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Four new species of Clavulina are described from specimens collected in the tropical rainforests of Hainan Island, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated ITS + LSU + RPB2 sequences and morphological characters support the placement of these accessions within the genus Clavulina and their recognition as new species. Accordingly, Clavulina hainanensis, C. pallidorosea, C. tomentosa, and C. eburnea are described and illustrated. We provide photographs, line drawings, and DNA sequences of the new species, and a key to all known Clavulina species in China. Holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Hunan Normal University (MHHNU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydnum is a well-characterized genus in the family Hydnaceae of Cantharellales and is characterized by spinose hymenophores. In this study, an ITS phylogenetic overview and a multilocus (ITS-nrLSU-tef1) phylogenetic tree of Hydnum were carried out. On the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic results, seven species from China were confirmed, described, illustrated, and compared with similar species, including three new species, i.e., H. longipes, H. microcarpum, and H. sinorepandum, and four known species, i.e., H. cremeoalbum, H. melitosarxm, H. orientalbidum, and H. pinicola were recorded for the first time in China. A key to the species of Hydnum in China was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHydnum is a genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the Hydnaceae family. It is widely distributed across different regions of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia; however, some of them showed disjunct distributions. In recent years, with the integration of molecular techniques, the taxonomy and classification of Hydnum have undergone several revisions and advancements. However, these changes have not yet been applied in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis combining the morphological and molecular analyses of 30 specimens collected over a period of approximately 10 years in the Republic of Korea. For molecular analysis, the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), and a portion of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) were employed as molecular markers. Through this study, we identified eight species that had previously not been reported to occur in the Republic of Korea, including one new species, Hydnum paucispinum. A taxonomic key and detailed descriptions of the eight Hydnum species are provided in this study.

A new species of Hydnum subgenus Rufescentia is described based on collections made in Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador) and the USA (New York). The new species is found in conifer dominated forests (e.g. Abies, Picea) and occurs in bryophyte-covered (Sphagnum, Bazzania) soil. It differs from the ecologically similar H. quebecense in the duller brown colors of the basidiomes, the smaller basidiospores and the basidia predominantly with three or four sterigmata. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region place H. subconnatum and H. oregonense as the closest relatives of H. atlanticum, but these taxa differ in the larger basidiospores, number of sterigmata per basidium, caespitose growth and/or geographic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-rotting fungi are important components of woody plant ecosystems and play an active role in the decomposition and turnover of nutrients from wood, and are among the major groups of Basidiomycota. In this study, a new species of wood-rotting fungus, Sistotrema yunnanense, was proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system having generative hyphae with clamp connections, suburniform to urniform basidia, and short-cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 3-4 μm). Phylogenetic analyses performed using the large subunit nuc rDNA indicated that S. yunnanense was nested within the genus Sistotrema s.l. of the family Hydnaceae, within the order Cantharellales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydnum is a well-characterized genus in the family Hydnaceae of Cantharellales and is characterized by spinose hymenophores. In this study, an ITS phylogenetic overview and a multilocus (ITS-nrLSU-tef1) phylogenetic tree of Hydnum were carried out. On the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic results, seven species from China were confirmed, described, illustrated, and compared with similar species, including three new species, i.e., H. longipes, H. microcarpum, and H. sinorepandum, and four known species, i.e., H. cremeoalbum, H. melitosarxm, H. orientalbidum, and H. pinicola were recorded for the first time in China. A key to the species of Hydnum in China was provided.

