggen, O. A., Flight, D. M. A., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Meuli, R. G., Ottesen, R. T., and Soriano-Disla, J. M.

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, Total organic carbon (TOC), Sulphur, Environmental Chemistry, Sampling density, Carbon, GEMAS project, Arable soil, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Sampling (statistics), 15. Life on land, Eastern european, Chemistry, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Total nitrogen, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography, business
Abstract

A reliable overview of measured concentrations of TC, TN and TS, TOC/TN ratios, and their regional distribution patterns in agricultural soil at the continental scale and based on measured data has been missing - despite much previous work on local and the European scales. Detection and mapping of natural (ambient) background element concentrations and variability in Europe was the focus of this work. While total C and S data had been presented in the GEMAS atlas already, this work delivers more precise (lower limit of determination) and fully quantitative data, and for the first time high-quality TN data. Samples were collected from the uppermost 20 cm of ploughed soil (Ap horizon) at 2108 sites with an even sampling density of one site per 2500 km2 for one individual land-use class (agricultural) across Europe (33 countries). Laboratory-independent quality control from sampling to analysis guaranteed very good data reliability and accuracy. Total carbon concentrations ranged from 0.37 to 46.3 wt% (median: 2.20 wt%) and TOC from 0.40 to 46.0 wt% (median: 1.80 wt%). Total nitrogen ranged from 0.018 to 2.64 wt% (median: 0.169 wt%) and TS from 0.008 to 9.74 wt% (median: 0.034 wt%), all with large variations in most countries. The TOC/TN ratios ranged from 1.8 to 252 (median: 10.1), with the largest variation in Spain and the smallest in some eastern European countries. Distinct and repetitive patterns emerge at the European scale, reflecting mostly geogenic and longer-term climatic influence responsible for the spatial distribution of TC, TN and TS. Different processes become visible at the continental scale when examining TC, TN and TS concentrations in agricultural soil Europe-wide. This facilitates large-scale land-use management and allows specific areas (subregional to local) to be identified that may require more detailed research.

Published
2018

7. GEMAS: establishing geochemical background and threshold for 53 chemical elements in European agricultural soil

Author

Clemens Reimann, S. Radusinović, U. Fugedi, E. Sellersjö, W. De Vos, I. Schoeters, V. Verougstraete, O. A. Eggen, D. Vidojević, Enrico Dinelli, U. Rauch, Rolf Tore Ottesen, Andreas M. Zissimos, G. Jordan, Andreas Scheib, V. Tendavilov, Anna Ladenberger, José M. Soriano-Disla, Timo Tarvainen, Karl Fabian, Jurian Hoogewerff, R. Maquil, A. Dusza-Dobek, Koen Oorts, Annamaria Lima, P. Hayoz, W. De Groot, G. Mol, L. Janik, Josip Halamić, Jörg Matschullat, B. I. Malyuk, Z. Zomeni, A. Schedl, S. Pfleiderer, Alecos Demetriades, A. Pasnieczna, P. Kwecko, R. Svrkota, Domenico Cicchella, V. Gregorauskiene, R. G. Meuli, M. Poňavič, Maria João Batista, R. Scanlon, A. Gilucis, M. Eklund, Mike J. McLaughlin, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, Patrice de Caritat, Jason K. Kirby, Stefano Albanese, Martiya Sadeghi, C. Prazeres, M. Kaminari, M. Anderson, Trajče Stafilov, Dee Flight, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, Mateja Gosar, Paolo Valera, P. Lucivjansky, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, V. Petersell, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, E. Haslinger, P. O'Connor, V. Klos, V. Ernsten, A. Bel-Ian, I. Slaninka, Peter Filzmoser, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Rainer Baritz, H. Hrvatovic, I. Salpeteur, J. Locutura, S. Forrester, D. Mackovych, A. Gulan, P. Sefcik, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME), IGME, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Departimento di Scienze della Terra [Napoli], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut Gilbert-Laustriat : Biomolécules, Biotechnologie, Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Geological Survey of Sweden, sgu, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Reimann, Clemen, Fabian, Karl, Birke, Manfred, Filzmoser, Peter, Demetriades, Aleco, Négrel, Philippe, Oorts, Koen, Matschullat, Jörg, de Caritat, Patrice, Albanese, S., Anderson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M.J., Bel-Ian, A., Cicchella, D., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O.A., Eklund, M., Ernsten, V., Flight, D.M.A., Forrester, S., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Jähne-Klingberg, F., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Klos, V., Kwećko, P., Kuti, L., Ladenberger, A., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., McLaughlin, M., Malyuk, B.I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R.G., Mol, G., O'Connor, P., Ottesen, R.T., Pasnieczna, A., Petersell, V., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Prazeres, C., Radusinović, S., Rauch, U., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Šefčik, P., Sellersjö, E., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J.M., Šorša, A., Svrkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Tendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojević, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Sadeghi, M., Reimann, C., Fabian, K., Birke, M., Filzmoser, P., Demetriades, A., Negrel, P., Oorts, K., Matschullat, J., de Caritat, P., Batista, M. J., Duris, M., Eggen, O. A., Flight, D. M. A., Fugedi, U., Halamic, J., Jahne-Klingberg, F., Kwecko, P., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Meuli, R. G., Ottesen, R. T., Ponavic, M., Radusinovic, S., Sefcik, P., Sellersjo, E., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Sorsa, A., and Vidojevic, D.

