Search

Your search keyword '"Huang, Junying"' showing total 132 results
Start Over Author "Huang, Junying" Language english
132 results on '"Huang, Junying"'

7. Identification of the RRM1 gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) and its response to rice blast.

Author

Jiang, Xinlei, Yu, Shangwei, Huang, Yuhan, Huang, Junying, Liu, Shaochun, Yang, Dewei, Fu, Junru, He, Haohua, and Fu, Haihui

Subjects
RICE blast disease, GENE expression, ALTERNATIVE RNA splicing, GENE families, NUCLEIC acids
Abstract

To better understand RNA-binding proteins in rice, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the RRM1 gene family of rice. It encompassed genome-wide identification and exploration of its role in rice blast resistance. The physicochemical properties of the rice OsRRM1 gene family were analyzed. There genes were also analyzed for their conserved domains, motifs, location information, gene structure, phylogenetic trees, collinearity, and cis-acting elements. Furthermore, alterations in the expression patterns of selected OsRRM1 genes were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 212 members of the OsRRM1 gene family were identified, which were dispersed across 12 chromosomes. These genes all exhibit multiple exons and introns, all of which encompass the conserved RRM1 domain and share analogous motifs. This observation suggests a high degree of conservation within the encoded sequence domain of these genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five subfamilies within the OsRRM1 gene family. Furthermore, investigation of the promoter region identified cis-regulatory elements that are involved in nucleic acid binding and interaction with multiple transcription factors. By employing GO and KEGG analyses, four RRM1 genes were tentatively identified as crucial contributors to plant immunity, while the RRM1 gene family was also found to have a significant involvement in the complex of alternative splicing. The qRT-PCR results revealed distinct temporal changes in the expression patterns of OsRRM1 genes following rice blast infection. Additionally, gene expression analysis indicates that the majority of OsRRM1 genes exhibited constitutive expressions. These findings enrich our understanding of the OsRRM1 gene family. They also provide a foundation for further research on immune mechanisms rice and the management of rice blast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. SP1-Induced Upregulation of LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 Promotes Tumor Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating mTOR Pathway.

Author

Li, Fangyuan, Xian, Daheng, Huang, Junying, Nie, Longzhu, Xie, Ting, Sun, Qiang, Zhang, Xiaohui, and Zhou, Yidong

Subjects
TRIPLE-negative breast cancer, UBIQUITINATION, UBIQUITIN ligases, NON-coding RNA, GENETIC regulation, CANCER invasiveness, LINCRNA, GENE expression
Abstract

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) actin fiber-associated protein-1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) exerted oncogenic activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We designed this study and conducted it to investigate the upstream regulation mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in TNBC tumorigenesis. In this work, we proved the localization of AFAP1-AS1 in the cytoplasm. We elucidated the mechanism by which the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) modulated AFAP1-AS1 in TNBC progression, which has yet to be thoroughly studied. Dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed a strong affinity of SP1 toward the promoter regions P3 of AFAP1-AS1, proving the gene expression regulation of AFAP1-AS1 via SP1 in TNBC. Additionally, SP1 could facilitate the tumorigenesis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the AFAP1-AS1 expression. Furthermore, silenced AFAP1-AS1 suppressed the expression of genes in the mTOR pathway, such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (EIF4B), mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (MAPKAP1), SEH1-like nucleoporin (SEH1L), serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), and its target NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4L), and promoted the gene expression of s-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2). Overall, this study emphasized the oncogenic role of SP1 and AFAP1-AS1 in TNBC and illustrated the AFAP1-AS1 upstream interaction with SP1 and the downstream modulatory of mTOR signaling, thus offering insights into the tumorigenesis mechanism in TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. JBNN: A Hardware Design for Binarized Neural Networks Using Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits.

Author

Fu, Rongliang, Huang, Junying, Wu, Haibin, Ye, Xiaochun, Fan, Dongrui, and Ho, Tsung-Yi

Subjects
*INDUSTRIAL capacity, *JOSEPHSON junctions, *COLUMNS, *SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, *HARDWARE, *SUPERCONDUCTING circuits
Abstract

As a high-performance application of low-temperature superconductivity, superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits have high speed and low-power consumption characteristics, which have recently received extensive attention, especially in the field of neural network inference accelerations. Despite these promising advantages, they are still limited by storage capacity and manufacture reliability, making them unfriendly for feedback loops and very large-scale circuits. The Binarized Neural Network (BNN), with minimal memory requirements and no reliance on multiplication, is undoubtedly an attractive candidate for implementing inference hardware using SFQ circuits. This work presents the first SFQ-based Binarized Neural Network inference accelerator, namely JBNN, with a new representation to binarize weights and activation variables. Every SFQ gate is essentially a pipeline stage, making conventional design methods of the accumulator unsuitable for SFQ circuits. So an SFQ-based accumulative parallel counter using SFQ logic cells including T1, OR, and AND is designed to realize the accumulation, where the data size is reduced to a quarter after passing the XNOR column and the AU layer, largely declining the hardware cost. Our evaluation shows that the proposed design outperforms a cryogenic CMOS-based BNN accelerator design running at 77K by 70.92 times while maintaining 97.89% accuracy on the MNIST benchmark dataset. Without the cooling cost, the power efficiency increases up to 929.18 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

