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For use in Uzbek fields, a novel sort of corn-thresher machine was created and tested. To separate the cornhusks from the pods, the peeler bars were positioned symmetrically on the cornthresher machine’s rotor surface. However, around 4-5 percent grain was going out from machine’s outlet for pith and husk when the corn thresher was tested experimentally. It was decided to create the sieve in order to save losing grain from outlet. We observed the sieve theoretically to determine the optimal parameters for the corn thresher. The corn thresher machine was equipped with specific grain separator sieve in front of outlet. Some experimental researches were carried out to define optimal parameters of the sieve for developed corn-thresher machine. Minimal amount of grain and impurities in the grain that coming from outlet is ensured during the technological process of the machine. The corn-thresher machine uses the least amount of metal and energy while functioning qualitatively. The corn-thresher machine weighs 400 kg, uses 5 KW of power, and can process 4600 kg of grain per hour in pure time.

This paper inspects the intercommunication between inflation and economic growth for ten (10) selected countries using annual data series collected from World Bank Development Indicator. GDP and CPI data are used in this regard. Series are found to be stationary at level 1. Residual and Johansen Cointegration tests confirm the long-run relationship between variables. Short-run dynamics are checked by the Error Correction Model. Desired negative signs are contained in the ECT for all sequences, and absolute values are less than 1. Except for the UK data, the inflation imbalance will be adjusted by economic growth for all countries and vice versa. The ECT of India is observed to be high-0,736 and-0862, suggesting that 73% and 86% of imbalances would converge in long-term equilibrium owing to shifts in inflation and economic growth, respectively. The sensitivity of inflation to growth and vice versa varies from country to country. The study also shows that the association between inflation and economic growth is favorable for some countries and the opposite for other countries. Such outcomes lead policymakers to enact policies to regulate the economy in the context of macroeconomic management. Keywords: Multi-countries, Consumer Price Index, Economic growth rate, Cointegration, Error Correction Model. JEL Classifications: E20, E31, E32, O5, O40, O47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9942

Magnet Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), HiMag tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and Mgwell orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) are the first cultivars bred for higher magnesium uptake (high-Mg) to reduce grass tetany risk for ruminants. The experiment was conducted to evaluate whether magnesium (Mg) uptake efficiency by high-Mg cultivars is limited to specific phosphorus (P) levels, and to optimize P level for individual selections of high-Mg grasses in nutrient culture. The high-Mg cultivars were compared with two existing commercial cultivars viz., Tachiwase and Waseyutaka, of Italian ryegrass, Kentucky-31 (Ky-31) and Fawn of tall fescue, and Akimidori and Okamidori of orchardgrass, respectively. One-month aged seedlings were grown in controlled conditions with three P treatments of 0.1, 1, and 5 mM for 10 days and nutrient contents were determined. Increasing P fertilization increased shoot weights of the grasses. Shoot potassium (K) content of the high-Mg cultivars was lower than the commercial cultivars. In contrast, the high-Mg cultivars were consistently higher in shoot calcium (Ca) and Mg contents when compared to the commercial cultivars, irrespective of species, over P fertilization. While the shoot Mg and Ca contents increased, the K content and K/(Ca + Mg) decreased with increasing P fertilization, regardless of cultivars. Across the P levels, the high-Mg cultivars always showed a K/(Ca + Mg) value lower than 2.2, a safer value for grass tetany in ruminants. Irrespective of grass species, increasing P level reduced the K/(Ca + Mg) and the value became lowest at 5 mM P level. The highest relative range for shoot Mg content was obtained in 5 mM P level for Italian ryegrass (37.6%), tall fescue (30.1%), and orchardgrass (47.9%). Our results indicate the effectiveness of using 5 mM P level for screening high-Mg cool-season grass seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), poses serious concerns due to its detrimental public health effects. In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and sorption properties for Cr(VI) by MoS42- intercalated layered double hydroxide, CoAl-MoS4-LDH (CoAl-MoS4). Our results show that CoAl-MoS4 can effectively remove Cr(VI) ions from acidic, neutral, and basic media. At neutral medium, it exhibits a very strong affinity, Kd ∼ 1.91 × 105 mL/g, toward Cr(VI) ions. Under such conditions, this material can remove over 99% of Cr(VI) from a ∼104 ppb of