Hydnum repando-orientale is an East Asian species closely related to H. boreorepandum and H. repandum; all three species produce edible mushrooms. We identified two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale in Japan: a temperate group occurring in Fagaceae-dominated forest at < 1200 m a.s.l. (ROF) and a subalpine group occurring in coniferous forest in highland at > 1900 m a.s.l. (ROC). We re-examined the taxonomy of the two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale using integrative approaches. Phylogenies of the two ecological groups and other related species were inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and gene portions encoding the large subunit of nc rRNA (LSU), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2). The concatenated phylogenetic tree separated the two ecological groups into well-supported sister clades. Also, species delimitations based on the topological congruence (GCPSR) and coalescent models (GMYC and BP&P) supported to separate the two ecological groups. Morphological analysis showed that ROC specimens had significantly larger basidiospores, compared with ROF specimens. Mon-mon mating tests using six ROF, three ROC, and three H. boreorepandum strains each showed independent incompatible groups, whereas one ROC strain showed compatibility with both ROC and ROF populations. Based on these results, we defined the ROC group as a new species, H. subalpinum. Because H. repando-orientale and H. subalpinum have smaller genetic divergence in nc rDNA and maintain slight sexual compatibility, they may have recently speciated in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef 1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellus aurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hydnum is a genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the Hydnaceae family. It is widely distributed across different regions of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia; however, some of them showed disjunct distributions. In recent years, with the integration of molecular techniques, the taxonomy and classification of Hydnum have undergone several revisions and advancements. However, these changes have not yet been applied in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis combining the morphological and molecular analyses of 30 specimens collected over a period of approximately 10 years in the Republic of Korea. For molecular analysis, the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), and a portion of translation elongation factor 1-α ( TEF1 ) were employed as molecular markers. Through this study, we identified eight species that had previously not been reported to occur in the Republic of Korea, including one new species, Hydnum paucispinum . A taxonomic key and detailed descriptions of the eight Hydnum species are provided in this study., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the Korean Society of Mycology.)

Five species of Hydnum have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: H. albidum, H. albomagnum, H. repandum and varieties, H. rufescens, and H. umbilicatum. Other unique North American species, such as H. caespitosum and H. washingtonianum, are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of Hydnum are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences. Based on current distribution results, sixteen of these species appear endemic to North America. Of these, six species are described as new: H. alboaurantiacum, H. cuspidatum, H. ferruginescens, H. subconnatum, H. subtilior, and H. vagabundum. Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes are provided for five additional species recently described as new from eastern North America. A new name, H. geminum, is proposed for H. caespitosum Banning ex Peck, non Valenti. Overall, species of Hydnum are best recognized by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic descriptions are provided for seventeen species, including epitype designations for H. albidum, H. albomagnum, and H. umbilicatum, taxa described more than 100 years ago, and molecular annotation of the isotype of H. washingtonianum. Photographs and a key to eastern North American Hydnum species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-rotting fungi are important components of woody plant ecosystems and play an active role in the decomposition and turnover of nutrients from wood, and are among the major groups of Basidiomycota . In this study, a new species of wood-rotting fungus, Sistotrema yunnanense , was proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system having generative hyphae with clamp connections, suburniform to urniform basidia, and short-cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 3-4 µm). Phylogenetic analyses performed using the large subunit nuc rDNA indicated that S. yunnanense was nested within the genus Sistotrema s.l. of the family Hydnaceae , within the order Cantharellales ., (2023, by The Mycological Society of Japan.)

A basidiomycete fungus from Vietnam, grown in a moist chamber on bark (as substrate) was identified as Hyphobasidiofera malaysiana. The isolation of this fungus into axenic culture allowed for investigations such as culture morphology, large and small subunit molecular phylogenies, life cycle karyology, and mating experiments. Comparative morphological data revealed that this species belongs to Rogersiomyces and the name Rogersiomyces malaysianus comb. nov. is proposed. Molecular studies revealed close relationships of Rogersiomyces, Sistotrema sensu lato, and Hydnum sensu stricto (Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes). The fungus produces binucleate basidiospores that germinate to form clamped and dikaryotic mycelium. The cultural characters and reproductive structures of this unusual sistotremoid fungus are described. It was concluded that the characteristic of dikaryotization into basidium, ephemeral basidiomata, and statismosporic basidia represent an adaptation of this fungus to irregular, but plentiful moistening during monsoon climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-poroid Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycota) in areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest in Northeast Brazil are reported. Auriscalpium villipes (Lloyd) Snell & E.A. Dick, Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nikol., Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin, Irpex lacteus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. and Scytinostroma duriusculum (Berk. & Broome) Donk are new records to Northeast Brazil.Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycota) não poróides foram registrados em áreas de Mata Atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro. Auriscalpium villipes (Lloyd) Snell & E.A. Dick, Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nikol., Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin, Irpex lacteus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. e Scytinostroma duriusculum (Berk. & Broome) Donk são novas ocorrências para o Nordeste do Brasil.