Author

Hewes, V., Abed Abud, Adam, Abi, Babak, Acciarri, Roberto, Acero, Mario, Adamov, Giorge, Adams, David, Adinolfi, Marco, Aduszkiewicz, Antoni, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Alonso Monsalve, Saul, Alrashed, Munerah, Alt, Christoph, Alton, Andrew, Amedo, Pablo, Anderson, John, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Michael P, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Andringa, Sofia, Anfimov, Nikolay, Ankowski, Artur, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Aranda-Fernandez, Alfredo, Ariga, Akitaka, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Aurisano, Adam, Aushev, Vladimir, Autiero, Dario, Ayala-Torres, Marco Alberto, Azfar, Farrukh, Back, A., Back, Henning, Back, John, Backhouse, Chris, Baesso, Paolo, Bagaturia, Iuri, Bagby, Linda, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Baller, Bruce, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, Fernando, Barenboim, Gabriela, Barker, Gary J, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, Nuno, Barrow, Joshua, Basharina-Freshville, Anastasia, Bashyal, Amit, Basque, Vincent, Batista das Chagas, Ewerton, Belchior, E., Battat, J.B. R., Battisti, Federico, Bay, Fatih, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Beacom, John, Bechetoille, Edouard, Behera, Biswaranjan, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beltramello, Olga, Belver, Daniel, Benekos, Nektarios, Bento Neves, Francisco, Berkman, Sophie, Bernardini, Paolo, Berner, Roman, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bertolucci, Sergio, Betancourt, Minerba, Betancur Rodríguez, Amalia, Bhattacharjee, Maharnab, Bhuller, Shyam, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biagi, Simone, Bian, Jianming, Biassoni, Matteo, Biery, Kurt, Bilki, Burak, Bishai, Mary, Bitadze, Alexander, Blake, Andrew, Blaszczyk, Flor de Maria, Blazey, Gerald C, Blucher, Edward, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Bolton, Timothy, Bomben, Luca, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bonini, Filiberto, Booth, Alexander, Booth, Chris, Bordoni, Stefania, Borkum, Aran, Boschi, Tommaso, Bostan, Nilay, Bour, Petr, Bourgeois, Christian, Boyd, Steve B, Boyden, Daniel, Bracinik, Juraj, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, Bremer, Johan, Brew, Christopher, Brianne, Eldwan, Brice, Stephen, Brizzolari, Claudia, Bromberg, Carl, Brooijmans, Gustaaf, Brooke, Jim, Bross, Alan, Brunetti, Giulia, Brunetti, Maria, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Cagnoli, I., Caiulo, Davide, Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Calvo, Enrique, Caminata, Alessio, Campanelli, Mario, Cankocak, Kerem, Caratelli, David, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Carniti, Paolo, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Carroll, Thomas, Castaño Forero, Javier, Castillo, Andrés, Castromonte, Cesar, Catano-Mur, Erika, Cattadori, Carla, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Cerati, Giuseppe, Cervelli, Alberto, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chappell, Andrew, Chardonnet, Etienne, Charitonidis, Nikolas, Chatterjee, Animesh, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Mu-Chun, Chen, Yifan, Chen, Zheyang, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Chisnall, Georgia, Cho, Kihyeon, Choate, Sarah, Chokheli, David, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, Christian, David, Christodoulou, Georgios, Chukanov, Artem, Church, Eric, Cicero, V., Clarke, Peter, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, J.A. B., Conley, Erin, Conley, Robert, Conrad, Janet M, Convery, Mark, Copello, Simone, Corwin, Luke, Cremaldi, Lucien, Cremonesi, Linda, Crespo-Anadón, José, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Cudd, Andrew, Cuesta, Clara, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Dalager, Olivia, da Motta, Helio, da Silva Peres, Leonardo, David, Claire, David, Quentin, Davies, Gavin, Davini, Stefano, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, de Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, De Bonis, Isabelle, Decowski, M Patrick, de Gouvea, Andre, de Holanda, Pedro, de Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, De Jong, Paul, Delbart, Alain, Delepine, David, Delgado, Maritza, Dell'Acqua, Andrea, De Lurgio, Patrick, de Mello Neto, J.R. T., DeMuth, David, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Deptuch, Grzegorz, De Roeck, Albert, De Romeri, Valentina, de Souza, Greg, Dharmapalan, Ranjan, Diaz, Felix, Diaz, Jorge S, Di Domizio, Sergio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Ding, Pengfei, Di Noto, Lea, Distefano, Carla, Diurba, Richard, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Dolan, Stephen, Dolinski, Michelle J, Domine, Laura, Douglas, Daniel, Douillet, Denis, Drake, Gary, Drielsma, Francois, Duchesneau, Dominique, Duffy, Kirsty, Dunne, Patrick, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Dvornikov, Olexiy, Dwyer, Daniel A, Dyshkant, Alexandre S, Eads, Michael, Earle, Antony, Edmunds, Daniel, Eisch, Jonathan, Emberger, Lorenz, Emery, Sandrine, Ereditato, Antonio, Escobar, Carlos O, Eurin, Guillaume, Evans, Justin, Ewart, Erin, Ezeribe, Anthony, Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Farzan, Yasaman, Felix, Julian, Fernandes Carneiro da Silva, Mateus, Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique, Fernandez