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209 results on '"Institut Royal des sciences naturelles"'

1. European Journal of Taxonomy

Author: Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France), Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museo nacional de ciencias naturales, Madrid, Natural History Museum, Londres, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Real jardín botánico, Madrid, Statens naturhistoriske museum, Danemark, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Allemagne, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
Published: 2011

2. Le gerfaut = De giervalk.

Author: Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique and American Museum of Natural History Library
Subjects: 59.82.06(49.3), Belgium, Birds, Periodicals
Published: 1911

3. European Journal of Taxonomy

Author: Natural History Museum (London, England), Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France), Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, Museo nacional de ciencias naturales, Madrid, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Real Jardín Botánico (Spain), Statens naturhistoriske museum, Danemark, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle

4. Home range and movements of houbara bustards introduced in the Najd Pediplain in Saudi Arabia

Author: Combreau, Olivier, Gelinaud, Guillaume, and Smith, Tommy R
Published: 2000
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5. Virtual reconstruction of the skull of Bernissartia fagesii and current understanding of the neosuchian–eusuchian transition

Author: Céline Salaviale, Jérôme Adrien, Jeremy E. Martin, Massimo Delfino, Thierry Smith, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Direction Ope'rationnelle Terre et Histoire de la Vie, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Extinct species, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Eusuchia, Virtual reconstruction, medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Eusuchia, Neosuchia, Cretaceous, Europe, phylogeny, ecology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Paleontology, social sciences, biology.organism_classification, humanities, Europe, Skull, Isisfordia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Geography, Evolutionary biology, Neosuchia, ecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Bernissartia
Abstract: International audience; Since the description of Isisfordia duncani, a number of new extinct species and revisions of previous species have prompted a variety of contradicting phylogenetic hypotheses on the 1
Published: 2020
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6. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana

Author: Natalia Ladino, Jérôme Orivel, Maurice Leponce, Sarah Groc, Alain Dejean, Mélanie Fichaux, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Weslly Franco, Laboratorio de Mirmecologia, CEPLAC, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Overseas department, Biology, Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, distribution, Animals, Humans, Amazon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ants, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Neotropical realm, Species diversity, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Checklist, Biodiversity hotspot, French Guiana, formicidae, Guiana Shield, Animal Science and Zoology, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, rainforest
Abstract: International audience; We provide here a checklist of the ants of French Guiana, an overseas department of France situated in northern South America, with a very low human population density and predominantly covered by old-growth tropical rainforests. Based on 165 scientific papers, specimens deposited in collections, and unpublished surveys, a total of 659 valid species and subspecies from 84 genera and 12 subfamilies is presented. Although far from complete, these numbers represent approximately 10% of the ant diversity known to occur in the Neotropical realm. Additionally, three ant genera and 119 species are reported for the first time for French Guiana. Finally, five species are recognized as erroneous records for the the department in the literature. This checklist significantly expands the basic knowledge of the ants in the Guiana Shield, one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots.
Published: 2019
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7. Late medieval stone mortars in the Meuse valley : trade up to Denmark ?

Author: Verbrugghe, Geert, Goemaere, Éric, Tourneur, Francis, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Verbrugghe, Geert
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, vijzel
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

8. Saproxylic beetles in tropical and temperate forests – A standardized comparison of vertical stratification patterns

Author: Maurice Leponce, Héctor Barrios, Andreas Floren, Alexey Tichechkin, Jiri Prochazka, Henri-Pierre Aberlenc, Gianfranco Curletti, Enrique Medianero, Laura L. Fagan, Matthias Weiss, Frode Ødegaard, Juergen Schmidl, Johannes Bail, Lukas Cizek, Yves Basset, Bruno Corbara, Jiri Schlaghamerský, Raphael K. Didham, MEA, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of South Bohemia, Masaryk University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy., Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany., Modélisation et Simulation Numérique en Mécanique et Génie des Procédés (MSNMGP), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sustainable forest management, Biodiversity, Rainforest, Stratification (vegetation), forêt tropicale, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Écologie forestière, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Forestry, Understory, 15. Life on land, biodiversité forestière, Coleoptera, Geography, Guild, Species richness, L20 - Écologie animale, Temperate rainforest, 010606 plant biology & botany, forêt tempérée
Abstract: Forests are complex three-dimensional ecosystems, but little is known about the influence of vertical stratification of forest structure on biodiversity and species turnover. Saproxylic beetles make a substantial contribution to forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling. Management measures aimed at supporting saproxylic biodiversity are becoming an integral part of sustainable forest management practices. Yet, monitoring is carried out under the assumption that saproxylic activity at ground level will be a realistic reflection of saproxylic biodiversity in the forest as a whole. To investigate the validity of this assumption we compare vertical stratification and composition of saproxylic beetle assemblages between three forest types of varying altitude and latitude, including a tropical lowland forest in Panama, a temperate lowland forest and a temperate montane forest, both in the eastern Czech Republic. Beetles were sampled following a standardized sampling protocol using flight intercept traps arranged in vertical transects. Overall, the tropical forest was estimated to harbour two to three times more saproxylic beetle species than the temperate lowland and the montane forest, respectively. However, point richness estimates within vertical strata were remarkably similar between biomes. Species richness was similar in the understorey of all three forests. It peaked in the canopy of the tropical forest but in the understorey of temperate forests. So, while the beetle assemblages were clearly vertically stratified in all three forest types, stratification patterns varied markedly between tropical and temperate forests. This trend is driven primarily by the high richness of saproxylic beetles in the tropical forest canopy. However these richness differences belie the strong similarities in stratification of feeding guild composition observed all three forest types. This would tend to suggest that similar trophic structuring forces might operate across very different forest biomes of the world. Similarities in feeding guild composition suggest that management measures aiming at conserving biodiversity of saproxylic beetles are likely to be effective across different forest types. The differences in vertical stratification, however, suggest that understorey monitoring alone will be insufficient to understand management effects on saproxylic biodiversity. In the tropics, in particular, more emphasis will need to be placed on managing the diverse, three-dimensional structure of forest canopies as habitat for saproxylic beetles.
Published: 2019
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9. Cave dripwater isotopic signals related to the altitudinal gradient of Mount-Lebanon: implication for speleothem studies

Author: Carole Nehme, Dominique Genty, David Verstraten, Kevin De Bont, Sophie Verheyden, Jocelyne Adjizian-Gérard, Fadi H. Nader, Philippe Clayes, Ghada Salem, Bénédicte Minster, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: QE1-996.5, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, QH301-705.5, drip water, Speleothem, Geology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mount, Paleontology, caves, Cave, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, isotopic signal, Biology (General), Lebanon, altitude gradient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; An important step in paleoclimate reconstructions based on vadose cave carbonate deposits or speleothems is to evaluate the sensitivity of the cave environment and speleothems to regional climate. Accordingly, we studied four caves, located at different altitudes along the western flank of Mount-Lebanon (Eastern Mediterranean). The objectives of this study are to identify the present-day variability in temperature, pCO 2 , and water isotopic composition and to assess the possible influence of the altitudinal gradient on cave drip waters and cave streams. We present here an overview of the spatial variability of rainwater based on local and regional data, and we compare these data with our results, i.e., temperature, air pCO 2 , and the isotopic composition of cave water and modern cave calcite collected in 2011 and 2014. The results show that the rainwater isotopic signal is generally preserved in the cave dripwater isotopic composition with some exceptions in large caves with high ceilings where evaporation effects may influence its isotopic composition. The altitude effect observed in rainwater isotopic composition seems to be transferred to the cave dripwater. Different δ 18 O/100 m gradients between dripwater and rainwater (0.13‰ and 0.21‰, respectively) are noted. This is mainly attributed to the δ 18 O/100 m value of the dripwater which is site-specific and dependent on i) local processes within the epikarst/soil, ii) the relation to the precipitation altitude gradient and iii) the extension of the defined infiltration basin. drip water, isotopic signal, Lebanon, caves, altitude gradient
Published: 2019
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10. Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus in Neandertals, Australian aborigines and medieval humans

Author: Antoine Balzeau, Anna Maria Kubicka, Janusz Piontek, Wioletta Nowaczewska, Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0106 biological sciences, Upper Arms, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Population, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Computed tomography, Biology, History, 21st Century, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Anthropology, Physical, Young Adult, medicine, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Humerus, education, History, Ancient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Neanderthals, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Farmers, 060101 anthropology, Body proportions, Anatomy, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometry, Bilateral asymmetry, medicine.diagnostic_test, Biomechanical stress, 06 humanities and the arts, Anatomy, History, Medieval, medicine.anatomical_structure, Homo sapiens, Anthropology, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Objectives Bilateral asymmetry of diaphyseal shape and size may be a reflection of relative activity levels and patterns of habitual biomechanical stress in the upper arms of Neandertals and Homo sapiens. The main purpose of our study was to assess the level of directional asymmetry of humeral cross sections in Neandertals, recent Australian aborigines, and medieval farmers. Materials and methods Indices of directional and absolute asymmetry (%DA and %AA) of humeral cross-sectional properties in Neandertals and recent Homo sapiens were calculated. Evenly distributed semilandmarks around the external and internal borders of cortical bone were digitized in the course of computed tomography for analysis of shape differences between sides of the body. Results The medieval farmers were characterized by significant %DA and %AA for polar second moment of area (J), ratio of maximum to minimum second moments of area, and ratio of antero-posterior to medio-lateral bending strength. In Australian aborigines, only J in males shows significant %DA and %AA, while Neandertals exhibit no significant asymmetry of any cross-sectional properties. Differences in cross-sectional shape between sides of the body were established in all three analyzed groups. Discussion High levels of directional asymmetry of cross-sectional shape and properties in medieval farmers may be caused by the performance of more physically demanding tasks using one side of the body from an early age in that population. Various patterns of asymmetry in Neandertals and modern humans may be caused by different habitual behaviors during growth, eco-geographic patterns in body proportions, genetic factors, and differences in ontogeny.
Published: 2018
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11. La Ferrassie 1: New perspectives on a 'classic' Neandertal

Author: Nohemi Sala, Antoine Balzeau, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, James C. Ohman, Rolf Quam, Morgane Bardey, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Binghamton University [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique
Subjects: Male, 010506 paleontology, Left clavicle, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Paleopathology, Incus, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Ribs, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Fractures, Bone, medicine, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stapes, Ear Ossicles, Neanderthals, QM, Ossicular chain, 060101 anthropology, Fossils, Malleus, 06 humanities and the arts, Anatomy, Spine, Vertebra, Right middle ear, medicine.anatomical_structure, GN, Anthropology, France, Bone Diseases
Abstract: International audience; The La Ferrassie 1 (LF1) skeleton, discovered over a century ago, is one of the most important Neandertal individuals both for its completeness and due to the role it has played historically in the interpretation of Neandertal anatomy and lifeways. Here we present new skeletal remains from this individual, which include a complete right middle ear ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes), three vertebral fragments, and two costal remains. Additionally, the study of the skeleton has allowed us to identify new pathological lesions, including a congenital variant in the atlas, a greenstick fracture of the left clavicle, and a lesion in a mid-thoracic rib of unknown etiology. In addition, we have quantified the amount of vertebral pathology, which is greater than previously appreciated. We have complemented the paleopathological analysis with a taphonomic analysis to identify any potential perimortem fractures. The taphonomic analysis indicates that no surface alteration is present in the LF1 skeleton and that the breakage pattern is that of bone that has lost collagen, which would be consistent with the intentional burial of this individual proposed by previous researchers. In this study, we used CT and microCT scans in order to discover new skeletal elements to better characterize the pathological lesions and to quantify the fracture orientation of those bones in which the current plaster reconstruction did not allow its direct visualization, which underlines the broad potential of imaging technologies in paleoanthropological research. A century after its discovery, LF1 is still providing new insights into Neandertal anatomy and behavior.
Published: 2018
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12. Did Cro-Magnon 1 have neurofibromatosis type 1?