Cr(VI) contaminated solutions, leaving behind residual concentration below the World Health Organization (WHO) defined limit for drinking water. Moreover, our study shows that CoAl-MoS4 is a highly-competent Cr(VI) adsorbent exhibiting a removal capacity (qm) as high as ∼231 mg/g. The CoAl-MoS4 follows pseudo-second order rate kinetics for the sorption of chromate, and the concentration dependent sorption data can be fitted well with the Langmuir sorption isotherm. Furthermore, CoAl-MoS4 is highly selective to Cr(VI) ions in the presence of various competitive ions in contaminated water systems. All these results suggest that CoAl-MoS4 is a very efficient sorbent for decontamination of hexavalent chromate from wastewater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide food security is a pressing concern as population increases. Thus, there is a need to increase food production on existing farmland while improving soil health and water quality. We report the effect of two conservation practices, flue‐gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (hereafter "gypsum") soil amendment and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, on soil chemistry. Emphasis was placed on extractability of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and plant nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, and S). Research was conducted under no‐till management for 5 yr at four sites. Treatments consisted of annual gypsum soil surface application (0, 1.1, and 2.2 Mg ha–1), with and without cover crops, and two crop rotations [corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and continuous soybean]. Soils collected at 0‐to‐15‐ and 15‐to‐30‐cm depths from each treatment at the end of the 5‐yr study were microwave‐digested with 3:1 HNO3/HCl and analyzed for trace metals and nutrients. Gypsum chemical analysis indicated it did not provide trace metals that impair soil/water quality. However, it did provide Ca, S, and other nutrients supporting plant growth. Furthermore, gypsum and cereal rye winter cover crop, relative to the control and under the conditions of this study, did not increase extractability of most trace metals from soils. The cover crop, relative to the control, also significantly decreased P extractability, suggesting cereal rye immobilizes P, potentially decreasing off‐site transport to water bodies. Under the conditions of this study, gypsum and winter cover cereal rye did not increase extractable trace metals. Core Ideas: Flue‐gas desulfurization gypsum amendments do not increase extractability of trace metals in soil.Flue‐gas desulfurization gypsum increased S and decreased K, P, Mn, Na, and Cr in the 15‐to‐30‐cm soil depth (p <.10).Cereal rye as a cover crop decreased extractable P in both the 0‐to‐15‐ and 15‐to‐30‐cm soil depths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study looks at the poetry of Hazrat Khawaja Ghulam Fareed (RA) through the humble lenses of stylistics and the sublime. The researchers have tried to explore various aspects of the celebrated Sufi Master's poetic style in the background of stylistic characteristics defined by Leech and Short (2013) and Leech (2014). The timehonoured poetry shows the versatile personality of Khawaja Fareed. Khawaja sahib's kafis show glimpses of his great status as a scholar, researcher, explorer, communicator and historian. The focal point of the current study is to arrive at or discover the new metaphor the great poet introduced as a poet. In addition, the study explores linguistic aspects found in his poetry. The article begins with introduction of relevant aspects of stylistics, briefs about Rohi and rounds off by comparing the stylistic and artistic accomplishments of Fareed with other poets of Persian, Urdu and English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon and nitrogen are stoichiometrically linked in soil organic matter to influence ecosystem services. The objective of our study was to determine the impact of Red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and Oak (Quercus coccifera) forest vegetation on soil aggregate protected carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry in the Goksu catchment of Turkey. Soils were collected form two randomly selected composite sampling sites under the cover of about 100 years old Red pine (RP1, RP2) and Oak (Ok1, Ok2) natural forests. Soils were air-dried, fractionated into different aggregate sizes (>2 mm, <2 mm, and 2 to 0.25 to 0.25 to 0.05 mm separately), and analysed for total organic C (SOC) and N (TN) contents. The highest SOC and TN content was determined in the Ah horizons of profile RP1, RP2 and Ok1 and the A1 horizon of profile Ok2. The <2 mm aggregates contain higher SOC and TN contents than the >2 mm aggregates in the Bw horizons of all the four soil profiles. The 0.25 to 0.05 mm aggregates had higher contents of SOC and TN than that of the 2 to 0.25 mm aggregates in the Bw horizon of all the soil profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of state-of-the-art assays for sensitive and specific detection of disease biomarkers has received significant interest for early detection and prevention of various diseases. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are two examples of proteins and nucleic acid detection assays respectively, which have been widely used for the sensitive detection of target analytes in biological fluids. Recently, immuno-PCR has emerged as a sensitive detection method, where high specificity of sandwich ELISA assays is combined with high sensitivity of PCR for trace detection of biomarkers. However, inherent disadvantages of immuno-PCR assays limit their application as rapid and sensitive detection method in clinical settings. With advances in nanomaterials, nanoparticles-based immunoassays have been widely used to improve the sensitivity and simplicity of traditional immunoassays. Owing to facile synthesis, surface functionalization, and superior optical and electronic properties, gold nanoparticles have been at the forefront of sensing and detection technologies and have been extensively studied to improve the efficacies of immunoassays. This review provides a brief history of immuno-PCR assays and specifically focuses on the role of gold nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA, PCR and immuno-PCR assays. Image 1 • History of PCR and immunoassays. • Role of nanoparticles in PCR and immunoassays. • Gold nanoparticles assisted Immuno-PCR assays. • Enhanced sensitivity, specificity and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has been conducted on the changes in gene expression of the model plant Arabidopsis to low-oxygen stress. Flooding results in a low oxygen environment in the root zone. However, there is ample evidence that tolerance to soil flooding is more than tolerance to low oxygen alone. In this study, we investigated the physiological response and differential expression of root-related transcription factors (TFs) associated with the tolerance of soybean plants to soil flooding. Differential responses of PI408105A and S99-2281 plants to ten days of soil flooding were evaluated at physiological, morphological and anatomical levels. Gene expression underlying the tolerance response was investigated using qRT-PCR of root-related TFs, known anaerobic genes, and housekeeping genes. Biomass of flood-sensitive S99-2281 roots remained unchanged during the entire 10 days of flooding. Flood-tolerant PI408105A plants exhibited recovery of root growth after 3 days of flooding. Flooding induced the development of aerenchyma and adventitious roots more rapidly in the flood-tolerant than the flood-sensitive genotype. Roots of tolerant plants also contained more ATP than roots of sensitive plants at the 7th and 10th days of flooding. Quantitative transcript analysis identified 132 genes differentially expressed between the two genotypes at one or more time points of flooding. Expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and formation of adventitious roots was induced earlier and to higher levels in roots of the flood-tolerant genotype. Three potential flood-tolerance TFs which were differentially expressed between the two genotypes during the entire 10-day flooding duration were identified. This study confirmed the expression of anaerobic genes in response to soil flooding. Additionally, the differential expression of TFs associated with soil flooding tolerance was not qualitative but quantitative and temporal. Functional analyses of these genes will be necessary to reveal their potential to enhance flooding tolerance of soybean cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualized text is the text resulting from the local circumstances and in accordance with learners' needs and cognition level. It also suggests that the text in use includes language, understandable to the target learners, and suits the philosophy and psychology of the learners and the society. Knowledge shifts from one context to another more successfully when the pupil understands not only the specific but also the generalized vision - the fundamental ideology, models, and associations attained through the application of comprehension. True experimental design is adopted for the research to explain the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Two groups (control and experimental) are selected randomly to conduct the experiment. The independent variable of the study is 'contextualized text' and dependent variable is 'writing skills' of the learners while learners' socioeconomic status is taken as an attribute variable. One public sector business school is selected randomly for the experiment from which 80 students were distributed in two groups as control and experimental groups with 40 students in each group through a process of randomization. Simple factorial design is selected to study the effects of attribute variable on the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics is used to convert the textual data into numerical one in order to make it measurable and statistically provable. ANOVA is used to draw inferences from the data obtained. The findings