Menendez, Pablo, Ferraro, Federico, Fields, Laura, Filthaut, Frank, Fiorentini, Arturo, Fitzpatrick, Rory, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Forero, David, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Franc, Jiri, Francis, Kurt, Franco, Domenico, Freeman, John, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Furic, Ivan, Furmanski, Andrew, Gabrielli, A., Gago, AM, Gallagher, Hugh, Gallas, Alexandre, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Gamberini, Enrico, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Gandrajula, Reddy, Gao, Fan, Gao, Shanshan, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Zahra, Gibin, Daniele, Gil-Botella, Ines, Gilligan, Sean, Girerd, Claude, Giri, Anjan Kumar, Gnani, Dario, Gogota, Olga, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Gomes, Ricardo, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Fajardo, L.S. Gomez, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Gonzalez-Diaz, Deigo, Gonzalez-Lopez, Manuel, Goodman, Maury, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gran, Rik, Granados, Everardo, Granger, Pierre, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Greenler, Leland, Greer, Joel, Griffith, Clark, Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Guerard, Eric, Guerzoni, M., Guglielmi, Alberto, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K.K., Gutierrez, Rafael, Guzowski, Pawel, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, Alec, Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Haiston, James, Hamacher-Baumann, Philip, Hamernik, Thomas, Hamilton, Philip, Han, Jiyeon, Harris, Deborah, Hartnell, Jeffrey, Harton, John, Hasegawa, Takyua, Hasnip, Ciaran, Hatcher, Robert, Hatfield, Kaleb, Hatzikoutelis, Athanasios, Hayes, Christopher, Hazen, Eric, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Heise, Jaret, Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Herner, Kenneth, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, Jeremy, Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Hill, Tony, Hillier, Stephen, Himmel, Alexander, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, Eric, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Hostert, Matheus, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Huang, Junting, Huang, Junying, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Ilic, Nikolina, Iliescu, Antoniu, Illingworth, Robert, Ingratta, G., Ioannisian, Ara, Isenhower, Larry, Itay, Ran, Izmaylov, Alexander, Jackson, Saskia, Jain, Vivek, James, Eric, Jargowsky, Benjamin, Jediny, Filip, Jena, Deepika, Jeong, Yu Seon, Jesús-Valls, César, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, Libo, Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Johnson, Randy, Johnston, N., Jones, Benjamin, Jones, Sebastian, Judah, Matthew, Jung, Chang Kee, Junk, Thomas, Jwa, Yeon-jae, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, I., Kakorin, Igor, Kamiya, Felipe, Kaneshige, Nathaniel, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Karaman, Gurkan, Karcher, Armin, Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Kazaryan, Narine, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kelly, Kevin, Kemp, Ernesto, Kemularia, O., Ketchum, Wes, Kettell, Steve, Khabibullin, Marat, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, Doojin, King, Bonnie, Kirby, Brian, Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koehler, Kevin, Koerner, Lisa, Kohn, Sam, Koller, Patrick, Kolupaeva, Liudmila, Kordosky, Mike, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V Alan, Kothekar, Kunal, Krennrich, Frank, Kreslo, Igor, Kudenko, Yury, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, Kulagin, Sergey, Kumar, Jason, Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, R., Kunze, Pablo, Kurita, Nadine, Kuruppu, Chatura, Kus, Vaclav, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, Andrew, Land, Benjamin, Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Langford, Thomas, Larkin, Jacob, Lasorak, Pierre, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Laurenti, G., Lawrence, Andrew, Lazanu, Ionel, LaZur, Ryan, Le, Trung, Leardini, Sara, Learned, John, LeBrun, Patrice, LeCompte, Thomas, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Lehnert, Ralf, de Oliveira, M.A. Leigui, Leitner, Matthaeus, Li, Lingge, Li, Shirley W, Li, Teng, Li, Yichen, Liao, Heng-Ye, Lin, Cheng-Ju Stephen, Lin, Qing, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, Junze, Lockwitz, Sarah, Loew, Timothy, Lokajicek, Milos, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, Lorca, David, Lord, Tom, LoSecco, John M, Louis, William, Lu, Xianguo, Luk, Kam-Biu, Luo, Xiao, Lurkin, Nicolas, Lux, Thorsten, Luzio, Vitor, MacFarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Machado, Pedro, Macias, Christopher Thomas, Macier, Jolie R, Maddalena, Antonello, Madera, Alfonso, Madigan, Peter, Magill, Steve, Mahn, Kendall, Maio, Amélia, Major, Adryanna, Maloney, James, Mandrioli, Gianni, Mandujano, Roberto, Maneira, José, Manenti, Laura, Manly, Steve, Mann, Anthony, Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Manyam, Venkata, Manzanillas, Luis, Marchan, Miquel, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marie, Rodolphe, Marinho, Franciole, Marino, Alysia, Marsden, David, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, Chris, Marshall, John, Marteau, Jacques, Martin-Albo, Justo, Martinez, Norman, Martinez Caicedo, David, Martynenko, Sergey, Mason, Katie, Mastbaum, Andrew, Masud, Mehedi, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, James, Mauger, Christopher, Mauri, Nicoletta, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mawby, Isobel, Mazza, Roberto, Mazzacane, Anna, Mazzucato, Edoardo, McAskill, Tracy, McCluskey, Elaine, McConkey, Nicola, McFarland, Kevin, McGrew, Clark, McNab, Andrew, Mefodiev, Alexander, Mehta, Poonam, Melas, Pantelis, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendez, Hector, Méndez, Diana, Menegolli, A., Meng, Guang, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Mettler, Thomas, Mewes, Matthew, Meyer, Holger, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Migenda, Jost, Mikola, Veera, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Joshua, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Miranda, Omar, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C