Author: Becam, Gaël, Verna, Christine, Gómez‐Robles, Aida, Gómez‐Olivencia, Asier, Albessard, Lou, Arnaud, Julie, Frelat, Mélanie, Madelaine, S., Schwab, Catherine, Souday, Caroline, Turq, Alain, Balzeau, Antoine, Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6578 : Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle (UAABC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musée d'archéologie nationale, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Neurofibromatosis 1, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Hominidae, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, X ray computed, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neurofibromatosis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Ant–plant relationships in the canopy of an Amazonian rainforest: the presence of an ant mosaic

Author: Dejean, Alain, Orivel, Jérôme, Leponce, Maurice, Compin, Arthur, Delabie, Jacques, Azémar, Frédéric, Corbara, Bruno, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratorio de Mirmecologia, CEPLAC, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Using different techniques to access the canopy of an Amazonian rainforest, we inspected 157 tree crowns for arbo-real ants. Diversity statistics showed that our study sample was not representative of the tree and ant populations due to their high diversity in Amazonian rainforests, but permitted us to note that a representative part of territorially dominant arboreal ant species (TDAAs) was inventoried. Mapping of TDAA territories and use of a null model showed the presence of an ant mosaic in the upper canopy, but this was not the case in the sub-canopy. Among the TDAAs, carton-nesting Azteca dominated (52.98% of the trees) whereas ant-garden ants (Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior), common in pioneer formations, were secondarily abundant (21.64% of the trees), and the remaining 25.37% of trees sheltered one of 11 other TDAAs. The distribution of the trees forming the upper canopy influences the structure of the ant mosaic, which is related to the attractiveness of some tree taxa for certain arboreal ant species and represents a case of diffuse coevolution. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: ant mosaics-host tree attractiveness-indicators of disturbance-pristine Amazonian rainforest-territoriality.
Published: 2018

14. Gallo-Roman millstone supply of a hinterland territory limited by the North Sea and the Ardennes: the example of the Macquenoise sandstone (France-Belgium)

Author: Picavet, Paul, Reniere, Sibrecht, Cnudde, Veerle, Declercq, Wim, Dreesen, Roland, Fronteau , Gilles, Goemaere, Éric, Hartoch, Else, Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Groupe d'Étude sur les Géomatériaux et Environnements Naturels, Anthropiques et Archéologiques - EA 3795 (GEGENAA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Service Géologique de Belgique, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

15. The Holocene history of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and viticulture in France retraced from a large-scale archaeobotanical dataset

Author: Bouby, Laurent, Chabal, Lucie, Bonhomme, Vincent, Baly, Isabelle, Battentier, Janet, Ben Makhad, Sammy, Bonnaire, Emmanuelle, Cabanis, Manon, Callou, Cécile, Cenzon-Salvayre, Carine, Coubray, Sylvie, Daoulas, Geneviève, Delhon, Claire, Derreumaux, Marie, Dhesse, Priscille, Dietsch Sellami, Marie-France, Dufraisse, Alexa, Durand, Aline, Durand, Frédérique, Figueiral, Isabel, Flottes, Laurie, Gillot, Isabelle, Hallavant, Charlotte, Henry, Auréade, Jeanty, Angèle, Jedrusiak, Florian, Liottier, Léonor, Marinval, Philippe, Martin, Lucie, Neveu, Elsa, Paradis, Laure, Pinaud-Querrac'H, Rachël, Poirier, Philippe, Pradat, Bénédicte, Preiss, Sidonie, Rovira, Núria, Ros, Jérôme, Salavert, Aurélie, Schaal, Caroline, Thiébault, Stéphanie, Tillier, Margaux, Toulemonde, Françoise, Vaschalde, Christophe, Wiethold, Julian, Ruas, Marie-Pierre, Matterne, Véronique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bases de données sur la Biodiversité, Ecologie, Environnement et Sociétés (BBEES), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hadès - Bureau d'Investigations Archéologiques, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was funded by French National Agency, ANR-16-CE27-0013 'Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Âge. Approche intégrée en archéosciences' and ANR-22-CE27-0026 'Modelling interactions between climate change and agriculture in the ancient west'. It also received support from the CNRS GDR 3644 Bioarcheodat, Opération 4 «Recherches collaboratives et thématiques»., ANR-16-CE27-0013,VINICULTURE,Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences(2016), and ANR-22-CE27-0026,MICA,Modéliser les Interactions entre changement Climatique et Agriculture en Occident ancien(2022)
Subjects: Domestication, Diffusion, Biogeography, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Charcoal, Paleontology, Seed/fruit, Human-plant interaction, Archaeobotany, Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, Diet
Abstract: Grapevine and wine have deeply shaped the landscapes, economy and cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean. In France, it is considered that viticulture started in the south via contacts with Mediterranean populations (Greeks, Etruscans, Phoenicians), during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE, and spread further with the Romans. Wild grapevines were nevertheless present in various areas of the country all through the Holocene. No archaeological or historical source allows us to follow the history of grapevine and viticulture over the entire Holocene period and over the whole territory.In this paper we investigate the potential of archaeological plant macroremains (seed/fruits and wood) to trace the history of the vine on a large scale. We have assembled the largest possible database of published and unpublished archaeobotanical data, comprising 4449 site-phases for seed and fruits and 1356 site-phases for wood remains. In spite of taphonomic discrepancies and imbalances in the datasets, the different types of macroremains and modes of preservation produce consistent patterns. They provide the first comprehensive picture of the spread of grapevine, fluctuations in the economic role of viticulture and grape uses over time, although some periods and regions are less documented.Grapevine remains are regularly recorded from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age in most regions showing that human societies were already familiar with the wild plant and its fruits, especially in the Mediterranean. In this region, Vitis remains become considerably more frequent and numerous during the Iron Age, from around 500 BCE onwards, testifying to the rapid and strong implantation of viticulture. Grapevine macroremains confirm that the spread of viticulture outside the Mediterranean area occurred mainly during the Roman period. However, this expansion was limited and mainly focused on the South. The main expansion into the temperate zone took place during the Middle Ages. However, the more detailed fluctuations of viticulture, particularly in relation to climate oscillations are still difficult to follow. Pip remains are mainly associated with urban sites. This is a consequence of the actual consumption of grapes and may be evidence of a viticulture centered around urban areas.
Published: 2023
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16. Querns and mills during Roman times at the northern frontier of the Roman Empire (Belgium, Northern France, Southern Netherlands, Western Germany): Unraveling geological and geographical provenances, a multidisciplinary research project

Author: Eric Goemaere, Wim De Clercq, Else Hartoch, Gilles Fronteau, Tatjana M. Gluhak, Paul Picavet, Roland Dreesen, Sibrecht Reniere, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Service Géologique de Belgique, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Groupe d'Étude sur les Géomatériaux et Environnements Naturels, Anthropiques et Archéologiques - EA 3795 (GEGENAA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Mainz University, Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Groupe-Meule, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Rosenberg, Danny, Rowan, Yorke, Gluhak, Tatjana, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), and Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA)
Subjects: Provenance, provenance study, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, millstone, Structural basin, Germania Inferior, Millstone, ground stone tools, querns, Gallia Belgica, lcsh:CC1-960, 060201 languages & linguistics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geoarchaeology, History and Archaeology, GEOCHEMICAL DATA, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Roman Empire, TRADE, Volcanic rock, 0602 languages and literature, Period (geology), lcsh:Archaeology, Sedimentary rock, geoarchaeology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents the results of a multi-disciplinary provenance study of querns and millstones during the Roman period (1st-4th century CE) in the northern part of the Roman Empire (provinces of Gallia Belgica and Germania Inferior). Comparative petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical analysis allowed an international team of archaeologists and geologists to identify the different raw materials used for the manufacturing of querns and millstones. As a result, (litho-) stratigraphic assignments as well as geological-geographical provenances are suggested or corroborated for the broad spectrum of these natural geo-materials. We give evidence for the exploitation of at least seven different rock types. They include sedimentary rocks (fine- to coarse-grained quartzitic and arkosic sandstones, conglomerates, limestones) and volcanic rocks (vesicular lavas) derived from different geological strata in the following geological-geographical settings: the volcanic Eifel area (Pleistocene lava), the Ardennes Massif (Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks) and the Paris and Northern Sea Basin (Cenozoic sedimentary rocks). Furthermore we show that a large diversity existed within different productions (different types of hand-mills and mechanical powered mills) and distribution patterns. This paper provides new data which will lead to new insights into the socio-economics of the local “Gallo-Roman” communities and into their networks within the northern Roman Empire.
Published: 2016
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17. The dynamics of ant mosaics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm

Author: Dejean, Alain, Azemar, Frédéric, Céréghino, Régis, Leponce, Maurice, Corbara, Bruno, Orivel, Jérôme, Compin, Arthur, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

18. The 'Arkose of Macquenoise': a suitable Lochkovian raw material for ancient millstones: quarries, properties, manufacture and distribution (France-Belgium)

Author: Picavet, Paul, Reniere, Sibercht, Cnudde, Veerle, De Clercq, Wim, Deru, Xavier, Dreesen, Roland, Fronteau , Gilles, Goemaere, Eric, Hartoch, Else, Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Groupe d'Étude sur les Géomatériaux et Environnements Naturels, Anthropiques et Archéologiques - EA 3795 (GEGENAA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Service Géologique de Belgique, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Coquelet C., Creemers G., Dreesen R., Goemaere E, Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

19. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Author: Alexander Peltzer, Dorothée G. Drucker, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Stephan Schiffels, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Swapan Mallick, Svante Pääbo, Michael P. Richards, Daniel Fernandes, Martin Petr, Manuel R. González Morales, Marco Peresani, Jiří Svoboda, V. S. Slavinsky, Janet Kelso, David Reich, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Pontus Skoglund, E. Vacca, Francesco Mallegni, Donato Coppola, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Cosimo Posth, Nadin Rohland, Kurt Wehrberger, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Birgit Nickel, A. A. Tsybankov, Viviane Slon, Nicholas J. Conard, Stefano Ricci, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Corinne Thevenet, Qiaomei Fu, Lawrence Guy Straus, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Frédérique Valentin, Johannes Krause, Iain Mathieson, Silviu Constantin, Mateja Hajdinjak, Sahra Talamo, Bernard Gély, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi, Dan Grigorescu, David Caramelli, Mark Lipson, Matthias Meyer, Damien Flas, Stefano Benazzi, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Iosif Lazaridis, Martina Lari, Hervé Bocherens, Wolfgang Haak, Katerina Harvati, Patrick Semal, Christophe Cupillard, Hélène Rougier, Ron Pinhasi, Marcello A. Mannino, Anja Furtwängler, Nikolai I. Drozdov, Department of Genetics [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard School of Public Health, School of Archaeology [Dublin], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Evolutianory Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Nuffield Department of Medicine, Service régional de l'Archéologie Rhône-Alpes, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratory of Excellence for Financial Regulation (LABEX ReFi), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institutul de Speologie ‘Emil Racoviţă', Str. Frumoasă 31, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Information Engineering [Firenze], U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ', Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum Ulm, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, University of Tübingen, Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Department of Physics, University of Sussex, Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, School of Archaeology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Centre International de Recherche Archéologique sur la Polynésie (CIRAP), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie (MPI-EVA), University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente., Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoecol, Palaeoanthropol, Tubingen, Germany, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Qiaomei, Fu, Posth, Cosimo, Hajdinjak, Mateja, Petr, Martin, Mallick, Swapan, Fernandes, Daniel, Furtwängler, Anja, Haak, Wolfgang, Meyer, Matthia, Mittnik, Alissa, Nickel, Birgit, Peltzer, Alexander, Rohland, Nadin, Slon, Viviane, Talamo, Sahra, Lazaridis, Iosif, Lipson, Mark, Mathieson, Iain, Schiffels, Stephan, Skoglund, Pontu, Derevianko, Anatoly P., Drozdov, Nikolai, Slavinsky, Vyacheslav, Tsybankov, Alexander, Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni, Mallegni, Francesco, Gély, Bernard, Vacca, Eligio, Morales, Manuel R. González, Straus, Lawrence G., Neugebauer Maresch, Christine, Teschler Nicola, Maria, Constantin, Silviu, Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Benazzi, Stefano, Peresani, Marco, Coppola, Donato, Lari, Martina, Ricci, Stefano, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Valentin, Frédérique, Thevenet, Corinne, Wehrberger, Kurt, Grigorescu, Dan, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Flas, Damien, Semal, Patrick, Mannino, Marcello A., Cupillard, Christophe, Bocherens, Hervé, Conard, Nicholas J., Harvati, Katerina, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Drucker, Dorothée G., Svoboda, Jiří, Richards, Michael P., Caramelli, David, Pinhasi, Ron, Kelso, Janet, Patterson, Nick, Krause, Johanne, Pääbo, Svante, and Reich, David
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Neanderthal, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Neanderthal genome project, migration, Ancient Modern Humans, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ice Cover, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Modern Humans, Neanderthals, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ancient DNA, Human migration, Biological Evolution, Founder Effect, Pleistocene, Europe, Ethnology, Female, Ancient DNA, Ancient Modern Humans, Neanderthals, Human, Animals, DNA, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetics, Population, Human Migration, Humans, Middle East, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Medicine (all), Archaeogenetics, Time Factor, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Modern Humans, Genetics, Pleistocene, Europe, migration, culture, Europe glaciaire, Population, Socio-culturale, Biology, Article, White People, Prehistory, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], biology.animal, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, Population Dynamic, Homo sapiens, Animal, business.industry, culture, 030104 developmental biology, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business, génome humain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Founder effect
Abstract: Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.
Published: 2016
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20. Contribution à la stratigraphie du site paléolithique de Mezhyrich (Ukraine)

Author: Dmytro Nuzhnyi, Hélène Valladas, Freddy Damblon, Paul Haesaerts, Stéphane Péan, Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Geography, History and Philosophy of Science, Anthropology, 0601 history and archaeology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Resume Cet article presente les resultats de l’approche geoarcheologique developpee pour le site epigravettien de Mezhyrich (Ukraine) dans le cadre du projet ANR « Mammouths – La disparition de la steppe a mammouths : relations homme/environnements a la fin du Pleniglaciaire superieur en Europe orientale ». Centree sur l’analyse microstratigraphique d’une sequence lœssique complexe, la demarche a permis l’insertion a l’echelle du site des donnees archeologiques, environnementales et chronologique, situant l’activite des chasseurs epigravettiens entre ca 18 300 et 17 400 avant le present, au cours d’une periode froide marquee par de forts contrastes climatiques et environnementaux.
Published: 2015
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21. How territoriality and host-tree taxa determine the structure of ant mosaics

Author: Dejean, Alain, Ryder, Suzanne, Bolton, Barry, Compin, Arthur, Leponce, Maurice, Azemar, Frédéric, Céréghino, Régis, Orivel, Jérôme, Corbara, Bruno, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

22. Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure

Author: Sarah Groc, Stacy M. Philpott, Benjamin D. Hoffmann, Crisanto Gómez, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, Robert R. Dunn, Jessica M. C. Pearce-Duvet, John E. Lattke, Lori Lach, Jorge Luiz Pereira Souza, Donato A. Grasso, Raphaël Boulay, John T. Longino, David A. Donoso, Donald H. Feener, Martin Pfeiffer, Omid Paknia, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Dirk Mezger, Xavier Arnan, Tom R. Bishop, Brain Heterick, Catherine L. Parr, Thinandavha C. Munyai, Nathan J. Sanders, Manoli Photakis, Alan N. Andersen, Martha L. Enríquez, Israel Del Toro, Jean-Philippe Lessard, Elena Angulo, Alessandra Mori, Andrea Lucky, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Melanie Tista, Jonathan Majer, Merav Vonshak, Simon J. Watson, Tom M. Fayle, Sílvia Abril, Sean B. Menke, Mireia Diaz, Heloise Gibb, Inge Armbrecht, Maurice Leponce, Cristina Castracani, Thibaut Delsinne, Department of Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Estacion Biologica de Donana. Avda. Americo Vespucio, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Centre for Tropical Biology and Climate Change, Museo Inst. Zoologia Agricola, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., University of Utah, Department of Biology, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], SESCPF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, Institute of Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, TiHo Hannover, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Magillem Design Services, Department of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, Department of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Steinmetz Hall - Entomology and Nematology Department [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Climate, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Climate change, dominance, global warming, Medical and Health Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Climate Effect, Animals, Community Structure, assemblage structure, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, Animal, Ants, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, species evenness, Global warming, Temperature, Species Diversity, Disturbance, General Medicine, Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, Arid, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Species evenness, Ant, Species richness, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, probability of interspecific encounter
Abstract: Many studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on biological assemblages, yet little is known about howclimate interacts with other major anthropogenic influences on biodiversity, such as habitat disturbance. Using a unique global database of 1128 local ant assemblages, we examined whether climate mediates the effects of habitat disturbance on assemblage structure at a global scale. Species richness and evenness were associated positively with temperature, and negatively with disturbance. However, the interaction among temperature, precipitation and disturbance shaped species richness and evenness. The effectwas manifested through a failure of species richness to increase substantially with temperature in transformed habitats at low precipitation. At low precipitation levels, evenness increased with temperature in undisturbed sites, peaked at medium temperatures in disturbed sites and remained low in transformed sites. In warmer climates with lower rainfall, the effects of increasing disturbance on species richness and evenness were akin to decreases in temperature of up to 98C. Anthropogenic disturbance and ongoing climate change may interact in complicated ways to shape the structure of assemblages, with hot, arid environments likely to be at greatest risk. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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23. Traits allowing some ant species to nest syntopically with the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range

Author: Dejean, A., Corbara, B., Cereghino, R., Leponce, M., Roux, Olivier, Rossi, V., Delabie, J. H. C., Compin, A., Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., MeForBio, Laboratoire d'Informatique du Littoral (LIL), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Laboratorio de Mirmecologia, CEPLAC, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: species coexistence, fungi, Comportement, Solenopsis saevissima, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, habitat, ant community, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, fire ants, invasive species, supercoloniality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Dynamique des populations, L20 - Écologie animale, Adaptation, Solenopsis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Supercolonies of the red fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) develop in disturbed environments and likely alter the ant community in the native range of the species. For example, in French Guiana only 8 ant species were repeatedly noted as nesting in close vicinity to its mounds. Here, we verified if a shared set of biological, ecological, and behavioral traits might explain how these 8 species are able to nest in the presence of S. saevissima. We did not find this to be the case. We did find, however, that all of them are able to live in disturbed habitats. It is likely that over the course of evolution each of these species acquired the capacity to live syntopically with S. saevissima through its own set of traits, where colony size (4 species develop large colonies), cuticular compounds which do not trigger aggressiveness (6 species) and submissive behaviors (4 species) complement each other.
Published: 2015

24. An archaeothanatological approach to the study of Minoan funerary practices. Case-studies from the Early and Middle Minoan cemetery at Sissi, Crete

Author: Isabelle Crevecoeur, Aurore Schmitt, Ilse Schoep, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bronze Age, funerary practices, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, 060102 archaeology, Osteology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Minoan, Social Sciences, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Crete, archaeothanatology, préhistoire, 0601 history and archaeology, Sissi, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Our understanding of Minoan funerary practices in the Early and Middle Bronze Age on Crete was until recently to a large degree informed by the excavations of cemeteries that took place early in the 20th century. However, the aforementioned excavations are characterized by a significant lack of detailed archaeological data regarding the precise positions of osteological remains and the actual treatment of the body. The excavation of the Early Minoan II-Middle Minoan II cemetery at Sissi (ca. 2650-1720 B.C.) focused on a more complete characterization of the complexity and variation in Minoan funerary practices. Using archaeothanatology and involving field anthropologists from the first stages of excavation, precise and reliable interment sequences and (successive) treatments of the bodies were reconstructed. The result is a more nuanced understanding of primary and secondary burials and in turn contemporary Minoan society.
Published: 2015
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25. Biodiversity in mountain groundwater: the Mercantour National Park (France) as a European hotspot

