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Introduction Hospitalization is associated with acute changes in sarcopenia status in older people, but the influencing factors are not fully understood. Pre-admission care dependency level as a risk factor has not yet been investigated. Objective Evaluate if pre-admission care dependency level is an independent predictor of sarcopenia changes following hospitalization. Setting and subjects Data came from the Sarcopenia 9+ EAMA Project, a European prospective multi-centre study. For this study, 227 hospitalised older people were included from four different hospitals in Belgium, Spain and Poland, between 18 February 2019 and 5 September 2020. Methods Sarcopenia status at admission and discharge were calculated using a combined score (desirability value) based on muscle mass (calf circumference), strength (grip) and function (walking speed). Ratio of admission to discharge status was the outcome (desirability ratio; 1.00 meaning no difference). Predictor variable was the pre-admission care dependency level, classified into three groups: independent older people living at home, dependent older people living at home and older people living in a care home. Linear regression models were applied, considering potential confounders. Results Mean desirability ratio for dependent older people living at home ('middle dependent group') was lower (0.89) compared to independent older people (0.98; regression coefficient −0.09 [95% CI −0.16, −0.02]) and care home patients (1.05; −0.16 [95% CI −0.01, −0.31]). Adjusting for potential confounders or using another statistical approach did not affect the main results. Conclusion Dependent older people living at home were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. In-depth studies investigating causes and potential interventions of these findings are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of this widespread and critical importance of fluid conveying pipes, they suffer from major problems. One of these problems is the problem of vibrations that cause the collapse of the systems completely and cause significant economic losses if not avoided. Where, fluid conveying pipes are used in all hydraulic systems and enter in all industrial fields, such as water, petroleum products and gases of all kinds. For this reason, the researchers have dealt with this issue in all years, but the problem is not over. This research will highlight the problem of controlling the vibrations resulting from fluid flow inside the pipes, in addition to the study of reducing the vibrations of these pipes. This study is carried out by deriving differential equations for pipes and for different types of fixation. The research has studied the response and the natural frequency; the dynamic behavior of different types of stabilization of the pipes in the presence with no hydraulic damping (active control); and monitoring the response and stability of each case of stabilization. Where, in this paper using root locus technique to calculate the control for pipe conveying fluid. Thus, the investigation included calculated the effect for different damper parameters and fluid on the pipe stability. There, this work is expansion for previous study investigated the control for pipe vibration with using other stability and control theories, and comparison for presenting results with previous results, therefore, form comparison results found that the loot locus technique is a good technique can be using to investigation the stability and control for pipe fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid conveying pipes are used in all hydraulic systems and enter in all industrial fields, such as water, petroleum products and gases of all kinds. In spite of this widespread and critical importance of fluid conveying pipes, they suffer from major problems. One of these problems is the problem of vibrations that cause the collapse of the systems completely and cause significant economic losses if not avoided. For this reason, the researchers have dealt with this issue in all years, but the problem is not over. This research will highlight the problem of controlling the vibrations resulting from fluid flow inside the pipes, in addition to the study of reducing the vibrations of these pipes. Therefore, after investigation the control and stability for pipe with various methods, with previous papers, presenting in this paper investigation for active control for pipe by using Nyquist's method. There, the research has studied the response and the natural frequency; the dynamic behavior of conservative and non- conservative pipes conveying fluid using Nyquist's Theorem in the presence with no hydraulic damping (active control); and monitoring the response and stability of each case of stabilization. This study is carried out by deriving differential equations for pipes and for different types of fixation. Where, the analytical solution included drive the general equation of motion for pipe conveying fluid and then solving its equation by using Galerkin's technique, and then, calculating the stability by using Nyquist's techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration control is achieved by increasing the pressure of the hydraulic damper through a differential pressure gauge that connects to the main pipe, which in turn relates to the electric control valve where the amount of pressure coming out of this valve can be controlled by differential pressure gauge. Thus the hydraulic damper pressure and vibration inside the pipe are controlled. This was done in an actual water pumping station. The operational conditions of that station are taken into account in terms of the pressure generated and the flow rate at different times from the peak demand to the lowest consumption. A damping system is manufactured and connected to reduce vibrations. The