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In this study, essential oil components of the Veratrum album L. and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these components were determined. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of V. album was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the disk diffusion method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were detected for the antioxidant activity of the plant. According to the analysis results, the major essential oil components of the V. album were determined as hexacosane (39.5%), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid (22.8%), heptane (6.5%), anethole (4.9%) and 1,8- cineole (4.8%). The findings showed that the methanol extracts of the stem and leaf parts of the plant inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at different rates (14±0.1 - 34±0.3 mm). The TAS values of methanol extracts of stem and leaf parts of V. album were calculated as 3.75±0.07 and 3.91±0.01 mmol, while TOS values were calculated as 6.14±0.13 and 6.54±0.05 μmol. The scavenging activity of the DPPH radical increased depending on increasing concentrations of the plant extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:Cerebrovascular disease is one of the major causes of epileptic seizures in the elderly. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and predictive factors of early seizures after ischemic stroke (ESAIS) and the effect of early seizures on clinical outcome.Methods:The medical records of 619 patients with acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively reviewed. Early seizures were defined according to the International League Against Epilepsy within 7 days of stroke onset. Patient demographics, risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, thrombocyte count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level on admission; modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in the follow-up period; and details of the location of lesions observed on diffusion-weighted imaging were recorded and analyzed.Results:A total of 22 (3.6%) patients with ESAIS [10 females, 45.5%; mean age: 66.55±15.3 years (range: 35–91 years)] and 597 (85.5%) patients with non-ESAIS [280 females, 46.9%; mean age: 69.5±13.3 years (range: 23–103 years)] were included. The mean NIHSS score on admission, CRP level, thrombocyte count, in-hospital mortality, mean follow-up mRS, and the recurrent stroke rate were significantly higher in the ESAIS group (p

Objective: Stroke in people aged less than 45 years is less frequent than in older patients, but has major impacts on both the individual and society. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic subtypes of acute ischemic stroke in the young. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the hospital records of 619 patients who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke between January 2011 and November 2014. Acute ischemic stroke in the young was defined as patients aged 45 years and under. Demographic data, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission and detailed investigations aimed at determining etiologic cause were recorded. Etiologic stroke subtypes were determined using the automated Causative Classification System. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded in the follow-up. Results: There were 32 (5.2%) young patients with acute ischemic stroke. The rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease were significantly lower in young patients compared with patients aged more than 45 years (p

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching from immediate-release pramipexole (pex) to extended-release pramipexole (pex-ER). Materials and Methods: Pex-ER became available in Turkey about a year ago, since then we documented satisfactory information on patients (26 women; 38%) who were switched from pex to pex-ER. We recorded pre- and post-switch pex and levodopa, equivalent doses of other anti-parkinsonian medication, and analyzed the frequency and nature of reported adverse effects. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years (range, 44-88 years), and the mean disease duration was 7.1 years (range, 1-27 years). The other drugs were levodopa (57 patients, 82.6%), entacapone (24 patients, 34.58%), rasagiline (20 patients, 29%), amantadine (18 patients, 26.1%), and apomorphine (six patients, 8.7%). Switch from pex to pex-ER was uneventful in 62 (91.2%) patients. Adverse events were reported in six (8.8%) patients: ankle swelling (two patients), nausea (one patient), dyskinesia (one patient), hypersexuality (one patient), and psychosis (one patient). Problems resolved with further medication change in two patients. Four patients preferred to return to pex. Conclusion: The great majority of patients (91.2%) switched from three times daily pex to once daily pex-ER uneventfully. A slight increase in pex daily dose, which was tailored according to patients’ symptomatic needs, resulted in an increase in post-switch levodopa equivalent doses. Our experience is compatible with previously reported studies.