Author: Florian Malard, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Dominique Philippe Martin, Patrick Martin, Pierre Marmonier, Frank Fiers, Diana M. P. Galassi, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lumbriculidae, source, Fauna, Earth science, Annelida, Hexanauplia, Biodiversity, Drainage basin, Momoniidae, Biodiversity hotspot, Groundwater invertebrates, Hyporheic zone, Mercantour National Park, Spring, Stygobionts, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cyclopoida, 01 natural sciences, zone hyporhéique, hyporheic zone, « hotspot » de biodiversité, Parc national du Mercantour, Parastenocarididae, Malacostraca, Enchytraeida, Candonidae, geography.geographical_feature_category, Hydrogeology, spring, Ecology, National park, Harpacticoida, stygobionts, Bogidiellidae, 6. Clean water, Clitellata, Bathynellidae, Isopoda, biodiversity hotspot, Arthropoda, Evolution, Ostracoda, Aquifer, Trombidiformes, Canthocamptidae, 010603 evolutionary biology, Cyprididae, invertébrés souterrains, Behavior and Systematics, Arachnida, Asellidae, Animalia, Amphipoda, 14. Life underwater, Enchytraeidae, Taxonomy, geography, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Parabathynellidae, Nerillidae, Polychaeta, Niphargidae, 15. Life on land, Cyclopidae, Podocopida, 13. Climate action, Bathynellacea, Salentinellidae, stygobies, Aturidae, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Groundwater, Lumbriculida
Abstract: International audience; Mercantour National Park (France) is recognized as a highly heterogeneous region with extremely varied geology, geomorphology and climatology, resulting in an exceptional biodiversity. From a hydrogeological point of view, it is also an area organized into small and discontinuous aquifers, the obligate groundwater fauna of which (stygobionts) remains absolutely unknown. This work explores the species richness of groundwaters in the Mercantour National Park, using a sampling design at the catchment (six major valleys) and aquifer (aquifers in consolidated rocks and unconsolidated sedi- ments) scales. A major finding of this study is the discovery of 44 species restricted to groundwater, of which 43 are new to the Park and ten are new to Science. Although a relatively small number of sites were sampled (53), the area may be considered as a new hotspot of groundwater biodiversity at the European level. The particular structure of the groundwater network, the high environmental heterogeneity of the region and its Mediterranean position may explain such a high biodiversity. The species rarefaction curve showed that many species have yet to be discovered in groundwater of the Mercantour National Park. With more than 78% of species collected in the hyporheic zone, this study also highlights the importance of porous aquifers in sustaining the groundwater biodiversity of mountainous regions.; Biodiversité dans les eaux souterraines de montagne. Le Parc national du Mercantour : un « hotspot » européen.Le Parc national du Mercantour est une région physiquement très hétérogène, avec des faciès géolo- giques, géomorphologiques et climatologiques extrêmement variés, à l’origine d’une biodiversité exceptionnelle. D’un point de vue hydrogéologique, son réseau souterrain est organisé en aquifères discontinus et de petite taille, dont la faune aquatique (stygobie) est aujourd’hui inconnue. Ce travail explore la richesse spécifique des eaux souterraines du Parc national du Mercantour, après la mise en œuvre d’un plan d’échantillonnage prenant en compte l’hétérogénéité environnementale à l’échelle du bassin versant (six vallées majeures) et de l’aquifère (aquifère fissuré ou poreux). Le premier fait marquant est la récolte de 44 espèces stygobies, dont 43 nouvelles pour le parc et dix nouvelles pour la Science. Sur la base d’un nombre relativement faible de sites (53), cette zone peut être considérée comme un nouveau « hotspot » de biodiversité des eaux souterraines à l’échelle européenne. La struc- ture particulière du réseau hydrogéologique, l’hétérogénéité environnementale élevée, et la position méditerranéenne de cette région, pourraient expliquer une telle biodiversité. La courbe de raréfaction des espèces montre que nos connaissances sur le Mercantour sont néanmoins loin d’être complètes et que de nombreuses espèces restent encore à découvrir. Avec plus de 78 % des espèces récoltées dans la zone hyporhéique, ce travail souligne également le rôle des aquifères poreux, dans le maintien de la biodiversité des eaux souterraines de montagne.
Published: 2015
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26. A historical ecology of the Ecrins (Southern French Alps): Archaeology and palaeoecology of the Mesolithic to the Medieval period

Author: Suzi Richer, Florence Mocci, R. Sinet, Frédéric Guiter, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Stephan Tzortzis, Kevin Walsh, Brigitte Talon, Mona Court-Picon, Dept of Archaeology, University of York [York, UK], Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECCOREV - ARCHIPEL-Ecrins « ARCHéologie, Impact anthropique et PaléoEcoLogie dans le massif des Ecrins », Conséquences des dynamiques de peuplement humain sur le paysage, depuis l’étage montagnard jusqu’à l’étage alpin (coord. B. Talon, IMEP), du GDR 'JurAlp' « Dynamique holocène de l’environnement dans le Jura et les Alpes:du climat à l’homme » 2006-2009 (Sections 31, 32 et 20 du CNRS) ( dir. M. Magny, M. Desmet et F. Mocci), Programme FRECHALP : La haute vallée de FReissinières : Empreinte humaine et CHangements des paysages d’un espace ALPin depuis 10 000 ans (Hautes Alpes, Parc national des Ecrins), Projet Appel Ouvert Conseil Régional PACA-CNRS-ECCOREV (dir. F. Mocci), ECCOREV, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bronze Age, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron Age, Context (language use), Roman, Neolithic, Mountain, palynology, Mesolithic, Holocene, pedo- and archaeo-anthracology, Earth-Surface Processes, Palynology, Ecology, archaeology, Chalcolithic, 15. Life on land, landscape, Alpine, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, (Post)Medieval, holocene, Historical ecology, Geology, human–environment, pastoralism
Abstract: International audience; This paper elucidates the nature of human–environment interactions in a mountainous landscape (the southern zone of the Ecrins, French Alps) from the Mesolithic through to the Post-Medieval Period. We present an integrated programme of palynology, pedo- and archaeo-anthracology, and archaeology. These data permit the development of a historical ecology that allows us to differentiate between climatic and anthropogenic influences on vegetation, and the development of anthropogenic landscapes in an Alpine region. This study is of profound relevance for the broader understanding of human–environment interactions in ecologically sensitive environments both within the Alpine arc, but also beyond this region.We identify and explain evidence for possible human landscape management practices in a high altitude landscape. Palynology defines the broad floral context and evolution of the environment through the Holocene. Palynology also permits an assessment of human activities and practices (arable agriculture, pastoralism and haymaking). The combination of these data with anthracological and archaeological evidence permits a nuanced assessment of human interaction with the landscape. We consider phases of anthropological–ecological succession across the range of altitudes, from valley-bottom to the alpine zones in the Ecrins National Park.Four important stages of landscape use and change have been inferred from our evidence: the Mesolithic, the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman, and (Post)Medieval. During the Mesolithic (c. 8000–4500 BC), a major event is the expansion of fir in the montane stage. At higher altitudes, people exploit the ecotone, defined by the forest edge (or tree-line): an ideal zone for hunting. The Neolithic sees low-altitude clearances, but a continuation of hunting and low levels of human impact on high-altitude vegetation. The Chalcolithic/Bronze Age (2400–1000 BC) sees complex interplay of climatic changes, and the appearance of direct human intervention in the high altitude landscape as part of a new transhumant system. Although the Roman Period is characterised by phases of climatic amelioration after the deterioration of the Iron Age, the increase in human activity that is usually seen in low-lying areas is not reflected in the sub-alpine and alpine altitudes. The Medieval Period, including the Little Ice Age, witnesses a steady increase in human use of these landscapes, with forest manipulation and clearance becoming the defining characteristics of these areas. Despite the supposed inclement nature of the Little Ice Age, human activity achieves its zenith, and the combination people and climate produces the most open and managed landscape of the Holocene.
Published: 2014
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27. The ecological role of ponds in a changing world

Author: Koenraad Martens, Dani Boix, Beat Oertli, Régis Céréghino, Henry-Michel Cauchie, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Centre de Recherche Public - CRP Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale - HES-SO (SWITZERLAND), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), and Universitat de Girona - UdG (SPAIN)
Subjects: Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, Climate change, Wetland, Context (language use), Conservation, Aquatic Science, Biology, Ecosystem services, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Biologie animale, Water environment, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Global warming, Environmental resource management, Biological diversity, Ecosystèmes, Freshwater ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; The fifth conference of the European Pond Conservation Network (Luxembourg, June 2012) brought together researchers, environmental managers, and other stakeholders with the aim to share stateof-the-art knowledge on the ecology, management, and conservation of ponds in the context of the many challenges facing the wider water environment. Although well-known ecological patterns apply to most ponds in Europe and elsewhere, recent data highlight that part of the environmental variables governing pond biodiversity remain specific to climatic/ biogeographic regions and to elevation ranges, suggesting that, in addition to common practice, management plans should include range-specific measures. Beyond the contribution of individual ponds to the aquatic and terrestrial life, connected networks of ponds are vital in the provision of new climate space as a response to global climate change, by allowing the observed northward and/or upward movements of species. In terms of services, ponds offer sustainable solutions to key issues of water management and climate change such as nutrient retention, rainfall interception, or carbon sequestration. While the ecological role of ponds is now well established, authoritative research-based advice remains needed to inform future direction in the conservation of small water bodies and to further bridge the gap between science and practice.
Published: 2013
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28. A mitochondrial phylogeographic scenario for the most widespread African rodent, Mastomys natalensis

Author: Colangelo, P., Verheyen, E., Leirs, H., Tatard, C., Denys, C., Dobigny, Gauthier, Duplantier, Jean-Marc, Brouat, Carine, Granjon, Laurent, Lecompte, E., Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Department Vertebrates, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: isolation by, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, climate change, climate changes, geographic barrier, vicariance, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, isolation by distance, African savannah, distance, Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract: In order to evaluate the contribution of geological, environmental, and climatic changes to the spatial distribution of genetic variation of Mastomys natalensis, we analysed cytochromeb sequences from the whole distribution area of the species to infer its phylogeographic structure and historical demography. Six well-supported phylogroups, differentiated during the Pleistocene, were evidenced. No significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found at the continental scale, and the geographic distributions of the observed phylogroups have resulted from extensive periods of isolation caused by the presence of putative geographic and ecological barriers. The diversification events were probably influenced by habitat contraction/expansion cycles that may have complemented topographic barriers to induce genetic drift and lineage sorting. According to our results, we propose a scenario where climate-driven processes may have played a primary role in the differentiation among phylogroups.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London
Published: 2013
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29. Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest

Author: Henri-Pierre Aberlenc, Alexey K. Tishechkin, Line Sørensen, Wesley Duarte da Rocha, Roger L. Kitching, Marc Pollet, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Frode Ødegaard, Olivier Missa, Jérôme Orivel, François Guilhaumon, Tomas Roslin, Raphael K. Didham, Vojtech Novotny, Enrique Medianero, Yves Basset, Maurice Leponce, Philippe Cuenoud, Jon R. Bridle, Evandro Gama de Oliveira, Jesper B. Schmidt, Sérvio P. Ribeiro, David W. Roubik, Alain Dejean, Mathieu Rapp, Gianfranco Curletti, Johannes Bail, Domir De Bakker, Juergen Schmidl, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Bruno Corbara, Héctor Barrios, Lukas Cizek, Scott E. Miller, Yves Roisin, Andreas Floren, Laura L. Fagan, Neville N. Winchester, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of South Bohemia, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, 1208 Genève, Switzerland, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Catedra Rui Nabeiro, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal, Universidade de Évora, University of York [York, UK], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA., Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History [USA, Santa Barbara], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama, University of Bristol [Bristol], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, 45600-000, Itabuna, and Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil., Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Griffith University [Brisbane], National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20008, USA., Centro Universitário UNA, 30350-540 Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil and Universidade dos Açores, 9700-851 Terceira, Portugal, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), University of Helsinki, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy., Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, 1070 Brussels, Belgium., Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phylogénie, Arthropoda, Range (biology), Rain, Biodiversity, Rainforest, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arthropod diversity, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Animals, Herbivory, Forêt tropicale humide, Arthropods, Modélisation environnementale, 030304 developmental biology, Tropical Climate, 0303 health sciences, Herbivore, Tree canopy, Multidisciplinary, Enquête, Ecology, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, 15. Life on land, Terrestrial ecosystem, Species richness, L20 - Écologie animale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tropical rainforest, Écosystème
Abstract: Assessing Creepy Crawlies Arthropods are the most diverse group of terrestrial animal species, yet estimates of the total number of arthropod species have varied widely, especially for tropical forests. Basset et al. (p. 1481 , see the cover) now provide more reliable estimates of total arthropod species richness in a tropical rainforest in Panama. Intensive sampling of a half hectare of forest yielded just over 6000 arthropod species. Scaling up this result to the whole forest suggests that the total species diversity lies between 17,000 and 40,000 species.
Published: 2012
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30. The PETM record revealed by a new integrated high-resolution dinoflagellate cyst and geochemical data from the 'Sparnacian' sediments in the Paris and adjacent basins