normal frequency is measured for several types of fixations, and for the different circumstances in the experimental way. The results are compared with the results calculated by the theoretical method where it is found that the rate of convergence of results is very good and the rate is not exceeding 11.539%. In conclusion, the results have shown that the addition of the hydraulic damper increases the amount of natural frequency of the pipes and thus reduces the amount of response, which leads to a marked increase in the stability of the pipes during the flow. In addition, it is possible to find the imaginary frequency that indicates the stability of the pipes. The results have shown that the imaginary frequency can be reduced (increase stability) by adding a vibration damper to the piping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of vibrations cause the collapse of the systems and cause significant economic losses if not avoided. For this reason, the researchers have dealt with this issue in all years, but the problem is not over. In this paper will highlight the problem of controlling the vibrations resulting from fluid flow inside the pipes, in addition to the study of reducing the vibrations of these pipes. The ideal control is designed based on, the state space theory and according to the linear behavior of time, because the stability of the pipes are found from linear change. Different factors were studied on the controller's performance and then the optimal factors were obtained to obtain the best performance. The research included the study of the response and the natural frequency and the study of the dynamic behavior of different types of stabilization of the pipes in the presence with no hydraulic damping (active control) and monitoring the response and stability of each case of stabilization. Where, the control investigation include using the analytical solution of general equation of motion for pipe by using state space technique. There, the parameters studied for active control pipe vibration included the effect of hydraulic damper position, base width of hydraulic damper, damping, and the flow Pressure, on the pipe vibration response, with various pipe boundary conditions supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid conveying pipes are used in all hydraulic systems and enter in all industrial fields, such as water, petroleum products and gases of all kinds. In spite of this widespread and critical importance of fluid conveying pipes, they suffer from major problems and one of these problems is the problem of vibrations that cause the collapse of the systems completely and cause significant economic losses if not avoided. For this reason, the researchers have dealt with this issue in all years, but the problem is not over. In this paper will highlight the problem of controlling the vibrations resulting from fluid flow inside the pipes. The research included the study of the dynamic behaviour of different types of stabilization of the pipes in the presence with no hydraulic damping (active control) and monitoring the stability of each case of stabilization. This study was carried out by deriving differential equations for pipes and for different types of fixation. Special equations with mode response and natural frequency equations were obtained in addition to the stability study of the pipes in the same manner, by using bode diagram technique. This is done by deriving the differential equation of motion and dealing with it for the purpose of reaching the general equation so that it can be easily converted within the method of state space and analysis of equations and find feedback with the change of inputs and outputs. With the help of MATLAB program where the final equations are programmed and the results are found. The main factors of dynamic and stability behaviour were calculated in addition to the main parameters on the pipe such as fluid velocity, pressure and mass ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hospitalization is associated with acute changes in sarcopenia status in older people, but the influencing factors are not fully understood. Pre-admission care dependency level as a risk factor has not yet been investigated., Objective: Evaluate if pre-admission care dependency level is an independent predictor of sarcopenia changes following hospitalization., Setting and Subjects: Data came from the Sarcopenia 9+ EAMA Project, a European prospective multi-centre study. For this study, 227 hospitalised older people were included from four different hospitals in Belgium, Spain and Poland, between 18 February 2019 and 5 September 2020., Methods: Sarcopenia status at admission and discharge were calculated using a combined score (desirability value) based on muscle mass (calf circumference), strength (grip) and function (walking speed). Ratio of admission to discharge status was the outcome (desirability ratio; 1.00 meaning no difference). Predictor variable was the pre-admission care dependency level, classified into three groups: independent older people living at home, dependent older people living at home and older people living in a care home. Linear regression models were applied, considering potential confounders., Results: Mean desirability ratio for dependent older people living at home ('middle dependent group') was lower (0.89) compared to independent older people (0.98; regression coefficient -0.09 [95% CI -0.16, -0.02]) and care home patients (1.05; -0.16 [95% CI -0.01, -0.31]). Adjusting for potential confounders or using another statistical approach did not affect the main results., Conclusion: Dependent older people living at home were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. In-depth studies investigating causes and potential interventions of these findings are needed., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)