Shekhar, Mishra, Sanjib R, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Moffat, Kristian, Moggi, Niccolo, Mohanta, Rukmani, Mohayai, Tanaz, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Montanari, Alessandro, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Montagna, E., Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Moor, Alexandra, Moreno, Deywis, Morris, Casandra, Mossey, Chris, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Célio, Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Muether, Mathew, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Munford, Donnie, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, Srishti, Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Narita, Shinya, Navas-Nicolás, Diana, Navrer-Agasson, Anyssa, Nayak, Nitish, Nebot-Guinot, Miquel, Negishi, Kentaro, Nelson, Jeff, Nesbit, Jake, Nessi, Marzio, Newbold, David, Newcomer, Mitch, Newhart, Duane, Newton, Hannah, Niccolo, M., Nichol, Ryan, Nicolas-Arnaldos, Francisco, Nicoletta, M., Niner, Evan, Nishimura, Kurtis, Norman, Andrew, Norrick, Anne, Northrop, Rich, Novella, Pau, Nowak, Jaroslaw, Oberling, Michael, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro, Olivares Del Campo, Andres, Olivier, Andrew, Olshevskiy, Alexander, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Pagani, Luca, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palacio, Guillermo, Palamara, Ornella, Palestini, Sandro, Paley, Jonathan, Pallavicini, Marco, Palomares, Carmen, Palomino-Gallo, Jose, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Papaleo, Riccardo, Papanestis, Antonis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Parke, Stephen, Parsa, Zohreh, Parvu, Mihaela, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Patrick, Cheryl, Patrizii, Laura, Patterson, Ryan, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Paulucci, Laura, Pavlovic, Zarko, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Pec, Viktor, Peeters, S.J. M., Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Peres, Orlando, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Pessina, Gianluigi, Petrillo, Gianluca, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Plunkett, Robert, Poling, Ronald, Pons, Xavier, Poonthottathil, Navaneeth, Poppi, F., Pordes, Stephen, Porter, Joshua, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B.V. K.S., Pozimski, Juergen, Pozzato, Michele, Prakash, Suprabh, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qian, Xin, Queiroga Bazetto, Maria Cecilia, Raaf, Jennifer L, Radeka, Veljko, Rademacker, Jonas, Radics, Balint, Rafique, Aleena, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotonandrasana, Andrianjafy Michaël, Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Ramachers, Yorck A, Rameika, Regina, Ramirez Delgado, Manuel Alejandro, Ramson, Bryan, Rappoldi, A., Raselli, GL, Ratoff, Peter, Raut, Sanil, Razakamiandra, Rado Fanantenana, Real, Jean-Sebastien, Rebel, Brian, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rehak, Tyler, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S.D., Rejeb Sfar, Haifa, Renshaw, Andrew, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccio, Ciro, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, L.C. J., Ricol, Jean-Stephane, Rigamonti, Alberto, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Roda, Marco, Rodrigues, Philip, Rodriguez Alonso, Manuel, Rodriguez Bonilla, Engelver, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Rosenberg, Matt, Rosier, Philippe, Roskovec, Bedrich, Rossella, Massimo, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Palash, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Rubio, Francisco, Russell, Brooke, Ruterbories, Daniel, Saakyan, Ruben, Sacerdoti, Sabrina, Safford, Twymun, Sahay, Rahul, Sahu, Narendra, Sala, Paola, Samios, Nicholas, Samoylov, Oleg, Sanchez, Mayly, Sanders, David, Sankey, David, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Sapienza, Piera, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Scarff, Andrew, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Schellman, Heidi, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David, Scholberg, Kate, Schukraft, Anne, Segreto, Ettore, Sensenig, Jon, Seong, Ilsoo, Sergi, Antonino, Sgalaberna, Davide, Shaevitz, Michael H, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, Michael, Sharankova, Ralitsa, Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Sharma, Rajeev, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shin, Seodong, Shooltz, Dean, Shrock, Robert, Simard, Laurent, Singh, Jaydip, Singh, Jyotsna, Simon, F., Simos, Nikolaos, Sinclair, James, Sinev, Gleb, Singh, Venktesh, Sipos, Roland, Sippach, F.W., Sirri, Gabriele, Sitraka, Andriaseta, Siyeon, Kim, Skarpaas VIII, Knut, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Snider, E.L., Snopok, Pavel, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Solano Salinas, Carlos, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Soleti, S., Solomey, Nicholas, Solovov, Vladimir, Sondheim, Walter, Sorel, Michel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Sousa, Alexandre, Soustruznik, Karel, Spagliardi, Fabio, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, N.J. C., Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Stanco, Luca, Stanley, Rose, Stein, Raul, Steiner, Herbert M, Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Stock, Jason, Stocker, Francesca, Stokes, Tyler, Strait, Matthew, Strauss, Thomas, Striganov, Sergei, Stuart, Alexander, Suarez, Juan, Sullivan, Hunter, Summers, Don, Surdo, Antonio, Susic, Vasja, Suter, Louise, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Talaga, Richard, Tanaka, Hirohisa, Tapia