Author: Iakovleva, Alina I., Quesnel, Florence, Dupuis, Christian, Storme, Jean-Yves, Breillat, Noémie, Magioncalda, Roberto, Yans, Johan, Smith, Thierry, Roche, Emile, Iacumin, Paola, De Coninck, Jan, Fléhoc, Christine, Laboratory of Paleofloristics, Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), GFA - Polytech Mons, Université de Mons-Hainaut, FUNDP, UCL, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geonumeric, Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix ( FUNDP ), Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Département de Paléontologie, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Department of Palaeobotany, Université de Liège, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli studi di Parma, Department of Geology & Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Projet DR BRGM Paléosurface éocène - PETM, Quesnel, Florence, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Parma], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Paris Basin represents an historical cradle of the Paleogene stratigraphy, where the Paleocene Epoch and the "Sparnacian Stage" have been erected (Schimper, 1874; Dollfus, 1880). As highlighted by Aubry et al. (2005), whereas the chronostratigraphic connotation of the Sparnacian Stage occurred to be controversial since its definition, modern studies of the Late Paleocene - Early Eocene interval have revealed that the so-called "Sparnacian" deposits encompass a remarkable and short (~170 kyr) episode in the Cenozoic history, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55.8-55.6 Ma). However, due to a large development of diverse and laterally variable, predominantly lagoonal and non-marine facies, the Paris Basin Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene succession is still poorly documented and needs an updated chronostratigraphic correlation with other Paleogene records in adjacent basins and worldwide. Since almost 45 years the dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy has significantly contributed to correlations of the Thanetian-Ypresian deposits in the Paris and adjacent basins (Châteauneuf & Gruas-Cavagnetto, 1968, 1978; Gruas-Cavagnetto, 1974; Costa and Downie, 1976). Nevertheless, data published on dinoflagellate cysts distribution in the Paleogene sediments of those basins remain too scattered (see Aubry et al., 2005) and need to be calibrated to the most recent biozonations. With the aim at reconstructing the "Sparnacian" palaeoenvironments as well as ensuring correlation with the PETM (and its Carbon Isotopic Excursion, CIE) events and related processes, new or already well known "Sparnacian" Dieppe-Hampshire and Paris Basins key localities (Cap d'Ailly and Sotteville-sur-Mer sections, Therdonne and Sinceny cores) have been investigated in details palynologically and chemostratigraphically. According to our new high-resolution data, the CIE begins within the Mortemer Fm in terrestrial or coastal environments and continues until the top of the Soissonnais Fm (Quesnel et al, this meeting). Within the CIE, δ13Corg values fluctuate between -25 and -30 ‰, while above and below they fluctuate between -22 and -26 ‰. The CIE interval contained in the lagoonal and shallow marine units reveals an extremely pronounced (compared with other PETM records worldwide) Apectodinium-acme (70-98% of dinocyst assemblage), sometimes accompanied by Pediastrum-blooms (fresh water algae). As mentioned by Gruas-Cavagnetto (1974), dinoflagellate assemblages from the Dieppe-Hampshire and Paris Basins "Sparnacian" do not contain the key species Apectodinium augustum (nominate species of the A. augustum zone corresponding the PETM-interval worldwide, Crouch et al., 2001), whereas it is present in the northern Belgian Basin Tienen Fm (De Coninck, 1975, 1999) and is coeval there with the CIE and Apectodinium-acme interval (Steurbaut et al., 2000, 2003). However, our calibration of the Apectodinium-acme to the CIE in the Dieppe-Hampshire and Paris Basins suggests its attribution to the A. augustum zone. As it was previously noted from southern England (Powell et al., 1996), the absence of species A. augustum in the Anglo-Paris Basin may be explained by its restriction to more offshore conditions. In localities studied here dinocyst assemblages dominated by Apectodinium spp. are characterized by a significant number of longer (compared to the holotype) specimens of A. parvum, which could represent an ecological onshore substitute of species A. augustum during the PETM.
Published: 2012

31. The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap-Jawed Ant Daceton armigerum

Author: Jacques H. C. Delabie, Frédéric Azémar, Jérôme Orivel, Sarah Groc, Bruno Corbara, Maurice Leponce, Alain Dejean, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz - UESC (BRAZIL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BELGIUM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU (BRAZIL), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, 45600-000, Itabuna, and Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil., Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlaˆndia, Uberlaˆndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MESH: Ecology, Arboreal locomotion, Range (biology), Home range, Foraging, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Ants, MESH: Hemiptera, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, MESH: Predatory Behavior, Hemiptera, Behavioral Ecology, Animals, MESH: Animals, Trophobiosis, Terrestrial Ecology, lcsh:Science, Biology, Coccidae, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Daceton armigerum, Ants, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, lcsh:R, Agriculture, Forestry, Interspecific competition, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Community Ecology, Ecosystèmes, Evolutionary Ecology, Predatory Behavior, MESH: Feeding Behavior, lcsh:Q, Ant, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Entomology, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Here we show that Daceton armigerum, an arboreal myrmicine ant whose workers are equipped with hypertrophied trap-jaw mandibles, is characterized by a set of unexpected biological traits including colony size, aggressiveness, trophobiosis and hunting behavior. The size of one colony has been evaluated at ca. 952,000 individuals. Intra- and interspecific aggressiveness were tested and an equiprobable null model used to show how D. armigerum colonies react vis-à-vis other arboreal ant species with large colonies; it happens that D. armigerum can share trees with certain of these species. As they hunt by sight, workers occupy their hunting areas only during the daytime, but stay on chemical trails between nests at night so that the center of their home range is occupied 24 hours a day. Workers tend different Hemiptera taxa (i.e., Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Membracidae and Aethalionidae). Through group-hunting, short-range recruitment and spread-eagling prey, workers can capture a wide range of prey (up to 94.12 times the mean weight of foraging workers).
Published: 2012
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32. Climate Change Impact on Neotropical Social Wasps

Author: Damien Bonal, Bruno Hérault, Bruno Corbara, James M. Carpenter, Régis Céréghino, Alain Dejean, Jérôme Orivel, Maurice Leponce, Vivien Rossi, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), American Museum of Natural History - AMNH (US), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II (FRANCE), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Géochimie et Ecologie Marines - LMGEM (Marseille, France), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York 10024, USA, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), DEJEAN, Alain, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rainfall, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Wasps, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Nest, Abundance (ecology), Global Change Ecology, Dry season, Dynamique des populations, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, bioindicateur, Climatology, changement climatique, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, MESH: Climate Change, facteur climatique, French Guiana, Vespidae, Ecosystèmes, Social wasps, Climatic variations, L20 - Écologie animale, MESH: Wasps, Bioclimatologie, Algorithms, Research Article, Wet season, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Climate Change, Climate change, MESH: Algorithms, 010603 evolutionary biology, Citrus maxima, insecte social, pluviosité, MESH: French Guiana, Animals, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecologie, Environnement, Evolutionary Biology, CLIMATE CHANGE, NEOTROPICAL, ANIMAL, WASPS, Resistance (ecology), Population Biology, lcsh:R, Impact sur l'environnement, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, animal indicateur, abondance spécifique, La Niña, région neotropicale, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary Ecology, Earth Sciences, guyane française, Écologie animale, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract: International audience; Establishing a direct link between climate change and fluctuations in animal populations through long-term monitoring is difficult given the paucity of baseline data. We hypothesized that social wasps are sensitive to climatic variations, and thus studied the impact of ENSO events on social wasp populations in French Guiana. We noted that during the 2000 La Niña year there was a 77.1% decrease in their nest abundance along ca. 5 km of forest edges, and that 70.5% of the species were no longer present. Two simultaneous 13-year surveys (1997-2009) confirmed the decrease in social wasps during La Niña years (2000 and 2006), while an increase occurred during the 2009 El Niño year. A 30-year weather survey showed that these phenomena corresponded to particularly high levels of rainfall, and that temperature, humidity and global solar radiation were correlated with rainfall. Using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm, we show that heavy rainfall during an entire rainy season has a negative impact on social wasps. Strong contrasts in rainfall between the dry season and the short rainy season exacerbate this effect. Social wasp populations never recovered to their pre-2000 levels. This is probably because these conditions occurred over four years; heavy rainfall during the major rainy seasons during four other years also had a detrimental effect. On the contrary, low levels of rainfall during the major rainy season in 2009 spurred an increase in social wasp populations. We conclude that recent climatic changes have likely resulted in fewer social wasp colonies because they have lowered the wasps' resistance to parasitoids and pathogens. These results imply that Neotropical social wasps can be regarded as bio-indicators because they highlight the impact of climatic changes not yet perceptible in plants and other animals.
Published: 2011
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33. How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species

