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IntroductionBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the distribution of the different subtypes varies by race/ethnic category in the United States and by country. Established breast cancer-associated factors impact subtype-specific risk; however, these included limited or no representation of Latin American diversity. To address this gap in knowledge, we report a description of demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle breast cancer-associated factors by age at diagnosis and disease subtype for The Peruvian Genetics and Genomics of Breast Cancer (PEGEN-BC) study.MethodsThe PEGEN-BC study is a hospital-based breast cancer cohort that includes 1943 patients diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas in Lima, Peru. Demographic and reproductive information, as well as lifestyle exposures, were collected with a questionnaire. Clinical data, including tumor Hormone Receptor (HR) status and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status, were abstracted from electronic medical records. Differences in proportions and mean values were tested using Chi-squared and one-way ANOVA tests, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for multivariate association analyses.ResultsThe distribution of subtypes was 52% HR+HER2-, 19% HR+HER2+, 16% HR-HER2-, and 13% HR-HER2+. Indigenous American (IA) genetic ancestry was higher, and height was lower among individuals with the HR-HER2+ subtype (80% IA vs. 76% overall, p=0.007; 152 cm vs. 153 cm overall, p=0.032, respectively). In multivariate models, IA ancestry was associated with HR-HER2+ subtype (OR=1.38,95%CI=1.06-1.79, p=0.017) and parous women showed increased risk for HR-HER2+ (OR=2.7,95%CI=1.5-4.8, p=50), including ancestry, region of residence, family history, height, BMI, breastfeeding, parity, and stage at diagnosis (p

This article examines the adoption and recontextualisation of the German dual apprenticeship model into the Mexican dual apprenticeship model (MMFD in Spanish) through a cultural political economy approach to policy analysis. We analysed the interests, discourse drivers, and resources of involved and absent actors as explanatory variables for MMFD's institutional configuration. Key actors included federal education agencies, business chambers, and the German International Cooperation Agency, while the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of the Economy, and trade unions were notably absent. Consequently, MMFD reflects the interests of the governing clique and organised business--both national and international--while excluding the organised working class. The MMFD also framed youth unemployment as a consequence of skills mismatch, overlooking Mexico's slow-growth economy under neoliberalism since the 1980s. Our qualitative case study reconstructed the policy transfer process using official documents, statistics, and 40 semi-structured interviews analysed within the cultural political economy framework. Triangulating data sources allowed us to reconfirm our findings. Mexico's adoption of MMFD is a reference for developing countries to extract lessons for policy transfer and adoption.

Leukemias are the most common type of pediatric cancer around the world. Prognosis has improved during the last decades, and many patients are cured with conventional treatment as chemotherapy; however, many patients still present with a refractory disease requiring additional treatments, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or cellular therapy is a promising strategy for treating refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. Particularly, CAR-T cells have shown clinical efficacy in clinical trials, and different products are now commercially approved by regulatory agencies in the USA and Europe. Many challenges still need to be solved to improve and optimize the potential of these therapies worldwide. Global access to cell therapy is a significant concern, and different strategies are being explored in the middle- and low-income countries. In Mexico, leukemias represent around 50% of total cancer diagnosed in pediatric patients, and the rate of relapsed or refractory disease is higher than reported in other countries, a multi-factorial problem. Although significant progress has been made during the last decades in leukemia diagnosis and treatment, making new therapies available to Mexican patients is a priority, and cell and gene therapies are on the horizon. Efforts are ongoing to make CAR-T cell therapy accessible for patients in Mexico. This article summarizes a general landscape of childhood leukemias in Mexico, and we give a perspective about the current strategies, advances, and challenges ahead to make gene and cell therapies for leukemia clinically available.

Absorptive capacity and innovation strategies are determining issues for the survival of organizations in current contexts. While organizations are immersed in the knowledge society, managers face great challenges to respond to market needs and performance in innovation ecosystems. This article aims to analyze the effects of absorptive capacity on the implementation of innovation strategy. A quantitative research study was conducted with a sample of 51 SMEs, and the construct model was analyzed using the SEM method. The results indicate that there is a high correlation between the level of absorptive capacity and innovation strategies. Even though firms in this specific sector work with advanced technologies, there is a basic level of development of absorptive capacity, generating some difficulties for the design and implementation of innovation strategies. Furthermore, by using the acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation of knowledge from the competitive landscape, firms improve their adaptability in the technological environment. The effects of absorptive capacity on innovation strategy contribute to the development of the extant literature on innovation management strategy and provide some managerial implications and future research areas.

Este documento proporciona al lector evidencia empírica reciente sobre la volatilidad de precios de productos agrícolas en un contexto de mercados internacionales. Se analiza el grado de contaminación en la dinámica de dos índices de precios de productos agrícolas (cereales y aceites). Utilizando información mensual y modelos GARCH multivariados,nuestros resultados indican que los precios de estos bienes están altamente correlacionados y dicha correlación se ha incrementado en los últimos años; es decir, cada vez existe una contaminación más rápida y en mayor medida entre los distintos mercados que caracterizan a los productos agrícolas.