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. aucheri is a herbaceous perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae. This plant has biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiradical. In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of aerial parts of H. arenarium subsp. aucheri were investigated. To determine the antimicrobial activity pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp. Antioxidant activity was determined with total antioxidant value (TAS), total oxidant value (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. In the results obtained, it was determined that the methanol extract had an antimicrobial effect (9.3 mm) only against C. albicans. It was found that the ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity at different rates (8.8-20.4 mm) against S. aureus, B. megaterium, C. glabrata, C. albicans and Trichophyton sp. The TAS value of the methanol extract was 3.00 mmol, and the TAS value of the ethanol extract was 3.15 mmol. The TOS value of the methanol extract of the same species was calculated as 6.81 µmol, and the TOS value of the ethanol extract was calculated as 12.64 µmol. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of extracts of goldengrass was found to increase depend on concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a great demand for boron‐containing compounds (BCCs) with unique biological properties. The demand for the use of these compounds not alone but as additives in composite materials is increasing day by day. In this study, the effect of adding B2O3 compound to the blend of PLA and PEG polymers, which is an important biocompatible shape memory polymer, was investigated. In order to examine the effect of increasing B2O3 additive on the thermal properties of PLA‐PEG blend, it was determined by using a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and it was seen that while the melting temperature of PEG decreased, the melting temperature of PLA increased. In addition, when the thermal stability of the composites was examined, increasing of thermal stability was observed with the addition of B2O3 and a three‐step degradation occurred. It was determined that the B2O3/PLA‐PEG composite was homogeneous by taking X‐ray measurements and SEM measurements. The antimicrobial property of the PLA‐PEG blend improved with the increasing B2O3 contribution were observed from the antimicrobial activity measurements of the composite against 4 different bacteria. However, it was determined that the PLA‐PEG blend preserved its shape memory effect with increasing diboron trioxide contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fungi in alternative medicine and their use as pharmacological agents is gradually increasing today. Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lév, locally known as Crust, is a species that belongs to the Polyporales family. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of H. rubiginosa extracts obtained from ethanol solvent. Its antimicrobial activity has been determined using the microdilution (MIC) method. In this study, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida krusei ATCC 34135 and Candida glabrata ATCC 9003 have been used as fungi. Total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated for antioxidant activity. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the ethanol extract of H. rubiginosa showed antimicrobial effect against test microorganisms at concentrations of 25-200 µg/mL. The TAS value of H. rubiginosa has been determined as 6.313±0.050 mmol/L, TOS value as 14.358±0.202 µmol and OSI value as 0.227±0.002. As a result, it has been determined that H. rubiginosa can be used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in pharmacological designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tchihatchewia isatidea Boiss (Brassicaceae) is known among the public as "Reddish Bride", "Paint and Bridal Flower". Flower parts are used for painting and flowering branches for treatment of cough. In this study, anticancer properties of water, ethanol and methanol extracts of Tchihatchewia isatidea flower parts were investigated against human breast (MCF-7), human colon (HCT-116) and human prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell lines. Changes in the viability of cancer cells were detected by utilizing 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Studies have shown that there is a statistically significant decrease in the cell viability of human breast cancer (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cells when extracts of T. isatidea water, ethanol and methanol are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims To investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Danish Prostate Symptom Score (Dan-PSS) questionnaire in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to compare the burden of LUTS (Lower urinary tract symptoms) in men and women. Methods For analysis of test-retest reliability, the Turkish version of the Dan-PSS scale was developed using the back translation method, and it was administered on the day of admission and repeated 1 week after in 60 patients with PD. The OAB-q (Overactive Bladder Questionnaire) and PDQ-39 (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39) were administered to 73 patients for validity analysis. Results Both the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.99-1.00) and the test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.99-1.00) of the Dan-PSS were found to be high in patients with PD. Although weak to moderate correlations were found between the subscales of the Dan-PSS and PDQ-39 ( r: 0.20-0.42; P < 0.05), a strong correlation was found with the OAB-q ( r: 0.60-0.79; P < 0.05). Nocturnal urination was the most frequent (93.2%), and bothersome (54.8%) symptom. The majority of the symptom and bother responses were similar in men and women. Conclusions Current study shows that the Turkish version of the Dan-PSS questionnaire is an internally consistent, reliable, and valid scale for patients with PD. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate frequency and severity of LUTS in PD. LUTS are commonly seen in patients with PD in both sexes. It is suggested that all patients with PD should be referred for urological assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Intracranial stenosis (ICS) is identified in 2.2%-70.4% of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ICS in a single center registry from Turkey. Materials and methods: We reviewed the charts of 619 patients with acute ischemic stroke. ICS was defined as any ICS > 50% on cerebrovascular imaging. The demographic data, risk factors, NIHSS scores and C reactive protein level at admission, mortality in hospital, recurrent stroke, and mRS in the follow-up period were recorded. Results: A total of 72 (11.6%) patients with ICS (45 males (62.5%); mean age 68.3 ± 12.6 years) were included. Sixty-seven patients (10.8%) had symptomatic ICS and 44 patients (7.1%) had ICS without extracranial stenosis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly higher in the ICS group compared to the others (P = 0.017). Disability was significantly better in patients with ICS compared to the others (P < 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, DM and follow up mRS were significantly associated with ICS (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ICS was seen in 11.6% of acute ischemic stroke cases in our registry. DM appears to be the major risk factor for ICS. Disability was better in patients with ICS. Ethnicity could be a factor causing better disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching from immediate-release pramipexole (pex) to extended-release pramipexole (pex-ER). Materials and Methods: Pex-ER became available in Turkey about a year ago, since then we documented satisfactory information on patients (26 women; 38%) who were switched from pex to pex-ER. We recorded pre- and post-switch pex and levodopa, equivalent doses of other anti-parkinsonian medication, and analyzed the frequency and nature of reported adverse effects. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years (range, 44-88 years), and the mean disease duration was 7.1 years (range, 1-27 years). The other drugs were levodopa (57 patients, 82.6%), entacapone (24 patients, 34.58%), rasagiline (20 patients, 29%), amantadine (18 patients, 26.1%), and apomorphine (six patients, 8.7%). Switch from pex to pex-ER was uneventful in 62 (91.2%) patients. Adverse events were reported in six (8.8%) patients: ankle swelling (two patients), nausea (one patient), dyskinesia (one patient), hypersexuality (one patient), and psychosis (one patient). Problems resolved with further medication change in two patients. Four patients preferred to return to pex. Conclusion: The great majority of patients (91.2%) switched from three times daily pex to once daily pex-ER uneventfully. A slight increase in pex daily dose, which was tailored according to patients' symptomatic needs, resulted in an increase in post-switch levodopa equivalent doses. Our experience is compatible with previously reported studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Etiologic subtype of stroke is usually correlated with the pattern of the lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Acute multiple infarcts in more than one cerebrovascular territory (AMIMCT) are consistent with an embolic source proximal to the relevant arteries. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic subtypes of AMIMCT detected on DWI. Methods: We reviewed the charts of the patients who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke. AMIMCT was defined as multiple acute infarcts either in bilateral anterior circulations, or in anterior and posterior circulations simultaneously. The demographic data and etiologic subtypes were recorded. Results: There were 83 (14.5%) patients with AMIMCT (48 males [57.8%]; mean age, 70.5±13.7 years) and 490 (85.5%) patients with non-AMIMCT (249 males; mean age, 69.4±13.2 years). The mean admission NIHSS score was 6.8± 6.1 in AMIMCT and 5.9±4.6 in non-AMIMCT group (p=0.003). Forty (48.2%) patients had a cardioaortic embolic origin. Other etiologic subtypes of stroke were large-artery atherosclerosis (n=11, 13.3%%), other causes (n=12, 14.5%) and undetermined causes (n=20, 24.1%). Other causes were more prevelant in AMIMCT group (p=0.002). The median mRS was 3 in both groups during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Cardioaortic embolism is the major cause of AMIMCT, however there are also other mechanisms which could be defined with a detailed work-up. Other causes such as severe carotid occlusive disease, hypercoagulability and vasculitis should be investigated in patients with AMIMCT of undetermined etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus djamor was cultivated using wheat straw (WS), quinoa stalk (QS), and their mixtures (WS-QS (1:1)) as substrate and evaluated in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and DNA protective effects. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli), dermatophyte (Trichophyton sp.) and yeast (Candida tropicalis) were used in the study. It was found to be very active against all bacteria (except S. mutans and S. typhi), and dermatophyte when compared to the control groups (8.7-33.3 mm), but low against C. tropicalis. It was seen that the best total antioxidant assay (TAS) value was 2.05 mmol/L on WS-QS (1:1). Depend on, it was determined that the total oxidant assay (TOS) value (5.26 μmol/L) in the same compost was lower than the others, and also the scavenging effect of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was higher on WS at 25 mg/mL (84.20%). The methanol extract on WS at a concentration of 400 μg/mL, significantly reduced the percentage of viability in the human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line (2.2%). The methanol extracts on WS and QS medium were found to inhibit DNA damage induced by UV radiation and H2O2 at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. These results showed that pink oyster mushroom has benefits such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and DNA protective effects.

In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and DNA protective effects of Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultured on substrates were investigated. The methanol extract of P. citrinopileatus showed lower activity against Streptococcus mutans (17.0-21.7 mm), Salmonella thypii (12.3-17.7 mm), and Candida tropicalis (16.3-20.3 mm) but was observed to be very active against Trichopyton sp. (14.0-22.3 mm), Bacillus subtilis (17.3-20.3 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.0-20.3 mm), Proteus vulgaris (18.3-23.7 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16.3-23.0 mm), and Escherichia coli (16.0-24.0 mm) compared with the control group. P. citrinopileatus demonstrated significant antioxidant potential. The highest total antioxidant assay (2.76 mmol/L) and total oxidant assay (11.98 μmol/L) values were determined on wheat straw-quinoa stalk (WS-QS; 1:1) and QS medium, and their effectiveness at removing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals was more efficient at groups to which samples of 25 mg (74.72-79.80%) were added. The methanol extracts of P. citrinopileatus grown on WS, QS, and WS-QS (1:1) substrates were found to prevent DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation and H2O2 at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. The methanol extract of P. citrinopileatus, which was obtained from WS (2.7%) at a 400-μg/mL concentration, remarkably decreased the percentage of viability in the A-549 cell line. These results suggest that P. citrinopileatus has potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and DNA protective as well as cytotoxic effects on the A-549 cell line.