Author: De Broyer, Claude, Danis, Bruno, Allcock, Louise, Angel, Martin, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Barnes, David, Bartsch, Ilse, Bester, Marthan, Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia, Blazewicz, Magda, Bohn, Jens, Brandt, Angelika, Brandao, Simone Nunes, David, Bruno, de Salas, Miguel, Downey, Rachel, Eleaume, Marc, Emig, Christian, Fautin, Daphne, George, Kai-Horst, Gillan, David, Gooday, Andrew, Hopcroft, Russ, Jangoux, Michel, Janussen, Dorte, Koubbi, Philippe, Kouwenberg, Juliana, Kuklinski, Piotr, Ligowski, Ryszard, Lindsay, Dhugal, Linse, Katrin, Longshaw, Matt, Lopez-Gonzalez, Pablo, Patrick, Martin, Munilla, Tomas, Muehlenhardt-Siegel, Ute, Neuhaus, Birger, Norenburg, Jon, Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Perrin, William, Petryashov, Victor, Pena-Cantero, Alvaro L, Piatkowski, Uwe, Pierrot-Bults, Annelies, Rocka, Anna, Saiz-Salinas, Jose, Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried, Scarabino, Victor, Schiaparelli, Stefano, Schroedl, Michael, Schwabe, Enrico, Scott, Fiona, Sicinski, Jacek, Siegel, Volker, Smirnov, Igor, Thatje, Sven, Utevsky, Andrei, Vanreusel, Ann, Wiencke, Christian, Woehler, Eric, Zdzitowiecki, Krzysztof, Zeidler, Wolfgang, Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie ( COFRHIGEO ), Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), BrachNet, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Juliana Children's Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital, Natural History Museum, Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Biology education, University of Munich, Systématique, adaptation, évolution ( SAE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] ( GEOMAR ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Ocean and Earth Science, Marine Biology Department, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies ( IMAS ), University of Tasmania, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles ( I.R.Sc.N.B. ), Biologie des Eaux Douces, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Zoology [Galway], Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway)-National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Haga Teaching Hospital [Hague], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles (I.R.Sc.N.B.), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Information system, Taxonomic impediment, Species inventory, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, Taxonomy, Barcoding, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global change, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Habitat, Antarctic, Cybertaxonomy, Global biodiversity
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; The IPY sister-projects CAML and SCAR-MarBIN provided a timely opportunity, a strong collaborative framework and an appropriate momentum to attempt assessing the “Known, Unknown and Unknowable” of Antarctic marine biodiversity. To allow assessing the known biodiversity, SCAR-MarBIN “Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)” was compiled and published by a panel of 64 taxonomic experts. Thanks to this outstanding expertise mobilized for the first time, an accurate list of more than 8100 valid species was compiled and an up-to-date systematic classification comprising more than 16,800 taxon names was established. This taxonomic information is progressively and systematically completed by species occurrence data, provided by literature, taxonomic and biogeographic databases, new data from CAML and other cruises, and museum collections. RAMS primary role was to establish a benchmark of the present taxonomic knowledge of the Southern Ocean biodiversity, particularly important in the context of the growing realization of potential impacts of the global change on Antarctic ecosystems. This, in turn, allowed detecting gaps in knowledge, taxonomic treatment and coverage, and estimating the importance of the taxonomic impediment, as well as the needs for more complete and efficient taxonomic tools. A second, but not less important, role of RAMS was to contribute to the “taxonomic backbone” of the SCAR-MarBIN, OBIS and GBIF networks, to establish a dynamic information system on Antarctic marine biodiversity for the future. The unknown part of the Southern Ocean biodiversity was approached by pointing out what remains to be explored and described in terms of geographical locations and bathymetric zones, habitats, or size classes of organisms. The growing importance of cryptic species is stressed, as they are more and more often detected by molecular studies in several taxa. Relying on RAMS results and on some case studies of particular model groups, the question of the potential number of species that remains to be discovered in the Southern Ocean is discussed.In terms of taxonomic inputs to the census of Southern Ocean biodiversity, the current rate of progress in inventorying the Antarctic marine species as well as the state of taxonomic resources and capacity were assessed. Different ways of improving the taxonomic inputs are suggested.
Published: 2011
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34. Spatial distribution of dominant arboreal ants in a malagasy coastal rainforest: gaps and presence of an invasive species

Author: Raymond Rarevohitra, Maurice Leponce, Richard Randrianaivo, Alain Dejean, Brian L. Fisher, Bruno Corbara, Balsama Rajemison, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, California Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Recherches Forestières et Piscicoles, BP 904, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, BP 4096, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Arboreal locomotion, Competitive Behavior, Crematogaster, Coastal environment, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, Spatial Behavior, Introduced species, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Host-Parasite Interactions, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Ecology/Conservation and Restoration Ecology, Technomyrmex albipes, Ecology/Evolutionary Ecology, Madagascar, Animals, lcsh:Science, 030304 developmental biology, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, Tropical Climate, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, Invasive species, biology, Geography, Ecology, Ants, lcsh:R, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, ISW, Malagasy Rep, biology.organism_classification, Predatory Behavior, Threatened species, lcsh:Q, Rain forests, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; We conducted a survey along three belt transects located at increasing distances from the coast to determine whether a non-random arboreal ant assemblage, such as an ant mosaic, exists in the rainforest on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. In most tropical rainforests, very populous colonies of territorially dominant arboreal ant species defend absolute territories distributed in a mosaic pattern. Among the 29 ant species recorded, only nine had colonies large enough to be considered potentially territorially dominant; the remaining species had smaller colonies and were considered non-dominant. Nevertheless, the null-model analyses used to examine the spatial structure of their assemblages did not reveal the existence of an ant mosaic. Inland, up to 44% of the trees were devoid of dominant arboreal ants, something not reported in other studies. While two Crematogaster species were not associated with one another, Brachymyrmex cordemoyi was positively associated with Technomyrmex albipes, which is considered an invasive species-a non-indigenous species that has an adverse ecological effect on the habitats it invades. The latter two species and Crematogaster ranavalonae were mutually exclusive. On the other hand, all of the trees in the coastal transect and at least 4 km of coast were occupied by T. albipes, and were interconnected by columns of workers. Technomyrmex albipes workers collected from different trees did not attack each other during confrontation tests, indicating that this species has formed a supercolony along the coast. Yet interspecific aggressiveness did occur between T. albipes and Crematogaster ranavalonae, a native species which is likely territorially dominant based on our intraspecific confrontation tests. These results suggest that the Masoala rainforest is threatened by a potential invasion by T. albipes, and that the penetration of this species further inland might be facilitated by the low density of native, territorially dominant arboreal ants normally able to limit its progression.
Published: 2010
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35. Reassessment of the late Neandertals from Spy (Belgium)

Author: Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Balzeau, Antoine, Berillon, Gilles, Hambucken, Anne, Maureille, Bruno, Mazurier, A., Volpato, V., Semal, Patrick, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology [Northridge], California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique
Subjects: [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

36. Unravelling the PETM record in the Sparnacian facies of NW Europe: new data from the north-eastern Paris Basin

Author: Quesnel, Florence, Storme, Jean-Philippe, Roche, Emile, Bourdillon, Chantal, Iakovleva, Alina I., Schnyder, Johann, Breillat, Noémie, André, Maud, Baele, Jean-Marc, Knox, Robert W. O'B., Iacumin, Paola, Smith, Thierry, Yans, Johan, Dupuis, Christian, Arregros, Marielle, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), FUNDP, UCL, ERADATA, Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli studi di Parma, Département de Paléontologie, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix ( FUNDP ), Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Géologie GFA, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Parma], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR)
Subjects: [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: The geological archives record "hyperthermic" crises, along with their consequences on the biota and physical environment. Among these, the PETM (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) is considered as the closest analogue to the current climate crisis due to its global character and the speeds at which the CO2 rate and average temperatures increased. Some 55.8 Ma ago (Aubry et al., 2007), it affected the Earth for a period of almost 200,000 years; the terrestrial and marine paleoenvironments were marked by a negative δ13C anomaly (or Carbon Isotopic Excursion, CIE) coinciding with a negative δ18O anomaly indicative of a drastic temperature rise (+ 3 to + 8 °C). The causes envisaged to explain the major global disturbances of the atmosphere and oceans are linked with the massive emission of 12C-enriched greenhouse gases whose origins are still debated and probably multiple. Moreover the PETM left a deep and long-lasting imprint on the living animal and plant world, both terrestrial and marine. The preserved paleoenvironments of the sedimentary record also show a recrudescence of clastic influx or are distinguished by specific sediments such as coal and lignite, phosphates, black shales, diatomites, etc. The shallow to deep marine environments from all the paleolatitudes have been studied intensively, the data collected allowing to refine climate models and ocean/atmosphere responses. However, the terrestrial record was seldom examined and very few studies aimed at checking if the drastic rises of greenhouse gases and temperature had a real impact on the fluvial, lacustrine, palustrine sediments and on the paleosols and weathering profiles development during the PETM. Apart notable paleontological studies, its impact on the terrestrial realm at a regional scale and on different interconnected contemporary paleoenvironments has probably not been studied and integrated enough (Zachos et al., 2008). We propose such a regional study in the Sparnacian facies of the Paris Basin. To ensure correlation of the events and processes identified with a confidence level as precise as possible, high resolution temporal framework is essential. Historically, the Paris and adjacent basins are the cradle of stratigraphy, where the notion of "Sparnacian" took shape (Dollfus 1880), pointing terrestrial to brackish deposits with particular facies and faunas, interstratified between two easily distinguishable Late Paleocene (Thanetian) and Early Eocene (Ypresian) mainly sandy and marine formations. Since that time stratigraphy has evolved, especially regarding the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, and we refer to the lithostratigraphies of Aubry et al. (2005) and Steurbaut (1998) for the Paris and Belgian Basins. In Avesnois, close to Belgium, the Paleocene and Eocene lithostratigraphy has been revised thanks to a geological mapping project supported by drillings (Quesnel, 2006). Detailed sampling and various analyses have been performed: granulometry and XRD mineralogy, heavy mineral assemblages, carbonate and organic carbon contents, biostratigraphy, palynofacies, pyrolyse rock-eval, and chemostratigraphy (d13C of the dispersed organic matter). In the AVE 007 drilling (Mormal Forest), the CIE has been identified in a lignitic clay. The clay content is dominated by the illite-smectite mixed layers, with 10 to 20 % of illite and kaolinite. The palynological study of the pollen and spores assemblages confirms the Early Eocene age. The Paleocene markers are absent and using the palynozonation of Roche et al. (2009), the lignitic clay can be correlated to the lower part of the Tienen Fm and to the SP3 to SP4 units of the Cap d'Ailly section. The depositional environment is palustrine-lacustrine, with sporo-pollen fluvial inputs from the hinterland in a humid subtropical climate. The lignitic clay overlies fluvial flint gravels and sands, above the Coniacian chalk. Those clastic deposits contain mainly illite-smectite mixed layers, a few kaolinite and illite and are richer in pyrite downwards. Paleocene pollens and dinocysts are present. The onset of the CIE is recorded at the top of this sandy unit, below the lignitic clay. Those fluvial flint gravels and sands are widespread in Avesnois, and named “Cailloutis à silex de Mormal” (new name) and “Sables et Grès du Quesnoy”. The lignitic clay corresponds to a palustrine deposit, filling the fluvial channel after the river bed migration. Similar units are well known in northern France and Belgium, they belong to the Upper Landenian fluvial sands, often display cross stratification, paleoweathering (oxidation and/or silcrete), lignite or marl lenses, vertebrate fauna and sometimes a rich flora in silicified slabs or beds. They can be attributed to the Tienen Fm. Similar sandy, clayey and lignitic units are also recognized southwards in the Paris Basin, in the first clastic units of the Mortemer Fm. In Northern France and Belgium those terrestrial units often cap or incise Upper Thanetian marine sands. In Avesnois the latter are named “Sables verts de l'Avesnois” and correlated to the “Sables de Grandglise” (NP8) and “Sables de Bois Gilles” (NP9). In the western part of the Avesnois, the AVE 31 drilling has yielded a shallow marine shelly sand (“Falun de Viesly”), with Upper Thanetian benthic foraminifera (P4c to P5), and a shelly clay (“Argile de Louvil”), containing Thanetian benthic foraminifera (P4). They are overlain by a sandy laminated clay (“Tuffeau de Valenciennes”), then a laminated silt at the top. In the AVE007 drilling, the lignitic clay is also overlain by a silty laminated unit, containing the same clay minerals as the clay plus chlorite and vermiculite at the top. Lower Ypresian dinocysts (Wetzeliella sp.), phytoliths, rootlets moulds and agglutinated foraminifera similar to those contained in the Orchies Clay (NP10 – NP 11?) are present. That silty unit is widespread in Avesnois and Valenciennois. We name it “Silt et Sablon de l'Avesnois” and we correlate it to a part of the Kortrijk Clay Fm in the Ieper Gp. The new units described around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in Avesnois allow correlation between the Belgian and Paris Basins and help to precise the landscape evolution during this critical interval. The PETM record has also been recently identified around 80km southwestwards, at Sinceny (Aisne), a key locality for the Sparnacian facies. The data obtained in this drilling will be presented and compared to those obtained in Avesnois and integrated in the Paris Basin stratigraphic framework.
Published: 2010

