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C1QL1 is expressed in a subset of cells in the brain and likely has pleiotropic functions, including the regulation of neuron‐to‐neuron synapses. Research progress on C1QL proteins has been slowed by a dearth of available antibodies. Therefore, we created a novel knock‐in mouse line in which an HA‐tag is inserted into the endogenous C1ql1 locus. We examined the entire brain, identifying previously unappreciated nuclei expressing C1QL1, presumably in neurons. By total numbers, however, the large majority of C1QL1‐expressing cells are of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Subcellular immunolocalization of synaptic cleft proteins is challenging, so we developed a new protocol to improve signal at synapses. Lastly, we compared various anti‐HA antibodies to assist future investigations using this and likely other HA epitope‐tagged alleles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posaconazole, a triazole antifungal commonly used for the treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infections, is available in IV, oral suspension and oral delayed-release (DR) tablet formulations.[[1], [3]] Of the oral formulations, the DR tablet is favoured owing to its superior bioavailability, once-daily dosing and reliable absorption regardless of gastric acidity.[4] Even when dosed appropriately, posaconazole oral solution often does not achieve therapeutic levels.[5] This complicates administration in patients unable to swallow tablets whole and in whom long-term IV administration is undesirable. Additionally, two patients (Patients 3 and 6) were transitioned from twice-daily regimens on crushed DR tablets to equivalent doses administered whole. [Extracted from the article]

A new set of conditions was identified for the preparation of beta-aminoesters and amides that is heterogeneous catalysis with unprecedented diastereoselectivities and good substrate generality. This approach offers an alternative synthetic strategy to asymmetric hydrogenation methods.

This article highlights investigating intriguing number patterns utilizing an emerging technology called the Square Tool. Mathematics teachers of grades K–12 will find the Square Tool useful in making connections and bridging the gap from the concrete to the abstract. Pattern recognition helps students discover various mathematical concepts. With the development of puzzles, games, and computer programs, students have a chance to learn and practice the skills that are being created in the mathematics classrooms. By studying patterns that exist within different number arrangements, consistencies are observed among them. K– 12 students will investigate various mathematics relationships found in numbered squares including multiples, factors, ratios of comparative numbers, and other mathematical concepts K–12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been increasing interest in time-restricted eating to attain intermittent fasting's metabolic benefits. However, a more extended daily fast poses many challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 200-calorie fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) energy bar formulated to prolong ketogenesis and mitigate fasting-associated side effects. A randomized, controlled study was conducted comparing the impact of consuming an FMD bar vs. continued water fast, after a 15-h overnight fast. Subjects in the FMD group showed a 3-h postprandial beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level and 4-h postprandial BHB area under the curve (AUC0–4) that were non-inferior to those who continued with the water fast (p = 0.891 and p = 0.377, respectively). The postprandial glucose AUC0–4 in the FMD group was non-inferior to that in the water fast group (p = 0.899). A breakfast group served as a control, which confirmed that the instrument used in home glucose and ketone monitoring functioned as expected. The results indicate that FMD bar consumption does not interfere with the physiological ketogenesis associated with overnight fasting and could be used to facilitate the practice of time-restricted eating or intermittent fasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the highly diastereoselective heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of enamines for the synthesis of chiral β-amino acid derivatives. Enantiopure β-amino acids and their derivatives are components of a variety of important natural products and targets for pharmaceutical research. Towards the end, the article develops a diastereoselective heterogeneous catalytic system that converts enamines derived from β-ketoesters and amides and chiral phenyiglycine amide (PGA) to β-amino acid derivatives in up to 99%.

In congenital stationary night blindness, type 2 (CSNB2)-a disorder involving the Ca v 1.4 (L-type) Ca 2+ channel-visual impairment is mild considering that Ca v 1.4 mediates synaptic release from rod and cone photoreceptors. Here, we addressed this conundrum using a Ca v 1.4 knockout (KO) mouse and a knock-in (G369i KI) mouse expressing a non-conducting Ca v 1.4. Surprisingly, Ca v 3 (T-type) Ca 2+ currents were detected in cones of G369i KI mice and Ca v 1.4 KO mice but not in cones of wild-type mouse, ground squirrels, and macaque retina. Whereas Ca v 1.4 KO mice are blind, G369i KI mice exhibit normal photopic (i.e. cone-mediated) visual behavior. Cone synapses, which fail to form in Ca v 1.4 KO mice, are present, albeit enlarged, and with some errors in postsynaptic wiring in G369i KI mice. While Ca v 1.4 KO mice lack evidence of cone synaptic responses, electrophysiological recordings in G369i KI mice revealed nominal transmission from cones to horizontal cells and bipolar cells. In CSNB2, we propose that Ca v 3 channels maintain cone synaptic output provided that the nonconducting role of Ca v 1.4 in cone synaptogenesis remains intact. Our findings reveal an unexpected form of homeostatic plasticity that relies on a non-canonical role of an ion channel., Competing Interests: JM, GO, Jd, AH, CG, SW, KR, DF, NS, DM, BZ, SD, MH, AL No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Maddox, Ordemann et al.)