Oregui, Beatriz, Tapper, Alexander, Tariq, Salman, Tatar, E., Tayloe, Rex, Teklu, Abraham Meles, Tenti, Matteo, Terao, Kazuhiro, Ternes, Christoph, Terranova, Francesco, Testera, Gemma, Thea, Alessandro, Thompson, Joshua, Thorn, Craig, Timm, Steven C, Todd, Jacob, Tonazzo, Alessandra, Torbunov, Dmitri, Torti, Marta, Tortola, Mariam, Tortorici, Francesco, Totani, Dante, Toups, Matthew, Touramanis, Christos, Tosi, N., Travaglini, R., Trevor, Jason, Trilov, Stoyan, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Usher, Tracy, Uzunyan, Sergey, Vagins, Mark, Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Valencia, Edgar, Valerio, P., Vallari, Zoya, Valle, J.W. F., Vallecorsa, Sofia, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Varanini, Filippo, Vargas, Danaisis, Varner, Gary, Vasel, Justin, Vasina, Svetlana, Vasseur, Georges, Vaughan, Noah, Vaziri, Kamran, Ventura, Sandro, Verdugo, Antonio, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vicenzi, Matteo, Vieira de Souza, Henrique, Vignoli, Chiara, Vilela, Cristovao, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Wallbank, Michael, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Wang, L., Wang, M.H. L.S., Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wascko, Morgan, Waters, David, Watson, Alan, Weatherly, Pierce, Weber, Alfons, Weber, Michele, Wei, Hanyu, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, White, Andy, Whitehead, Leigh, Whittington, Denver, Wilking, Michael, Wilkinson, Callum, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Fergus, Wilson, Robert, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Anthony, Wood, Kevin, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Wret, Clarence, Wu, Wanwei, Wu, Wenjie, Xiao, Yiwen, Yandel, Erin, Yang, Guang, Yang, Kang, Yang, Shaokai, Yang, Tingjun, Yankelevich, Alejandro, Yershov, Nikolai, Yonehara, Katsuya, Young, Tim, Yu, Bo, Yu, Haiwang, Yu, Jae, Yuan, Wenlong, Zaki, Rowan, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zambelli, Laura, Zamorano, Bruno, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeit, Grace, Zeller, Geralyn, Zeller, G.P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Zhang, Chao, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Zhu, Guanying, Zilberman, Perri, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Zucchelli, Stefano, Zuklin, Josef, Zutshi, Vishnu, Zwaska, Robert, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Commission of the European Communities, Abud, A. A., Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adamov, G., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Aduszkiewicz, A., Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, J., Alion, T., Monsalve, S. A., Alrashed, M., Alt, C., Alton, A., Amedo, P., Anderson, J., Andreopoulos, C., Andrews, M. P., Andrianala, F., Andringa, S., Anfimov, N., Ankowski, A., Antonova, M., Antusch, S., Aranda-Fernandez, A., Ariga, A., Arnold, L. O., Arroyave, M. A., Asaadi, J., Aurisano, A., Aushev, V., Autiero, D., Ayala-Torres, M., Azfar, F., Back, A., Back, H., Back, J. J., Backhouse, C., Baesso, P., Bagaturia, I., Bagby, L., Balasubramanian, S., Baldi, P., Baller, B., Bambah, B., Barao, F., Barenboim, G., Barker, G. J., Barkhouse, W., Barnes, C., Barr, G., Monarca, J. B., Barros, N., Barrow, J. L., Basharina-Freshville, A., Bashyal, A., Basque, V., Belchior, E., Battat, J. B. R., Battisti, F., Bay, F., Alba, J. L. B., Beacom, J. F., Bechetoille, E., Behera, B., Bellantoni, L., Bellettini, G., Bellini, V., Beltramello, O., Belver, D., Benekos, N., Neves, F. B., Berkman, S., Bernardini, P., Berner, R. M., Berns, H., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Rodriguez, A. B., Bhattacharjee, M., Bhuller, S., Bhuyan, B., Biagi, S., Bian, J., Biassoni, M., Biery, K., Bilki, B., Bishai, M., Bitadze, A., Blake, A., Blaszczyk, F. D. M., Blazey, G. C., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bolognesi, S., Bolton, T., Bomben, L., Bonesini, M., Bongrand, M., Bonini, F., Booth, A., Booth, C., Bordoni, S., Borkum, A., Boschi, T., Bostan, N., Bour, P., Bourgeois, C., Boyd, S. B., Boyden, D., Bracinik, J., Braga, D., Brailsford, D., Brandt, A., Bremer, J., Brew, C., Brianne, E., Brice, S. J., Brizzolari, C., Bromberg, C., Brooijmans, G., Brooke, J., Bross, A., Brunetti, G., Brunetti, M., Buchanan, N., Budd, H., Cagnoli, I., Caiulo, D., Calafiura, P., Calcutt, J., Calin, M., Calvez, S., Calvo, E., Caminata, A., Campanelli, M., Cankocak, K., Caratelli, D., Carini, G., Carlus, B., Carniti, P., Terrazas, I. C., Carranza, H., Carroll, T., Castano Forero, J. F., Castillo, A., Castromonte, C., Catano-Mur, E., Cattadori, C., Cavalier, F., Cavanna, F., Centro, S., Cerati, G., Cervelli, A., Villanueva, A. C., Chalifour, M., Chappell, A., Chardonnet, E., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, H., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cherdack, D., Chi, C., Childress, S., Chiriacescu, A., Chisnall, G., Cho, K., Choate, S., Chokheli, D., Choubey, S., Christensen, A., Christian, D., Christodoulou, G., Chukanov, A., Church, E., Cicero, V., Clarke, P., Coan, T. E., Cocco, A. G., Coelho, J. A. B., Conley, E., Conley, R., Conrad, J. M., Convery, M., Copello, S., Corwin, L., Cremaldi, L., Cremonesi, L., Crespo-Anadon, J. I., Cristaldo, E., Cross, R., Cudd, A., Cuesta, C., Cui, Y., Cussans, D., Dabrowski, M., Dalager, O., Da Motta, H., Da Silva Peres, L., David, C., David, Q., Davies, G. S., Davini, S., Dawson, J., De, K., De Almeida, R. M., Debbins, P., De Bonis, I., Decowski, M. P., De Gouvea, A., De Holanda, P. C., De Icaza