37. Nest relocation and high mortality rate in a Neotropical social wasp: Impact of an exceptionally rainy La Niña year

Author: Maurice Leponce, James M. Carpenter, Alain Dejean, Marc Gibernau, Bruno Corbara, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York 10024, USA, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Belgium., Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Wet season, Climate, Rain, Wasps, Population, Adaptation, Biological, Hymenoptera, Polybia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nesting Behavior, Nest, Dry season, Animals, Clusia, education, Tropical Climate, education.field_of_study, Behavior, Animal, General Immunology and Microbiology, Vespidae, biology, Ecology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Plant Leaves, 010602 entomology, La Niña, 13. Climate action, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: International audience; After noting the forecast of a La Niña episode, associated with heavy rainfall in French Guiana, we monitored the fate of wasp nests before and during the 2006 short rainy season. The population of the most abundant epiponine wasp species, Polybia bistriata, decreased dramatically during the short rainy season (60.6% of the nests disappeared) then remained low for at least 18 months. Colonies that survived moved from the shelter of large, low leaves (a situation well adapted to the previous dry season) of the most frequent substrate tree, Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae), to upper leaves, better ventilated and whose orientation provides good protection from the rain. Therefore, the possibility of moving the nest higher during the first rains following the dry season seems very adaptive as colonies that do not do so are eliminated during the La Niña years, whose frequency will increase with global climate change.
Published: 2010
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38. Size-resolved eddy covariance measurements of fine particle vertical fluxes

Author: Alexis Coppalle, D. Maro, D. Hébert, M. Talbaut, P. E. Damay, O. Connan, M. Irvine, E. Lamaud, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Meteorology, EDDY COVARIANCE, Eddy covariance, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, VERTICAL PARTICLE FLUXES, Spectral analysis, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, FINE PARTICLES, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL, Turbulence, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Direct method, Response time, Pollution, Aerosol, Environmental science, Particle
Abstract: International audience; A method is described for field measurements of size-resolved aerosol vertical fluxes over rural areas. The method is based on a direct eddy covariance method and using an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (Outdoor ELPI). The main advantage of this method is to measure simultaneously the aerosol vertical fluxes at several submicron sizes. Due to the low response time of the experimental setup (about 1 s) compared to the turbulent time scales of the particle concentrations, a flux correction was applied and it is based on spectral analysis. As an example of results, the particles fluxes normalized by the concentration were measured over a maize field for atmospheric aerosols that ranged in size from 0.007 to 1.6 mm.
Published: 2009
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39. Harvesting technology during the Neolithic in south-west Europe

Author: Juan José Ibañez, Valérie Beugnier, Comte Ignaco Clemente, Bernard Gassin, Juan Francisco Gibaja Bao, Urquijo Jésus Gonzalez, Belén Marquez, Sylvie Philibert, Rodriguez Rodriguez, A., Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), sous la direction de Laura Longo et Natalia Skakun, and Institut Royal des sciences naturelles
Subjects: use wear analysis, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, neolithic, harvesting technology, lithic tehcnology
Published: 2008

40. Variation and Characteristics of the Cranial Vault Thickness in the Krapina and Western European Neandertals

Author: Antoine Balzeau, Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Krapina, Neandertals, cranial vault thickness, CT
Abstract: The Krapina collection constitutes the largest sample of Neandertal individuals.However, comparisons of these fossils with other Western European Neandertals have been limited because of the fragmentary condition of the Krapina specimens and because gracility and small dimensions of the cranial remains were attributed to phylogeny and to geological age or to a sex/age bias in the composition of the sample. This study focuses on cranial vault thickness to document new evidence on its variation in the Neandertals.The results demonstrate the similarities between Krapina and the Western European Neandertals in thickness of the cranial vault along the mid-sagittal plane. Finally, Neandertals have characteristics that distinguish them from anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils.
Published: 2007

41. Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic zoobenthos: comparative structure, distribution and function

Author: de Broyer, Claude, Bouquegneau, Jean-Marie, Dauby, Patrick, de Ridder, Chantal, Vanreusel, Ann, Danis, Bruno, David, Bruno, de Mesel, Ilse, Hétérier, Vincent, Meerhaeghe, Angelino, Nyssen, Fabienne, Rigaud, Thierry, Robert, Henri, Vanhove, Sandra, Département des Invertébrés (Carcinologie), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement/Océanologie [Liège], Université de Liège, Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement/Systématique et Diversité Animale [Liège], Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Afdeling Mariene Biologie, Universiteit Gent, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Research supported by the Belgian Scientific Research Programme on the Antarctic of the Federal Science Policy (Contract n° EV/36/24A)., Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Laffont, Rémi
Subjects: [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: 95 pages
Published: 2006

42. Letter to the editor: Entheseal changes and estimation of adult age-at-death

Author: Villotte, Sébastien, Polet, Caroline, Colard, Chloé, Santos, Frédéric, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Unité de recherche Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine, Université de Liège, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: GB-TAF-636, and European Project: IEA00540
Subjects: [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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43. Zooplankton in the Schelde estuary, Belgium and the Netherlands: spatial and temporal patterns

Author: Riet Van Mieghem, Frédéric Azémar, Nathalie De Pauw, Stefan Van Damme, Franck Fiers, M. Tackx, Nanette Daro, A. Hannouti, Patrick Meire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Universiteit Antwerpen - UA (BELGIUM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB (BELGIUM), Laboratoire d'écologie des hydrosystèmes (LEH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Belgium, Schelde R, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Species distribution, Eurytemora affinis, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Acartia tonsa, ANE, Netherlands, Canonical correspondence analysis, Scheldt estuary, Environmental factors, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Species, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Brackish water, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Temporal distribution, Geographical distribution, Bosmina longirostris
Abstract: The zooplankton fauna of the Zeeschelde estuary (Belgium) was investigated over 10 months by means of monthly sampling. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to relate the species distribution to environmental factors. The variation in the species data was significantly (P < 0.05) related to a set of 10 environmental variables (chlorinity, NH4+, temperature, PO4-P-, DW, Chl a and Chl b, NO2-N, NO3-N and pH). The main spatial and seasonal gradients were associated with chlorinity and temperature respectively. The brackish water zone was dominated by the calanoid Eurytemora affinis in spring, succeeded by Acartia tonsa and mysid species during summer. In the freshwater transect, cyclopoids dominated, together with several cladoceran species. Thermophilic cyclopoid species (Thermocyclops oithonoides, Th. Crassus and Mesocyclops leuckarti) occurred during periods of maximal temperature. The cyclopoids Acanthocyclops robustus, Paracyclops poppei and Cyclops vicinus, the cladocerans Daphnia longispina, Chydorus sphaericus and Bosmina longirostris together with the numerically dominant rotifers, oligochaetes, nematodes and juvenile copepods seemed little affected by environmental gradients.
Published: 2004
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44. Sex in the city: Uncovering sex-specific management of equine resources from prehistoric times to the Modern Period in France

Author: Benoît Clavel, Sébastien Lepetz, Lorelei Chauvey, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Xuexue Liu, Antoine Fages, Naveed Khan, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Clio Der Sarkissian, Pierre Clavel, Oscar Estrada, Duha Alioğlu, Charleen Gaunitz, Jean-Marc Aury, Maude Barme, Pierre Bodu, Monique Olive, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Jean-Christophe Castel, Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Nicolas Boulbes, Alice Bourgois, Franck Decanter, Sylvain Foucras, Stéphane Frère, Armelle Gardeisen, Gaëtan Jouanin, Charlotte Méla, Nicolas Morand, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Aude Perdereau, Olivier Putelat, Julie Rivière, Opale Robin, Marilyne Salin, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, Patrick Wincker, Ludovic Orlando, Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques (TEMPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [Genève] (MHN), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction Archéologie et Muséum de la ville d'Aix-en-Provence, Centre Technique Municipal RTE des Milles Aix-en-Provence, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), European Project: 681605,PEGASUS, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Arqueologı'a y Antropologı'a, Istitucio' Mila' i Fontanals, (IMF CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (IMF-CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, France Génomique, Université de Toulouse, Villum Fonden, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)
Subjects: Archeology, Ancient DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron age, City, Breeding, Horse, Middle ages, Roman period, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Donkey, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Husbandry, Hunting, Mule, Archaeozoology
Abstract: Sex identification from fragmentary archeozoological assemblages is particularly challenging in the Equid family, including for horses, donkeys and their hybrids. This limitation has precluded in-depth investigations of sex-ratio variation in various temporal, geographic and social contexts. Recently, shallow DNA sequencing has offered an economical solution to equine sex determination, even in environments where DNA preservation conditions is not optimal. In this study, we applied state-of-the-art methods in ancient DNA-based equine sex determination to 897 osseous remains in order to assess whether equal proportions of males and females could be found in a range of archeological contexts in France. We found Magdalenian horse hunt not focused on isolated bachelors, and Upper Paleolithic habitats and natural traps equally balancing sex ratios. In contrast, Iron Age sacrificial rituals appeared to have been preferentially oriented to male horses and this practice extended into the Roman Period. During Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Period, cities emerged as environments largely dominated by horse males. This strong sex-bias was considerably reduced, and sometimes even absent, in various rural contexts. Combined with previous archaeozoological work and textual evidence, our results portray an urban economy fueled by adult, often old, males, and rural environments where females and subadults of both sexes were maintained to sustain production demands., We thank Agnès Orsoni, Michela Leonardi, and Stefanie Wagner for lab assistance and all members of the AGES research team at CAGT for fruitful discussions. We also thank all archaeologists, curators and staff in charge of archaeological warehouses, who have facilitated access to the material analyzed in this study. Pierre Clavel’s PhD position is funded by the CNRS MITI interdisciplinary programme (‘Mission pour les Initiatives Transverses et Interdisciplinaires’). Xuexue Liu was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation pro- gramme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 101027750. This work was supported by the France G ́enomique Appel `a Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); the Initiative d’Excellence Chaires d’attractivit ́e, Universit ́e de Toulouse (OURASI) and the Villum Fonden miGENEPI research project. Andaine Seguin- Orlando acknowledges IAST for funding from ANR (France) under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (‘Investissements d’Avenir’ programme). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 681605).
Published: 2022
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45. The ecology of modern and fossil vertebrates revisited by lithium isotopes