Subjects
Soil test, Geochemical threshold, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural soil, Ecology and Environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, Continental scale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Contamination, Pollution, Europe, Chemistry, chemistry, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Smelting, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Earth Sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Background variation
Abstract

The GEMAS (geochemical mapping of agricultural soil) project collected 2108 Ap horizon soil samples from regularly ploughed fields in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km(2). The

Published
2018
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8. Assessing vegetation variability and trends in north-eastern Brazil using AVHRR and MODIS NDVI time series

Author

Irmgard Niemeyer, Jörg Matschullat, Stefan Erasmi, and Anne Schucknecht

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Applied Mathematics, media_common.quotation_subject, Biome, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Data set, Trend analysis, Geography, Desertification, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ddc:550, Precipitation, Computers in Earth Sciences, Decomposition of time series, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract

Desertification is a challenge in north-eastern Brazil (NEB) that needs to be understood todevelop sustainable land-use strategies. This study analyses regional vegetation dynamics in NEB and the compatibility of two NDVI data sets to support future desertification assessment studies in the semi-arid Caatinga biome. Vegetation variability and trends in NEB are analysed for 1982-2006, based on monthly AVHRR (GIMMS) NDVI data. The GIMMS data are compared with MODIS NDVI for the overlapping period 2001-2006. Existing statistical methods are applied and existing NDVI analyses in NEB expanded in respect to vegetation trend analysis and data set comparison.

Published
2013

9. Arsenic: Natural and Anthropogenic

Author

Eleonora Deschamps, Jörg Matschullat, Eleonora Deschamps, and Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
Arsenic--Environmental aspects, SCIENCE / Environmental Science, SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geology, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / Water S
Abstract

The discussion on arsenic in the environment is complex and must grasp the importance of very many, mostly unrelated works on individual aspects. This volume represents one of the first comprehensive and interdisciplinary examinations into arsenic's behaviour in air, water, soils, sediments, plants and the human body. Based on state-of-the-art investigations into the global arsenic cycle, the related human toxicology and available remediation technologies, arsenic is assessed holistically in all the environmental compartments. Using the results of primary research, the authors offer concrete suggestions for risk reduction and management of environmental pollution that allow the reader to successfully tackle similar problems and find sustainable solutions.

Published
2011

10. Abiotic Sponge Ecology Conditions, Limski Kanal and Northern Adriatic Sea, Croatia

Author

Anne Klöppel, Bojan Hamer, Corinna Messal, Jörg Matschullat, Martin Pfannkuchen, Franz Brümmer, and Wolfgang Zucht

Subjects
Abiotic component, biology, Ecology, Fauna, Marine habitats, Sponge Fauna, Porifera, Ecological Parameters, Abiotic Parameters, Habitat Characteristics, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Habitat, Marine ecosystem, Tethya aurantium, Chondrilla nucula, Bay
Abstract