signify that improvement in students' learning is because of the treatment and their socioeconomic status has no effect on the improvement in performance of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundUric acid is associated with noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, vascular dementia, and hypertension. Therefore, uric acid is considered to be a risk factor for the development of noncommunicable diseases. Most studies on uric acid have been performed in developed countries, and the application of machine-learning approaches in uric acid prediction in developing countries is rare. Different machine-learning algorithms will work differently on different types of data in various diseases; therefore, a different investigation is needed for different types of data to identify the most accurate algorithms. Specifically, no study has yet focused on the urban corporate population in Bangladesh, despite the high risk of developing noncommunicable diseases for this population. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a model for predicting blood uric acid values based on basic health checkup test results, dietary information, and sociodemographic characteristics using machine-learning algorithms. The prediction of health checkup test measurements can be very helpful to reduce health management costs. MethodsVarious machine-learning approaches were used in this study because clinical input data are not completely independent and exhibit complex interactions. Conventional statistical models have limitations to consider these complex interactions, whereas machine learning can consider all possible interactions among input data. We used boosted decision tree regression, decision forest regression, Bayesian linear regression, and linear regression to predict personalized blood uric acid based on basic health checkup test results, dietary information, and sociodemographic characteristics. We evaluated the performance of these five widely used machine-learning models using data collected from 271 employees in the Grameen Bank complex of Dhaka, Bangladesh. ResultsThe mean uric acid level was 6.63 mg/dL, indicating a borderline result for the majority of the sample (normal range

The phosphorus-use efficiency of crops in high pH soil is low. A randomized complete block design in a 3 × 2 split-plot experiment was conducted on a high pH silt loam (Typic Ustochrepts) to evaluate whether P-solubilizing microbial (PSM) inocula were able to improve the P fertilization effects on irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL., cultivar CIM-482). Cotton was planted after seed treatment with PSM inoculation at 0, 22 and 44 kg P ha−1. Results showed that soil microbial populations were significantly higher throughout the cotton-growing season in response to P fertilization and PSM inoculation. Both P fertilization and PSM inocula exerted a significant effect on cotton biomass and Puptake without an interaction. Economic analyses suggest that PSM inocula alone significantly increased P-use efficiency (8%), reduced cost and improved net income (by $36 ha−1) of irrigated cotton production. Moreover, the relationship between relative yield and P fertilization with PSM inocula showed that 95% of the maximum yield of cotton was produced at 22 kg P ha−1, whereas in the absence of PSM inocula, 95% relative yield was obtained at 36 kg P ha−1, asaving of ∼39% applied P with PSM inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The impacts of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) in conservation agriculture need short-term evaluation before continuation of its long-term practice. A split-split plot experiment with tillage (minimum tillage, MT vs. conventional tillage, CT) as the main plot, residue (20% residue, R vs. no residue as a control, NR) as the sub-plot, and compost (Trichocompost, LC; bio-slurry, BS; and recommended fertilization, RD) as the sub-sub plot treatment was conducted for two consecutive years. Composite soils were collected after harvesting the sixth crop of an annual mustard-rice-rice rotation to analyze for nutrient distribution and soil structural stability. The LC increased rice equivalent yield by 2% over RD and 4% over BS, and nitrogen (N) uptake by 11% over RD and 10% over BS. Likewise, LC had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), N, and available sulphur (S) than BS and RD. Conversion of CT to MT reduced rice equivalent yield by 11%, N uptake by 26%, and N-use efficiency by 28%. Conversely, soil structural stability and elemental quality was greater in MT than in CT, indicating the potential of MT to sequester C, N, P, and S in soil aggregates. Residue management increased rice yield in the second year by 4% and corresponding N uptake by 8%. While MT reduced the yield, our results suggest that ISFM with Trichocompost and residue retention under MT improves soil fertility and physical stability to sustain crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination in drinking water is the most common form of environmental