Astiz, I. L., Deisting, A., De Jong, P., Delbart, A., Delepine, D., Delgado, M., Dell'Acqua, A., De Lurgio, P., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Muth, D. M., Dennis, S., Densham, C., Deptuch, G. W., De Roeck, A., De Romeri, V., De Souza, G., Dharmapalan, R., Diaz, F., Diaz, J. S., Di Domizio, S., Di Giulio, L., Ding, P., Di Noto, L., Distefano, C., Diurba, R., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Dokania, N., Dolan, S., Dolinski, M. J., Domine, L., Douglas, D., Douillet, D., Drake, G., Drielsma, F., Duchesneau, D., Duffy, K., Dunne, P., Durkin, T., Duyang, H., Dvornikov, O., Dwyer, D. A., Dyshkant, A. S., Eads, M., Earle, A., Edmunds, D., Eisch, J., Emberger, L., Emery, S., Ereditato, A., Escobar, C. O., Eurin, G., Evans, J. J., Ewart, E., Ezeribe, A. C., Fahey, K., Falcone, A., Farnese, C., Farzan, Y., Felix, J., Carneiro Da Silva, M. F., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Fernandez Menendez, P., Ferraro, F., Fields, L., Filthaut, F., Fiorentini, A., Fitzpatrick, R. S., Flanagan, W., Fleming, B., Flight, R., Forero, D. V., Fowler, J., Fox, W., Franc, J., Francis, K., Franco, D., Freeman, J., Freestone, J., Fried, J., Friedland, A., Fuess, S., Furic, I., Furmanski, A. P., Gabrielli, A., Gago, A., Gallagher, H., Gallas, A., Gallego-Ros, A., Gallice, N., Galymov, V., Gamberini, E., Gamble, T., Gandhi, R., Gandrajula, R., Gao, F., Gao, S., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Peris, M. A., Gardiner, S., Gastler, D., Ge, G., Gelli, B., Gendotti, A., Gent, S., Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z., Gibin, D., Gil-Botella, I., Gilligan, S., Girerd, C., Giri, A. K., Gnani, D., Gogota, O., Gold, M., Gollapinni, S., Gollwitzer, K., Gomes, R. A., Gomez Bermeo, L. V., Gomez Fajardo, L. S., Gonnella, F., Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. A., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Gonzalez-Lopez, M., Goodman, M. C., Goodwin, O., Goswami, S., Gotti, C., Goudzovski, E., Grace, C., Graham, M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Granger, P., Grant, A., Grant, C., Gratieri, D., Green, P., Greenler, L., Greer, J., Griffith, W. C., Groh, M., Grudzinski, J., Grzelak, K., Gu, W., Guarino, V., Guenette, R., Guerard, E., Guerzoni, M., Guglielmi, A., Guo, B., Guthikonda, K. K., Gutierrez, R., Guzowski, P., Guzzo, M. M., Gwon, S., Habig, A., Hadavand, H., Haenni, R., Hahn, A., Haiston, J., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Hamernik, T., Hamilton, P., Han, J., Harris, D. A., Hartnell, J., Harton, J., Hasegawa, T., Hasnip, C., Hatcher, R., Hatfield, K. W., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayes, C., Hazen, E., Heavey, A., Heeger, K. M., Heise, J., Hennessy, K., Henry, S., Hernandez Morquecho, M. A., Herner, K., Hertel, L., Hewes, J., Higuera, A., Hill, T., Hillier, S. J., Himmel, A., Hoff, J., Hohl, C., Holin, A., Hoppe, E., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hostert, M., Hourlier, A., Howard, B., Howell, R., Huang, J., Hugon, J., Iles, G., Ilic, N., Iliescu, A. M., Illingworth, R., Ingratta, G., Ioannisian, A., Isenhower, L., Itay, R., Izmaylov, A., Jackson, S., Jain, V., James, E., Jargowsky, B., Jediny, F., Jena, D., Jeong, Y. S., Jesus-Valls, C., Ji, X., Jiang, L., Jimenez, S., Jipa, A., Johnson, R., Johnston, N., Jones, B., Jones, S. B., Judah, M., Jung, C. K., Junk, T., Jwa, Y., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A., Kadenko, I., Kakorin, I., Kamiya, F., Kaneshige, N., Karagiorgi, G., Karaman, G., Karcher, A., Karolak, M., Karyotakis, Y., Kasai, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashur, L., Kazaryan, N., Kearns, E., Keener, P., Kelly, K. J., Kemp, E., Kemularia, O., Ketchum, W., Kettell, S. H., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Khvedelidze, A., Kim, D., King, B., Kirby, B., Kirby, M., Klein, J., Koehler, K., Koerner, L. W., Kohn, S., Koller, P. P., Kolupaeva, L., Kordosky, M., Kosc, T., Kose, U., Kostelecky, V. A., Kothekar, K., Krennrich, F., Kreslo, I., Kudenko, Y., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kulagin, S., Kumar, J., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kunze, P., Kurita, N., Kuruppu, C., Kus, V., Kutter, T., Lambert, A., Land, B., Lande, K., Lane, C. E., Lang, K., Langford, T., Larkin, J., Lasorak, P., Last, D., Lastoria, C., Laundrie, A., Laurenti, G., Lawrence, A., Lazanu, I., Lazur, R., Le, T., Leardini, S., Learned, J., Lebrun, P., Lecompte, T., Lehmann Miotto, G., Lehnert, R., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Leitner, M., Li, L., Li, S. W., Li, T., Li, Y., Liao, H., Lin, C. S., Lin, Q., Lin, S., Lister, A., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J., Lockwitz, S., Loew, T., Lokajicek, M., Lomidze, I., Long, K., Loo, K., Lorca, D., Lord, T., Losecco, J. M., Louis, W. C., Lu, X. -G., Luk, K. B., Luo, X., Lurkin, N., Lux, T., Luzio, V. P., Macfarlane, D., Machado, A. A., Machado, P., Macias, C. T., Macier, J. R., Maddalena, A., Madera, A., Madigan, P., Magill, S., Mahn, K., Maio, A., Major, A., Maloney, J. A., Mandrioli, G., Mandujano, R. C., Maneira, J., Manenti, L., Manly, S., Mann, A., Manolopoulos, K., Manrique Plata, M., Manyam, V. N., Manzanillas, L., Marchan, M., Marchionni, A., Marciano, W., Marfatia, D., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, R., Marinho, F., Marino, A. D., Marsden, D., Marshak, M., Marshall, C. M., Marshall, J., Marteau, J., Martin-Albo, J., Martinez, N., Martinez