The Limski kanal, a semi-closed inlet (channel-like bay) located on the western coast of Istria (Croatia), is an extraordinary sponge habitat. Research on the marine ecosystem has been conducted there for more than 100 years. Today, 42 valid Porifera species are described. 139 species are listed for the area around Rovinj and 159 species for the northern Adriatic Sea. While several scientists described the sponge fauna, information on the abiotic situation or an explanation for the diversity differences is missing. This study interprets physicochemical and ecological parameters including depth profiles (temperature, salinity, pH-value, oxygen, water current velocity, photosynthetically active radiation [PAR], water transparency and nutrients). Their variances are linked with the distribution patterns of the prevailing sponge fauna. The channel is characterised as predominantly marine habitat. Although a shallow sediment barrier and a headland reduce the impact of the northern Adriatic Sea, differences between the channel and the open sea seem to be limited. Compared to the more homogenous water body of the Adriatic sampling locations, the channel shows variations and gradients of ecological parameters between different locations (e.g., due to freshwater influx: nutrients, temperature, oxygen content, salinity and water current velocity) – this offering habitat diversity. The sponge fauna changes along those ecological gradients. It is dominated by the photophilic species Aplysina aerophoba and Chondrilla nucula, but sciaphilic species such as Dysidea avara, Axinella polypoides and Aplysina cavernicola can be found, too. Some specialised species (e.g., Geodia cydonium, Tethya aurantium) even populate the muddy bottom of the channel.

Published
2011

11. Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin America

Author

Jochen Bundschuh, M. A. Armienta, Peter Birkle, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jörg Matschullat, A. B. Mukherjee, Jochen Bundschuh, M. A. Armienta, Peter Birkle, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jörg Matschullat, and A. B. Mukherjee

Subjects
Arsenic--Toxicology--Latin America, Groundwater--Arsenic content--Latin America, Hydrogeology--Latin America
Abstract

Groundwater resources naturally contain high levels of arsenic in many parts of the world. Over the last two decades, the As-containing groundwater in South-East Asia has received much attention, but the situation is just as crucial in Latin America, where the number of studies is still relatively low, and the extent and severity of As-exposure in the populations has yet to be fully evaluated. This book aims to promote knowledge of the occurrence and genesis of As-rich groundwater in Latin America. It deals with constraints on the mobility of As in groundwater, As-uptake from soil and water by plants, As-propagation through the food chain, human health impacts, and As-removal technologies. Case studies are presented from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru, amongst others, and are viewed against the background of experience from other world regions. The book is a state-of-art overview of arsenic research in Latin America. It aims to create interest within the Latin American countries affected by the presence of arseniferous aquifers and to increase awareness among administrators, policy makers and company executives. It will also serve to inform the international scientific community, and improve international cooperation on arsenic in groundwater.

Published
2009

12. GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS IN SURFACE WATERS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS OF THE QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO, BRAZIL

Author

Raphael de Vicq, Jorg Matschullat, Mariângela Garcia Praça Leite, Hermínio Arias Nalini Júnior, and Lucas Pereira Leão

Subjects
environmental geochemistry, background values, sediments, surface waters, geochemical mapping, iron quadrangle, brazil, Geology, QE1-996.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Geochemical mapping and the determination of baseline concentrations of potentially hazardous elements in the environment receive increasing attention. The need to know regional geochemical background data as well as the spatial allocation of areas with anomalous element concentrations and chances to identify their major sources motivate the interest. Here, results from a geochemical mapping exercise and derived related baseline values are presented. 541 stream sediment and surface waters samples have been collected across the Iron Quadrangle (IQ), Brazil, with a density of 1 sample per 13 km2. Geochemical maps were compiled using the inverse distance weighted (lDW) interpolation method. “Normal” background concentrations were distinguished from anomalies with the separation-by-concentration-range technique, where positive anomalies were defined by the “boxplot” Upper Inner Fence (UIF) rule. The results demonstrate that more than 70% of the IQ area shows geogenic background concentration ranges for the elements studied. About 20% of the area represent positive anomalies, likely related to both near surface rock types and to human interference. Distinct anthropogenic anomalies, notably from mining activities are identified in 5–10% of all samples. This first sampling in the IQ allows delineation of the role of lithology on the elemental composition of stream sediments, and to establish baseline values for the main river basins – thus pinpointing localities, cities and fluvial basins that are exposed to environmental risks and need to be protected.

Published
2018
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13. Determination of arsenic species in human urine using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Author

Sasan Rabieh, Alfred V. Hirner, and Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
ARSENIC, OXIDATION, HIGH performance liquid chromatography, INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Abstract