A new species of the genus Hydnum , H. minum , with whitish basidiomata, is described and illustrated from Japan based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. This species is characterized by small basidiomata (1–2.5 cm in height), spinose hymenophores with small, conical to aciculate spines (0.5–1.7 mm in length, 150–250 μm in diameter), subclavate to suburniform basidia with 5–8 sterigmata, and subglobose to broadly ovoid basidiospores measuring 4.5–5.5 × 3–4.5 μm. In addition, H. albidum , H. albomagnum , newly recorded in Japan, and H. repandum var. album are analyzed using molecular tools. The four taxa were confirmed as each individual taxon by the molecular phylogenetic analysis using complete nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The components of the volatile oil from dried fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Seventy-seven components, representing 87.6% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were hexadecanoic acid (26.0%), linoleic acid (13.1%), phenylacetaldehyde (8.9%) and benzaldehyde (2.5%). The oil from H. erinaceus was also carried out odor evaluation by GC/MS/Olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). As a result, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-ethylpyrazine and 2,6-diethylpyrazine were considered to be principal contributors of H. erinaceus odor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular techniques applied to Scottish collections of Sarcodon imbricatus showed that these collections did not belong to this species but to the closely related S. squamosus. This latter species is accepted as a member of the British mycota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family Hydnaceae ( Cantharellales , Basidiomycota ) is a group of fungi found worldwide which exhibit stichic nuclear division. The group is highly diverse in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny, and includes some edible species which are popular all over the world. Traditionally, Hydnaceae together with Cantharellaceae , Clavulinaceae and Sistotremataceae are four families in the Cantharellales. The four families were combined and redefined as " Hydnaceae ", however, a comprehensive phylogeny based on multiple-marker dataset for the entire Hydnaceae sensu stricto is still lacking and the delimitation is also unclear. We inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the family Hydnaceae from the data of five DNA regions: the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA gene (mtSSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( RPB2 ) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene ( TEF1 ). We also produced three more phylogenetic trees for Cantharellus based on 5.8S, nLSU, mtSSU, RPB2 and TEF1 , Craterellus and Hydnum both based on the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has reproduced the status of Hydnaceae in the order Cantharellales , and phylogenetically confirmed seventeen genera in Hydnaceae. Twenty nine new taxa or synonyms are described, revealed, proposed, or reported, including eight new subgenera ( Cantharellus subgenus Magnus , Craterellus subgenus Cariosi , subg. Craterellus , subg. Imperforati , subg. Lamelles , subg. Longibasidiosi , subg. Ovoidei , and Hydnum subgenus Brevispina ); seventeen new species ( Ca . laevihymeninus , Ca . magnus , Ca . subminor , Cr . badiogriseus , Cr . croceialbus , Cr . macrosporus , Cr . squamatus , H . brevispinum , H . flabellatum , H . flavidocanum , H . longibasidium , H . pallidocroceum , H . pallidomarginatum , H . sphaericum , H . tangerinum , H . tenuistipitum and H . ventricosum ); two synonyms ( Ca . anzutake and Ca . tuberculosporus as Ca . yunnanensis ), and two newly recorded species ( H . albomagnum and H . minum ). The distinguishing characters of the new species and subgenera as well as their allied taxa are discussed in the notes which follow them. The delimitation and diversity in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of Hydnaceae is discussed. Notes of seventeen genera which are phylogenetically accepted in Hydnaceae by this study and a key to the genera in Hydnaceae are provided ., (© 2021 The Authors.)

The spine fungi, which grow on the trunks, branches and stumps of trees, produce strange but beautiful mushrooms. They belong to a genus called Hericium, and there are a number of species throughout the northern hemisphere. Amongst the best known are the ‘spine face’ (H. cirrhatum (Pers.: Fr.) Nikol.) which is branched with several, shell-shaped caps, and the ‘coral spine fungus’ (H. coralloides (Scop.: Fr.) Pers.) which lacks a cap but is highly branched and covered with small spines, up to 10 mm long. Although all the spine fungi are edible and generally delicious, most attention has been given to that known in China as the ‘monkey head’ (H. erinaceum Bull.: Pers.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]