Caicedo, D. A., Martynenko, S., Mason, K., Mastbaum, A., Masud, M., Matsuno, S., Matthews, J., Mauger, C., Mauri, N., Mavrokoridis, K., Mawby, I., Mazza, R., Mazzacane, A., Mazzucato, E., Mcaskill, T., Mccluskey, E., Mcconkey, N., Mcfarland, K. S., Mcgrew, C., Mcnab, A., Mefodiev, A., Mehta, P., Melas, P., Mena, O., Menary, S., Mendez, H., Mendez, D. P., Menegolli, A., Meng, G., Messier, M. D., Metcalf, W., Mettler, T., Mewes, M., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Michna, G., Miedema, T., Migenda, J., Mikola, V., Milincic, R., Miller, W., Mills, J., Milne, C., Mineev, O., Miranda, O. G., Miryala, S., Mishra, C. S., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mladenov, D., Mocioiu, I., Moffat, K., Moggi, N., Mohanta, R., Mohayai, T. A., Mokhov, N., Molina, J., Molina Bueno, L., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Montanari, D., Montagna, E., Montano Zetina, L. M., Moon, J., Mooney, M., Moor, A. F., Moreno, D., Morris, C., Mossey, C., Motuk, E., Moura, C. A., Mousseau, J., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Mueller, J., Muether, M., Mufson, S., Muheim, F., Muir, A., Mulhearn, M., Munford, D., Muramatsu, H., Murphy, S., Musser, J., Nachtman, J., Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, M., Nandakumar, R., Naples, D., Narita, S., Navas-Nicolas, D., Navrer-Agasson, A., Nayak, N., Nebot-Guinot, M., Negishi, K., Nelson, J. K., Nesbit, J., Nessi, M., Newbold, D., Newcomer, M., Newhart, D., Newton, H., Niccolo, M., Nichol, R., Nicolas-Arnaldos, F., Nicoletta, M., Niner, E., Nishimura, K., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Northrop, R., Novella, P., Nowak, J. A., Oberling, M., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olivares Del Campo, A., Olivier, A., Olshevskiy, A., Onel, Y., Onishchuk, Y., Ott, J., Pagani, L., Pakvasa, S., Palacio, G., Palamara, O., Palestini, S., Paley, J. M., Pallavicini, M., Palomares, C., Palomino-Gallo, J. L., Pantic, E., Paolone, V., Papadimitriou, V., Papaleo, R., Papanestis, A., Paramesvaran, S., Parke, S., Parsa, Z., Parvu, M., Pascoli, S., Pasqualini, L., Pasternak, J., Pater, J., Patrick, C., Patrizii, L., Patterson, R. B., Patton, S. J., Patzak, T., Paudel, A., Paulos, B., Paulucci, L., Pavlovic, Z., Pawloski, G., Payne, D., Pec, V., Peeters, S. J. M., Pennacchio, E., Penzo, A., Peres, O. L. G., Perry, J., Pershey, D., Pessina, G., Petrillo, G., Petta, C., Petti, R., Piastra, F., Pickering, L., Pietropaolo, F., Plunkett, R., Poling, R., Pons, X., Poonthottathil, N., Poppi, F., Pordes, S., Porter, J., Potekhin, M., Potenza, R., Potukuchi, B. V. K. S., Pozimski, J., Pozzato, M., Prakash, S., Prakash, T., Prince, S., Pugnere, D., Qian, X., Queiroga Bazetto, M. C., Raaf, J. L., Radeka, V., Rademacker, J., Radics, B., Rafique, A., Raguzin, E., Rai, M., Rajaoalisoa, M., Rakhno, I., Rakotonandrasana, A., Rakotondravohitra, L., Ramachers, Y. A., Rameika, R., Ramirez Delgado, M. A., Ramson, B., Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G., Ratoff, P., Raut, S., Razakamiandra, R. F., Real, J. S., Rebel, B., Reggiani-Guzzo, M., Rehak, T., Reichenbacher, J., Reitzner, S. D., Rejeb Sfar, H., Renshaw, A., Rescia, S., Resnati, F., Reynolds, A., Riccio, C., Riccobene, G., Rice, L. C. J., Ricol, J., Rigamonti, A., Rigaut, Y., Rivera, D., Rochester, L., Roda, M., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Alonso, M. J., Rodriguez Bonilla, E., Rodriguez Rondon, J., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rosenberg, M., Rosier, P., Roskovec, B., Rossella, M., Rout, J., Roy, P., Roy, S., Rubbia, A., Rubbia, C., Rubio, F. C., Russell, B., Ruterbories, D., Saakyan, R., Sacerdoti, S., Safford, T., Sahay, R., Sahu, N., Sala, P., Samios, N., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Sanders, D. A., Sankey, D., Santana, S., Santos-Maldonado, M., Saoulidou, N., Sapienza, P., Sarasty, C., Sarcevic, I., Savage, G., Savinov, V., Scaramelli, A., Scarff, A., Scarpelli, A., Schaffer, T., Schellman, H., Schlabach, P., Schmitz, D., Scholberg, K., Schukraft, A., Segreto, E., Sensenig, J., Seong, I., Sergi, A., Sgalaberna, D., Shaevitz, M. H., Shafaq, S., Shamma, M., Sharankova, R., Sharma, H. R., Sharma, R., Shaw, T., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C., Shin, S., Shooltz, D., Shrock, R., Simard, L., Simon, F., Simos, N., Sinclair, J., Sinev, G., Singh, J., Singh, V., Sipos, R., Sippach, F. W., Sirri, G., Sitraka, A., Siyeon, K., Skarpaas, K., Smith, A., Smith, E., Smith, P., Smolik, J., Smy, M., Snider, E. L., Snopok, P., Soares Nunes, M., Sobel, H., Soderberg, M., Solano Salinas, C. J., Soldner-Rembold, S., Soleti, S., Solomey, N., Solovov, V., Sondheim, W. E., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Spagliardi, F., Spanu, M., Spitz, J., Spooner, N. J. C., Spurgeon, K., Staley, R., Stancari, M., Stanco, L., Stanley, R., Stein, R., Steiner, H. M., Stewart, J., Stillwell, B., Stock, J., Stocker, F., Stokes, T., Strait, M., Strauss, T., Striganov, S., Stuart, A., Suarez, J. G., Sullivan, H., Summers, D., Surdo, A., Susic, V., Suter, L., Sutera, C. M., Svoboda, R., Szczerbinska, B., Szelc, A. M., Talaga, R., Tanaka, H. A., Oregui, B. T., Tapper, A., Tariq, S., Tatar, E., Tayloe, R., Teklu, A. M., Tenti, M., Terao, K., Ternes, C. A., Terranova, F., Testera, G., Thea, A., Thompson, J. L., Thorn, C., Timm, S. C., Todd, J., Tonazzo, A., Torbunov, D., Torti, M., Tortola, M., Tortorici, F., Totani, D., Toups, M., Touramanis, C., Tosi, N., Travaglini, R., Trevor, J., Trilov, S., Trzaska, W. H., Tsai, Y. T., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsang, K. V., Tsverava, N., Tufanli, S., Tull, C., Tyley, E., Tzanov, M., Uchida, M. A., Urheim, J., Usher, T., Uzunyan, S., Vagins, M. R., Vahle, P., Valdiviesso, G. A., Valencia, E., Valerio, P., Vallari, Z., Valle, J. W. F., Vallecorsa, S., Van Berg, R., Van De Water, R. G., Varanini, F., Vargas, D., Varner, G., Vasel, J., Vasina, S., Vasseur, G., Vaughan, N., Vaziri, K., Ventura, S., Verdugo, A., Vergani, S., Vermeulen, M. A., Verzocchi, M., Vicenzi, M., Vieira