A speciation technique for arsenic (As) has been applied using ion pair reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ICP-MS). Six As-species (arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid, dimethylarsinous acid, monomethylarsonic acid and monomethylarsonous acid) have been separated with isocratic elution within less than 6 minutes. A cation exchange column was used for separation of AsB, AsC, Tetra (Me4As+) and TMAsO. The As chemical form and oxidation state is highly important in respect to toxicity; therefore total As-determination is insufficient for a complete toxicological evaluation and risk assessment. Arsenic-speciation has been studied on urine samples of children from an As-affected area in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil. DMAsV and MMAsV were the major urinary metabolites in these samples. The mean value for total As-concentration of all samples (n = 15) was 26.3 ng As mL−1 with a range of 16.1 to 55.2 ng As mL−1. TMAsO and AsC (arsenocholine) were not detected in this study. In most samples, monomethylarsonous acid [MMAsIII] was detected up to 2.0 ng As mL−1. DMAsIII was not detected at any time, most probably due to volatilisation and some oxidation to DMAsV. The chromatographic recoveries, calculated from ([sum(species) × 100]/total As in urine samples), ranged from 77.4 to 94.9%. This work also contributes to the pertinent discussion regarding the reliability of MMAsIII/DMAsIII speciation in urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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14. Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) Versus Rapeseed Plantations: Insights from Soil Respiration and Combustion Heat Per Area

Author

Kamal Zurba and Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
Willow, Rapeseed, biology, business.industry, Growing season, Soil respiration, SEMACH-FG, biology.organism_classification, Short rotation forestry, Renewable energy, climate change mitigation, Agronomy, Energy(all), Bioenergy, Environmental science, bioenergy crops, business, Hectare, manual dynamic closed chamber
Abstract

Bioenergy crops may be an important contributor to mitigating global warming risks. A comparison between willow and poplar Short Rotation Forestry and rapeseed cultivation was designed to evaluate the ratio between soil respiration and the combustion heat obtained from the extracted products per hectare. A manual dynamic closed chamber system was applied to measure CO 2 emissions at the SRF and rapeseed sites during the growing season. Our results show that poplar and willow SRF has a very low ratio compared to rapeseed. We thus recommend poplar and willow SRF as renewable sources for bioenergy over the currently prevalent rapeseed production.

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16. Life in extraordinary concentrations (a tribute to Peter Beuge)

Author

Jörg Matschullat

Subjects
Pollution, Sustainable development, Environmental protection, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil chemistry, Population growth, Ecotoxicology, Tribute, Environmental pollution, Biology, media_common
Abstract

Background Our growing humankind needs fertile soils for its sustainable development. Population growth and related use of resources, jointly with environmental pollution seem to contradict that demand. Recently available geochemical atlases allow for a better assessment of representative soil chemistry and potential pollution status, and thus for more efficient planning and development.

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17. October 2004.

Author

Jörg, Matschullat

Subjects
ORGANIC conductors
Abstract

Reviews the book "Organic Metal and Metalloid Species in the Environment," by Alfred V. Hirner and Hendrik Emons.

Published
2004
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18. Sustainable land-use alternatives in tropical rainforests? Evidence from natural and social sciences

Author

Matschullat, J��rg, Monteiro Bezerra de Lima, Roberval, von Fromm, Sophie F., Coimbra Martins, Gilvan, Schneider, Mauana, Mathis, Armin, Malheiros Ramos, Andrea, Plessow, Alexander, Kibler, Kelly, JÖRG MATSCHULLAT, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, ROBERVAL MONTEIRO BEZERRA DE LIMA, CPAA, SOPHIE F. VON FROMM, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, GILVAN COIMBRA MARTINS, CPAA, MAUANA SCHNEIDER, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, ARMIN MATHIS, Universidade Federal de Pará, ANDREA MALHEIROS RAMOS, INMET, ALEXANDER PLESSOW, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, and KELLY KIBLER, University of Central Florida.

Subjects
Solo, Soil, QE1-996.5, Amazon rainforest, Geoscience, Sustentabilidade, Geology, Terra firme, soil
Abstract

The Amazon rainforest, formerly pristine and highly biodiverse, is increasingly under threat from deforestation for cattle grazing, other forms of agriculture, mining and development. To better understand which land management type best serves sustainability aims, we compare soil gas exchange (CO2, CH4, N2O) and soil chemistry for forested land with post-forest land at 13 locations and 29 sites within the state of Amazonas, Brazil. We find that forest soils show distinctively different signals and signatures compared to soils in post-forest land use cases. Crucial answers emerge regarding the limits of system resilience as well as sustainable alternatives to deforestation and current land-use practices. We carry out a socioeconomic evaluation and discuss the likely reasons for inaction and how to overcome them. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-13T13:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EGJ52-Matschullat.pdf: 4203246 bytes, checksum: 50e97f5b5e13caf2b6c35b7e5396a30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Published
2021

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