En este trabajo llevamos a cabo una simulación de lo que sucedería si los alimentos y medicinas cambian su tratamiento de IVA al pasar de tasa 0% a ser exentos. El objetivo principal de la simulación es calcular el efecto recaudatorio potencial de esta modificación. Para calcular este efecto estimamos el gasto fiscal en dos situaciones: la tasa 0% y exentos. La diferencia en el gasto fiscal en estas dos situaciones da como resultados la contribución potencial de la modificación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que para el periodo 2000-2008 el país aumentaría su recaudación potencial entre 1.3 y 1.4%.

En este artículo se mide el cambio en la productividad durante la década de los años noventa en San Mateo Atenco para un grupo de empresas, descomponiendo a su vez dicho cambio en uno tecnológico, cambio en eficiencia y en escala. A pesar de que el aumento en la productividad fue de sólo 1.2% para los empresarios cuyas empresas fueron evaluadas, la productividad nunca apareció como un factor a considerar a fin de asegurar su permanencia en el mercado. Esto es trascendente ya que esta percepción desincentiva el uso de los apoyos que brindan los programas gubernamentales. Lo anterior sugiere que, el reto de las políticas públicas es conseguir que las empresas encuentren en la productividad el mejor aliado para aumentar su rentabilidad.

This document objective is to analyze the performance of selected Latin American countries in relation to their institutional framework, that is to say their legal systems, rules, norms and other regulatory provisions. These elements define, to large extent, the functioning and performance of markets linked to good and services, labor and financial systems. Specifically, by means of a factorial analysis along with a clustering process, the most significant explanatory variables on the trend and behavior of six out of 12 pillars for competitiveness as stated by the World Economic Forum have been identified and, likewise, the countries have been classified into a homogenous regional subgroups according to their performance.

Emotions are considered a fundamental aspect of sport scenarios, and within sports, consumer behavior is a very popular area of research in the sport management field. Thus, in recent years, there has been a growing interest for sport managers regarding the role that emotions play in sport consumer behavior. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the academic research on emotions in the sport management field using two techniques: a bibliometric performance analysis and a graphic mapping of the references in this field. This analysis focuses on authors, journals, papers, institutions and countries. Bibliometric indicators including the h-index measure, productivity and the number of citations were used to perform the performance analysis. Then, VOSviewer software was used to perform co-citation, bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence of keyword analysis (mapping analysis). The results of both types of analysis are consistent, with the United States being the most influential country in emotions in sport management research because the main authors and institutions in this research field belong to this country. The overall results indicate that the literature on this research topic has grown significantly in recent years in all scientific disciplines; however, the research topic is incipient, and therefore, the number of articles is still limited. Thus, this research presents the key aspects in the topic of emotions in sport management that could be helpful for researchers and policy makers in the field of sport management to make future decisions.

BackgroundEpidemiological studies commonly identify the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer at five years. Our study aims to describe the sociodemographic, clinicopathological characteristics and determine the long-term event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of a Peruvian population with triple-negative breast cancer.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of new cases treated at a single institution in the period 2000-2014. The survival analysis included patients with stages I-IV. Survival estimates at 10 years were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the Log-rank test. We further used multivariate Cox regression analysis to calculate prognostic factors of recurrence and mortality.ResultsAmong the 2007 patients included, the median age at diagnosis was 49 years (19-95 years). Most patients presented histologic grade III (68.7%), tumor stage II (34.2%), and III (51.0%) at diagnosis. Local and distant relapse was present in 31.9 and 51.4% of the patients, respectively. The most frequent sites of metastasis were the lungs (14.5%), followed by bone (9.7%), brain (9.6%), and liver (7.9%). The median follow-up was 153 months. At 3, 5, and 10 years, the EFS of the population was 55%, 49%, and 41%, respectively, while the OS was 64%, 56%, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, an N3 lymph node status was the most important prognostic factor for both disease relapse (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 2.05-3.15) and mortality (HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 2.01-3.14) at ten years. An older age and higher T staging were associated with a worse OS, while patients who received radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy had better survival rates.ConclusionThe sociodemographic features of Peruvian patients with TNBC are similar to those of other populations. However, our population was diagnosed at more advanced clinical stages, and thus, EFS and OS were lower than international reports while prognostic factors were similar to previous studies.

