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This meta-analysis review undertakes a comprehensive examination of various approaches for identifying myopathic fillets and meticulously evaluates the effects of bird age, deboning time, and different cooking and storage conditions on woody breast (WB) myopathic conditions in broiler deboned fillets. The data, meticulously collected from 20 articles based on predefined inclusion criteria sourced from various databases and online resources, reveal significant insights. For instance, the analysis uncovers that deboning time significantly affects Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (MORS), Blunt Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (BMORS), and descriptive analysis values (p < 0.001). Instrumentation techniques, such as compression force and shear force, along with different cooking conditions, strongly impact BMORS shear force values (R2 = 86.80%), with significance levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.001. Deboning time also substantially impacts MORS shear force values (R = 64.03%). In contrast, the effects of deboning time, bird age, and cooking conditions on descriptive sensory evaluation are minimal when compared to woody breast fillets (age of birds: R2 = 26.53%; cooking conditions: R2 = 32.57%; deboning time: R2 = 10.06%). The overall effect of bird age on chicken breast meat quality shows significant differences for the evaluated parameters (Hedges' g [95% CI] = −0.72 [0.17, 1.26], I2 = 93%, p < 0.01). The sous vide cooking method significantly affects shear force energies and sensory descriptive evaluation for woody breast fillets (Hedges' g [95% CI] = 5.30 [−50.30, 83.40], I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). These findings, with their significant implications, provide valuable insights for optimizing processing conditions in the poultry industry to reduce woody breast occurrences and enhance meat quality, instilling confidence in the robustness of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable thermoelectric thin films have attracted considerable attention due to their prospective applications in wearable electronics. Nevertheless, targeted resolutions are required for persistent challenges such as the increased resistance and diminished electrical conductivity under strain. The present study focuses on the development of high-performance thermoelectric nanocomposites via the blending of thienyl-phenylene-thienylene-phenylene-thienyl (TPT) nonacyclic fused ring-based conjugated polymers with single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To disperse the CNTs, three TPT-based ladder-type random conjugated copolymers featuring distinct acceptor units are investigated, namely (i) thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (TPD), (ii) diphenylquinoxaline (QX), and (iii) thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TT). Notably, the highly planar backbone structure of TPT-TT efficiently wraps around the surfaces of the CNTs, thus facilitating their uniform dispersion within the nanocomposite film. Consequently, the TPT-TT/CNT nanocomposite exhibits superior thermoelectric properties, including a power factor (PF) of up to 678.8 mW m1 K2. In addition, stretchable thermoelectric thin films are fabricated on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate by incorporating various amounts of the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) elastomer into the TPT-TT/CNT nanocomposite. The ternary TPT-TT/CNT/SEBS25 (containing 25 wt% SEBS) nanocomposite film maintains a PF of 372.79 mW m1 K2 (73.2% of its initial value) at 50% strain. The present study introduces a straightforward approach for fabricating stretchable thermoelectric thin films with commendable thermoelectric performance under strains of up to 50% by blending the high-performance ladder-type conjugated-polymer/CNT nanocomposite with SEBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that are generally found in aquatic environments (1,2). The main symptoms of microsporidiosis are kerato-conjunctivitis, diarrhea, muscular infection, and acalculous cholecystitis, among which keratoconjunctivitis and [...]

Mineralized skeletal tissues of vertebrates are an evolutionary novelty within the chordate lineage. While the progenitor cells that contribute to vertebrate skeletal tissues are known to have two embryonic origins, the mesoderm and neural crest, the evolutionary origin of their developmental process remains unclear. Using cephalochordate amphioxus as our model, we found that cells at the lateral wall of the amphioxus somite express SPARC (a crucial gene for tissue mineralization) and various collagen genes. During development, some of these cells expand medially to surround the axial structures, including the neural tube, notochord and gut, while others expand laterally and ventrally to underlie the epidermis. Eventually these cell populations are found closely associated with the collagenous matrix around the neural tube, notochord, and dorsal aorta, and also with the dense collagen sheets underneath the epidermis. Using known genetic markers for distinct vertebrate somite compartments, we showed that the lateral wall of amphioxus somite likely corresponds to the vertebrate dermomyotome and lateral plate mesoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrated a conserved role for BMP signaling pathway in somite patterning of both amphioxus and vertebrates. These results suggest that compartmentalized somites and their contribution to primitive skeletal tissues are ancient traits that date back to the chordate common ancestor. The finding of SPARC-expressing skeletal scaffold in amphioxus further supports previous hypothesis regarding SPARC gene family expansion in the elaboration of the vertebrate mineralized skeleton.

Abstract A novel quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TII)‐containing small molecule family with dicyanomethylene end‐capping units and various alkyl chains is synthesized as n‐type organic small molecules for solution‐processable organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular structure of the 2‐hexyldecyl substituted derivative, TIIQ‐b16, is determined via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and shows that the TIIQ core is planar and exhibits molecular layers stacked in a “face‐to‐face” arrangement with short core intermolecular distances of 3.28 Å. The very planar core structure, shortest intermolecular N···H distance (2.52 Å), existence of an intramolecular non‐bonded contact between sulfur and oxygen atom (S···O) of 2.80 Å, and a very low‐lying LUMO energy level of −4.16 eV suggest that TIIQ molecules should be electron transporting semiconductors. The physical, thermal, and electrochemical properties as well as OFET performance and thin film morphologies of these new TIIQs are systematically studied. Thus, air‐processed TIIQ‐b16 OFETs exhibit an electron mobility up to 2.54 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a current ON/OFF ratio of 105–106, which is the first demonstration of TII‐based small molecules exhibiting unipolar electron transport characteristics and enhanced ambient stability. These results indicate that construction of quinoidal molecule from TII moiety is a successful approach to enhance n‐type charge transport characteristics.

The coevolution of the animal gut mucosa and the gut microbiota is poorly understood. Here, Nakashima et al. identify intestinal chitinous membranes in basal chordates and ray-finned fish, and propose that the loss of this chitin barrier allowed mucus layers to become colonized by microbes in mammals.

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have drawn extensive attention due to their excellent optical properties. However, their use is limited by poor stability. To enhance their stability, we electrospun perovskite-embedded fibers from composite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite QDs, blending with three polymers, poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or polystyrene (PS), for the light-emitting diode (LED) applications. We found that the stretchable CsPbBr3@SBS fibers revealed the highest photoluminescence quantum yield, the CsPbBr3@PMMA fibers demonstrated a high thermal stability, and the CsPbBr3@PS fibers exhibited the best water-resistant stability. The photoluminescence intensity maintained 83% of its initial intensity for more than 3 months in water. Furthermore, the LED devices are manufactured from the blue chips and packaged with the core/shell red and green perovskite-based fibers by using biaxial electrospinning exhibited stable and highly efficient white luminescence. The luminance and efficiency are higher than 400% of the values of multilayered structures.