problems encountered in water resources management. Some contaminants, present accidentally in drinking water, are very difficult to remove, such as heavy elements that are products of industrial waste. Lead is one of the most difficult-to-remove elements. This paper proposes a novel process for removal of lead compounds contaminants from water. The proposed method shows great efficiency. The technique uses thermophilic bacteria found in the United Arab Emirates near Al-Ain town located in Abu-Dhabi Emirates. These bacteria were isolated and used in a reactor coupled with a membrane system. The bacteria, the stirrer and the membrane housed in the reactor are arranged in a distinctive way to form the novel bio-stabilization process proposed in this research. This proposed technique could be used at low cost and with great confidence in the purification of drinking water. The system was found to be adequate for concentrations of lead in the range of 5-40 ppm. At the end of the operation the lead concentration reaches the level allowed by the World Health Organization regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing throughout the world, including developing countries. ObjectiveThe intent was to conduct a study of a preventive medical service in a developing country, combining eHealth checkups and teleconsultation as well as assess stratification rules and the short-term effects of intervention. MethodsWe developed an eHealth system that comprises a set of sensor devices in an attaché case, a data transmission system linked to a mobile network, and a data management application. We provided eHealth checkups for the populations of five villages and the employees of five factories/offices in Bangladesh. Individual health condition was automatically categorized into four grades based on international diagnostic standards: green (healthy), yellow (caution), orange (affected), and red (emergent). We provided teleconsultation for orange- and red-grade subjects and we provided teleprescription for these subjects as required. ResultsThe first checkup was provided to 16,741 subjects. After one year, 2361 subjects participated in the second checkup and the systolic blood pressure of these subjects was significantly decreased from an average of 121 mmHg to an average of 116 mmHg (P

Soybean is an important economic crop in the world. Understanding how photosynthetic properties of soybeans responds to global climate-change scenarios is critical for improving crop production and conserving biodiversity to sustain crop productivity. In recent years, plant phenotyping is becoming increasingly important in plant biology and agriculture. The objective of our study was identifying the most important physiological parameters to select most adaptive parameters for soybean cultivars growing in Kazakhstan. A field trial was conducted at Aktobe agricultural experimental station in Kazakhstan on twelve soybean genotypes (K-9648 Maple Ridge-Canada, K-10925 Toury-Czech, Isidor-France, Samer 1- Russia, Samer 2-Russia, Samer 3 -Russia, Samer 5 -Russia, K-11004 Swapa-Russia, K-9587 Belor-Russia, Anastasya-Ukraine, Tanais-Ukraine, and Cheremosh- Ukraine), which were replicated four times to evaluate selected physiological features, by comparing MultispeQ field-based results with the currently established photosynq.org platforms in 2018. Using R statistical software, we evaluated for soybean leaf temperature, humidity and angle, LEF, NPQt, Phi2, PhiNO chlorophyll fractions and relative chlorophyll contents. Based on our result, the photosynthetical active radiation of soybean cultivars did not vary significantly. The linear regression model was able to predict leaf ambient temperatures, leaf temperature differentials, photosynthetic active radiation, chlorophyll (LEF and NPQ) fractions, and chlorophyll contents. Our analysis showed that these variables can be predicted using regression models, which were independent of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 13th Global CRO Council (GCC) closed forum for bioanalysis was held in New Orleans, LA, USA on 5 April 2019. This GCC meeting was organized to discuss the contents of the 2019 ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline published in February 2019 and consolidate the feedback of the GCC members. While ICH M10 will cover requirements for reference standards, one of the biggest challenges facing the CRO community is the lack of consistency and completeness of Certificates of Analysis for reference standards used in regulated bioanalysis. Similar challenges exist with critical reagents (e.g., capture and detection antibodies) used for assays supporting biologics. The recommendations provided in this publication are the minimum requirements for the content that GCC members believe should be included in Certificates of Analysis for reference standards obtained from commercial vendors, sponsors and compendial suppliers, for use in regulated bioanalytical studies. In addition, recommendations for internal standards, metabolites and critical reagents are discussed.