Background: Neurobiological studies suggest that deficits in emotion recognition are common phenomena in alexithymia. Thus, effective treatments for alexithymia often include skills training in the domain of emotion recognition. Given that smartphone-based interventions (SBIs) offering skills training have been shown to be promising adjuncts to psychological treatments, a blended SBI facilitating the training of emotional skills might be effective in reducing alexithymia. Methods: In this pilot trial, N = 29 individuals reporting elevated alexithymia levels were randomly assigned to a blended SBI including a psychoeducation session and 14 days of training with the mindtastic alexithymia app (MT-ALEX) or a psychoeducation-only control condition. Primary outcome was emotion recognition skills as assessed in a computer-based two-choice task paradigm. Results: On average, participating in the SBI was associated with a significant increase in computer-assessed emotion recognition skills compared to the control condition (d = 0.97). Conclusions: Study findings provide preliminary evidence that SBIs can improve emotion recognition skills in alexithymic individuals. Research using larger samples and targeting clinical populations is necessary to further evaluate the potential of MT-ALEX. Keywords: Emotion recognition, Alexithymia, Smartphone, Mobile intervention, Training

The main purpose of this study is proving how using the Household Income and Expenditure National Survey, ENIGH, can deliver contradictory estimations for price elasticities, according to the assumptions made about the goods being analyzed. This work used data for 2008, 2010 and 2012 for making separate estimations about drinking water, bottled juice and soft drinks. The most outstanding case is for soft drinks, which depending on considering or not its size may get an elastic or inelastic figure.

Introducción. La escisión transanal total del mesorrecto es una alternativa en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La cirugía endoscópica transluminal a través de orificios naturales, usando el recto como un acceso en la cirugía colorrectal, es mejor tolerado que otros abordajes. Objetivo. Exponer las ventajas del abordaje transanal en el cáncer de recto. Materiales y métodos. Se expone un caso de abordaje quirúrgico transanal en Colombia. Se practicó una escisión total del mesorrecto por vía transanal, con un tiempo abdominal, en un paciente de sexo masculino de 57 años de edad con una lesión tumoral a 4 cm del margen anal, estudiado con colonoscopia, tomografía computadorizada y resonancia magnética con protocolo para recto. Se administraron quimioterapia y radioterapia neoadyuvante. Resultados. El tiempo quirúrgico total fue de 240 minutos. La ingestión alimentaria se reinició 12 horas después de la intervención y la primera descarga por la ileostomía se obtuvo a las 24 horas. Se dio de alta al quinto día posoperatorio, sin complicaciones y con un puntaje en la escala de dolor de 2/10. En la histopatología se informó una disección completa del mesorrecto con una clasificación patología T2N1. Conclusión. La mejor indicación de la vía transanal es en tumores del tercio inferior del recto (a menos de 6 cm del margen anal), ya que esta vía de abordaje soluciona algunos problemas que plantea la cirugía laparoscópica convencional (sección del recto con margen distal suficiente, disección pélvica), sobre todo en pacientes con características desfavorables para la cirugía laparoscópica (sexo masculino, obesos, pelvis estrecha y tumores voluminosos).

The International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence (IJIMAI) published its first issue ten years ago. Currently, IJIMAI is indexed in the important database Emerging Sources Citation Index. This paper aims to identify, through a mapping of science, those most relevant aspects of the structure of publications made during the first 10 years of IJIMAI. Using VOSviewer software, the structural maps of the IJIMAI publications are analysed according to techniques such as bibliographic coupling, co-citations and cooccurrence of keywords. In addition, the evolution of the publications, citations and an analysis of the most cited papers of the journal are presented. The results show that IJIMAI has experienced a remarkable growth of both publications and citations in the last five years. We also observe that IJIMAI does not only capture the attention of the Spanish scientific community, but also of emerging countries such as India and Iran and emerging Latin American countries such as Colombia. With a such increasing behaviour, it is expected in the coming years that IJIMAI will position itself among the best journals with similar scientific scope.

Introducción. La escisión transanal total del mesorrecto es una alternativa en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La cirugía endoscópica transluminal a través de orificios naturales, usando el recto como un acceso en la cirugía colorrectal, es mejor tolerado que otros abordajes. Objetivo. Exponer las ventajas del abordaje transanal en el cáncer de recto. Materiales y métodos. Se expone un caso de abordaje quirúrgico transanal en Colombia. Se practicó una escisión total del mesorrecto por vía transanal, con un tiempo abdominal, en un paciente de sexo masculino de 57 años de edad con una lesión tumoral a 4 cm del margen anal, estudiado con colonoscopia, tomografía computadorizada y resonancia magnética con protocolo para recto. Se administraron quimioterapia y radioterapia neoadyuvante. Resultados. El tiempo quirúrgico total fue de 240 minutos. La ingestión alimentaria se reinició 12 horas después de la intervención y la primera descarga por la ileostomía se obtuvo a las 24 horas. Se dio de alta al quinto día posoperatorio, sin complicaciones y con un puntaje en la escala de dolor de 2/10. En la histopatología se informó una disección completa del mesorrecto con una clasificación patología T2N1. Conclusión. La mejor indicación de la vía transanal es en tumores del tercio inferior del recto (a menos de 6 cm del margen anal), ya que esta vía de abordaje soluciona algunos problemas que plantea la cirugía laparoscópica convencional (sección del recto con margen distal suficiente, disección pélvica), sobre todo en pacientes con características desfavorables para la cirugía laparoscópica (sexo masculino, obesos, pelvis estrecha y tumores voluminosos).