Author: Fanny Thibon, Jean Goedert, Nicolas Séon, Lucas Weppe, Jeremy E. Martin, Romain Amiot, Sylvain Adnet, Olivier Lambert, Paco Bustamante, Christophe Lécuyer, Nathalie Vigier, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ANR-18-CE34-0002,ISO2MET,ISOtopes des métaux traces et METabolisme en milieu marin(2018)
Subjects: Geophysics, Aquatic environments, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Paleoecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Mineralized tissues, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Lithium isotopes
Abstract: International audience; The vertebrate fossil record documents a plethora of transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environments but their causes are still debated. Quantifying the salinity of living environments is therefore crucial for precising the sequence of ecological transitions. Here, we measured lithium stable isotope composition of mineralized tissues (δ 7 Limt) of extant and extinct vertebrates from various aquatic environments: seawater, freshwater/terrestrial, and "transitional environments" (i.e. brackish waters, or seasonal access to freshwater and seawater). We report statistically higher δ 7 Limt values for seawater vertebrates than freshwater ones, taxonomic groups considered separately. Moreover, vertebrates living in transitional environments have intermediate δ 7 Limt values. Therefore, we show that δ 7 Limt values of both extant and extinct vertebrates can discriminate their aquatic habitat.
Published: 2022
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46. Study of the endocranium and ecology of Eurotherium theriodis, a European hyaenodont mammal from the Lutetian

Author: Morgane Dubied, Bastien Mennecart, Floréal Solé, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, DO Terre et histoire de la Vie, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Natural History Museum Basel, and Swiss National Foundation (SNF Projects P300P2 161065 and P3P3P2 161066), project Brain Pionnier BR/175/ PI/CARNAGES of the Federal Science Policy Office of Belgium.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biology, phylogeny, Eocene, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Endocranium, medicine, 0303 health sciences, Hyaenodonta, Ecology, Cerebrum, Paleontology, Turbinates, Encephalization quotient, biology.organism_classification, Skull, endocranium, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030301 anatomy & morphology, Mammalia, Mammal, Hyaenodon, ecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, olfaction
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Hyaenodonts are extinct placental mammals with a carnivorous diet. Their phylogenetic position among mammals and the relationships within Hyaenodonta are at present partially unresolved. The endocranium is a structure that has rarely been studied in this clade. Using 3D tomography, we studied the endocranium of the European hyaenodont Eurotherium theriodis, discovered in Egerkingen (Switzerland, Lutetian, middle Eocene). Eurotherium theriodis has an endocranium morphology that supports an increase in size of the cerebrum relative to the cerebellum over time within the Hyaenodontoidea. The endocranium also supports a complexification of the cerebrum (i.e., at least two furrows per cerebral hemisphere) within the Hyaenodontoidea and allows us to envisage an increase of the encephalization quotient (EQ), over time. Based on morphology, we consider that its endocranium does not depart from that of the hyaenodontoids known in the Lutetian, Bartonian, and Priabonian of Europe, being less complex than that of the hypercarnivorous Hyaenodon. However, the morphology of its olfactory bulbs and turbinates is similar to that observed in Hyaenodon. The large size of the turbinates of E. theriodis is regarded to be the result of a possible scavenger ecology and agrees with the meat/bone diet envisaged based on the analysis of the morphology of the skull and teeth.
Published: 2021
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47. Speleothem record from Pentadactylos cave (Cyprus): new insights into climatic variations during MIS 6 and MIS 5 in the Eastern Mediterranean

Author: F. Nader, Hai Cheng, Sophie Verheyden, Elisabeth Eiche, Therese Weissbach, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Philippe Claeys, Lauren Satterfield, Salih Gucel, Iris Charalambidou, Tobias Kluge, Carole Nehme, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institute of Applied Geosciences [Karlsruhe], Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Nicosia, Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Near East University, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry [Bruxelles], Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, and Earth System Sciences
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Speleothem, Stalagmite, 01 natural sciences, Clumped isotopes, Altitude, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Paleoclimatology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Fluid inclusions, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Eemian, geography.geographical_feature_category, δ13C, Geology, Middle-East, Last glacial/interglacial, Sapropel, Paleotemperatures, Speleothems, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Cyprus, Physical geography
Abstract: A new paleoclimate record from Cyprus gives valuable insights into climatic variations during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6–5 for the East Mediterranean region. Two stalagmites from Pentadactylos cave in the Kyrenia mountain range (800 m altitude) in Cyprus grew from 174.6 ± 0.7 to 112.2 ± 0.5 ka BP with major hiatuses at 163–142 and 132–128 ka. During early MIS6 the stalagmite suggests through a relatively low growth rate (57–5 mm/ka) and variable, but rather negative d18O that climate conditions were highly variable on a millennial scale, with wet and cold climate conditions during Sapropel 6 deposition. At the end of MIS6 (141–132 ka), growth rate varied from 123 to 18 mm/ka and less negative δ 18 O c suggests general dry/cold conditions followed by a growth stop during H11. The onset of MIS5e is marked by the highest growth rate (217 mm/ka). The most negative δ18O values at the onset and during the Eemian wet period in Cyprus are driven mostly by the source effect (Sapropel 5) and enhanced rainfall amounts. Stable conditions during MIS 5e were rather short as shown in the growth and isotopic signal, consistent with other EM records. After 122 ka, growth decreased drastically (8–2 mm/ka) and a slow deterioration of the soil cover is suggested from continuously less negative δ13C values. Fluid inclusion d18O shows a clear shift (4–5‰) between end-MIS 6 and MIS 5e. Clumped isotopes measurements indicate kinetic effects between calcite and water of up to ∼1‰. After correction for kinetic effects using Δ47, a minimum estimate for the MIS 6–5 temperature shift in the EM is ca. 9 °C. Similarly, drastic changes in rainfall amounts are inferred from measured (fluid inclusion) and calculated water d18O.
Published: 2020
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48. A few effective trees hiding a forest of unprotected marine protected areas

Author: Marta Sostres, Mirta Zupan, Joachim Claudet, Charles Loiseau, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: Sustainable development, Mediterranean climate, Convention on Biological Diversity, 050208 finance, Member states, marine policy, 05 social sciences, fungi, Biodiversity, conservation, 15. Life on land, Scientific evidence, Geography, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, 0502 economics and business, Threatened species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, Marine protected area, 14. Life underwater, 050207 economics, UN Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract: International audience; Ocean health is critical for achieving sustainable development but is threatened by multiple stressors. Member States Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed to protect 10% of their waters by 2020. The scientific evidence supporting the use of marine protected areas (MPAs) to conserve biodiversity stems primarily from knowledge concerning fully protected areas but at present, most of what is being established are partially protected areas. Here, we assess the protection levels of the 1062 Mediterranean MPAs. While 6.01% of the Mediterranean is covered by an MPA, 85% of these MPAs do not impose regulations stronger inside than outside. Full and high levels of protection, the most effective for biodiversity conservation, represent only 0.23% of the basin and are unevenly distributed across political and eco-regions. Our current efforts are insufficient at managing human uses of nature and protection levels should be increased to deliver tangible benefits for biodiversity conservation.
Published: 2020
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49. Comments on ‘U-Pb dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases’ (Pickering et al. Nature 2018;565:226–229)

Author: Laurent Bruxelles, Dominic Stratford, Sophie Verheyden, J. Francis Thackeray, Travis Rayne Pickering, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, centre archéologique de Nîmes (Inrap, Nîmes), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, lcsh:Social Sciences, palaeoanthropolog, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, lcsh:Social sciences (General), lcsh:Science, lcsh:Science (General), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, palaeoenvironment, archaeology, geomorphology, Archaeology, lcsh:H, Geography, palaeoanthropology, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, lcsh:H1-99, karst science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Dry climate, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Pickering et al. (Nature 2018;565:226–229) utilised calcium carbonate flowstone deposits (i.e. speleothems) from eight Pliocene and Pleistocene South African Cradle of Humankind cave sites to propose that biases were created within the fossil record due to absent clastic sedimentation phases during wet periods, when caves were closed and only speleothems accumulated. Such a scenario has significant implications for our understanding of variability in hominin mobility, resource exploitation, functional repertoires and interactions with competitors in changing environmental and ecological contexts. We find considerable issues with the article. First, Pickering et al.’s contribution omits crucial fossil evidence from various stratigraphic units of the Sterkfontein Caves that indicates conditions were not always arid when the caves were open and sediments were deposited. Second, Pickering et al.’s proposal that clastic and speleothemic deposits (including faunal and floral material) form mutually exclusively is an overly simplified, binary depositional (and in this case environmental) framework that demonstrates an inherent bias in the sampling of cave deposits for dating. This creates the impression that either speleothems or clastic sediments are deposited and does not take into account the full spectrum of sedimentary complexity in karst caves. Third, closure of the caves across the Cradle of Humankind landscape during wet periods is not substantiated geomorphologically or speleologically; identification of the responsible process is critical to the proposed infilling scenario. Significance: We propose that Pickering et al.’s interpretation of the environmental context of the South African early hominin record is problematic in that it omits crucial faunal and floral fossil evidence associating hominins with non-arid climates, is geomorphologically unsupported, and perpetuates biases against temporally and climatically representative clastic sediments due to challenges related to their dating.
Published: 2020
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50. Variation and Correlations in Departures from Symmetry of Brain Torque, Humeral Morphology and Handedness in an Archaeological Sample of Homo sapiens

Author: Antoine Balzeau, Anna Maria Kubicka, Lou Ball-Albessard, Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, General Mathematics, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Fluctuating asymmetry, Lateralization of brain function, Computer Science (miscellaneous), lateralization, 0601 history and archaeology, brain endocast, biomechanical properties, media_common, 060101 anthropology, lcsh:Mathematics, fluctuating asymmetry, Cognition, 06 humanities and the arts, human behavior, lcsh:QA1-939, Archaeology, Variation (linguistics), Chemistry (miscellaneous), Homo sapiens, directional asymmetry, Endocast
Abstract: International audience; The anatomical asymmetries of the human brain are the subject of a great deal of scientific interest because of their links with handedness and lateralized cognitive functions. Information about lateralization in humans is also available from the post-cranial skeleton, particularly the arm bones, in which differences in size and shape are related to hand/arm preference. Our objective here is to characterize the possible correlations between the endocranial and post-cranial asymmetries of an archaeological sample. This, in turn, will allow us to try to identify and interpret prospective functional traits in the archaeological and fossil records. We observe that directional asymmetry (DA) is present both for some endocranial and humeral traits because of brain lateralization and lateralized behaviors, while patterns of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) vary. The combined study of these anatomical elements and of their asymmetries can shed light on the ways in which the body responds to dependent asymmetrical stimuli across biologically independent anatomical areas. Variations in FA are, in this context, indicators of differences in answers to lateralized factors. Humeri tend to show a much larger range of variation than the endocast. We show that important but complex information may be extracted from the combined study of the endocast and the arms in an archaeological sample of Homo sapiens.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

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