De Souza, H., Vignoli, C., Vilela, C., Viren, B., Vrba, T., Wachala, T., Waldron, A. V., Wallbank, M., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M. H. L. S., Wang, Y., Warburton, K., Warner, D., Wascko, M., Waters, D., Watson, A., Weatherly, P., Weber, A., Weber, M., Wei, H., Weinstein, A., Wenman, D., Wetstein, M., White, A., Whitehead, L. H., Whittington, D., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Williams, Z., Wilson, F., Wilson, R. J., Wolcott, J., Wongjirad, T., Wood, A., Wood, K., Worcester, E., Worcester, M., Wret, C., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yandel, E., Yang, G., Yang, K., Yang, S., Yang, T., Yankelevich, A., Yershov, N., Yonehara, K., Young, T., Yu, B., Yu, H., Yu, J., Yuan, W., Zaki, R., Zalesak, J., Zambelli, L., Zamorano, B., Zani, A., Zazueta, L., Zeit, G., Zeller, G. P., Zennamo, J., Zeug, K., Zhang, C., Zhao, M., Zhivun, E., Zhu, G., Zilberman, P., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., Zucchelli, S., Zuklin, J., Zutshi, V., Zwaska, R., Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DUNE, XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Abud A.A., Abi B., Acciarri R., Acero M.A., Adamov G., Adams D., Adinolfi M., Aduszkiewicz A., Ahmad Z., Ahmed J., Alion T., Monsalve S.A., Alrashed M., Alt C., Alton A., Amedo P., Anderson J., Andreopoulos C., Andrews M.P., Andrianala F., Andringa S., Anfimov N., Ankowski A., Antonova M., Antusch S., Aranda-Fernandez A., Ariga A., Arnold L.O., Arroyave M.A., Asaadi J., Aurisano A., Aushev V., Autiero D., Ayala-Torres M., Azfar F., Back A., Back H., Back J.J., Backhouse C., Baesso P., Bagaturia I., Bagby L., Balasubramanian S., Baldi P., Baller B., Bambah B., Barao F., Barenboim G., Barker G.J., Barkhouse W., Barnes C., Barr G., Monarca J.B., Barros N., Barrow J.L., Basharina-Freshville A., Bashyal A., Basque V., Belchior E., Battat J.B.R., Battisti F., Bay F., Alba J.L.B., Beacom J.F., Bechetoille E., Behera B., Bellantoni L., Bellettini G., Bellini V., Beltramello O., Belver D., Benekos N., Neves F.B., Berkman S., Bernardini P., Berner R.M., Berns H., Bertolucci S., Betancourt M., Rodriguez A.B., Bhattacharjee M., Bhuller S., Bhuyan B., Biagi S., Bian J., Biassoni M., Biery K., Bilki B., Bishai M., Bitadze A., Blake A., Blaszczyk F.D.M., Blazey G.C., Blucher E., Boissevain J., Bolognesi S., Bolton T., Bomben L., Bonesini M., Bongrand M., Bonini F., Booth A., Booth C., Bordoni S., Borkum A., Boschi T., Bostan N., Bour P., Bourgeois C., Boyd S.B., Boyden D., Bracinik J., Braga D., Brailsford D., Brandt A., Bremer J., Brew C., Brianne E., Brice S.J., Brizzolari C., Bromberg C., Brooijmans G., Brooke J., Bross A., Brunetti G., Brunetti M., Buchanan N., Budd H., Cagnoli I., Caiulo D., Calafiura P., Calcutt J., Calin M., Calvez S., Calvo E., Caminata A., Campanelli M., Cankocak K., Caratelli D., Carini G., Carlus B., Carniti P., Terrazas I.C., Carranza H., Carroll T., Castano Forero J.F., Castillo A., Castromonte C., Catano-Mur E., Cattadori C., Cavalier F., Cavanna F., Centro S., Cerati G., Cervelli A., Villanueva A.C., Chalifour M., Chappell A., Chardonnet E., Charitonidis N., Chatterjee A., Chattopadhyay S., Chen H., Chen M., Chen Y., Chen Z., Cherdack D., Chi C., Childress S., Chiriacescu A., Chisnall G., Cho K., Choate S., Chokheli D., Choubey S., Christensen A., Christian D., Christodoulou G., Chukanov A., Church E., Cicero V., Clarke P., Coan T.E., Cocco A.G., Coelho J.A.B., Conley E., Conley R., Conrad J.M., Convery M., Copello S., Corwin L., Cremaldi L., Cremonesi L., Crespo-Anadon J.I., Cristaldo E., Cross R., Cudd A., Cuesta C., Cui Y., Cussans D., Dabrowski M., Dalager O., Da Motta H., Da Silva Peres L., David C., David Q., Davies G.S., Davini S., Dawson J., De K., De Almeida R.M., Debbins P., De Bonis I., Decowski M.P., De Gouvea A., De Holanda P.C., De Icaza Astiz I.L., Deisting A., De Jong P., Delbart A., Delepine D., Delgado M., Dell'Acqua A., De Lurgio P., De Mello Neto J.R.T., De Muth D.M., Dennis S., Densham C., Deptuch G.W., De Roeck A., De Romeri V., De Souza G., Dharmapalan R., Diaz F., Diaz J.S., Di Domizio S., Di Giulio L., Ding P., Di Noto L., Distefano C., Diurba R., Diwan M., Djurcic Z., Dokania N., Dolan S., Dolinski M.J., Domine L., Douglas D., Douillet D., Drake G., Drielsma F., Duchesneau D., Duffy K., Dunne P., Durkin T., Duyang H., Dvornikov O., Dwyer D.A., Dyshkant A.S., Eads M., Earle A., Edmunds D., Eisch J., Emberger L., Emery S., Ereditato A., Escobar C.O., Eurin G., Evans J.J., Ewart E., Ezeribe A.C., Fahey K., Falcone A., Farnese C., Farzan Y., Felix J., Carneiro Da Silva M.F., Fernandez-Martinez E., Fernandez Menendez P., Ferraro F., Fields L., Filthaut F., Fiorentini A., Fitzpatrick R.S., Flanagan W., Fleming B., Flight R., Forero D.V., Fowler J., Fox W., Franc J., Francis K., Franco D., Freeman J., Freestone J., Fried J., Friedland A., Fuess S., Furic I., Furmanski A.P., Gabrielli A., Gago A., Gallagher H., Gallas A., Gallego-Ros A., Gallice N., Galymov V., Gamberini E., Gamble T., Gandhi R., Gandrajula R., Gao F., Gao S., Garcia-Gamez D., Garcia-Peris M.A., Gardiner S., Gastler D., Ge G., Gelli B., Gendotti A., Gent S., Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z., Gibin D., Gil-Botella I., Gilligan S., Girerd C., Giri A.K., Gnani D., Gogota O., Gold M., Gollapinni S., Gollwitzer K., Gomes R.A., Gomez Bermeo L.V., Gomez Fajardo L.S., Gonnella F., Gonzalez-Cuevas J.A., Gonzalez-Diaz D., Gonzalez-Lopez M., Goodman M.C., Goodwin O., Goswami S., Gotti C., Goudzovski E., Grace C., Graham M., Gran R., Granados E., Granger P., Grant A., Grant C., Gratieri D., Green P., Greenler L., Greer J., Griffith W.C., Groh M., Grudzinski J., Grzelak K., Gu W., Guarino V., Guenette R., Guerard E., Guerzoni M., Guglielmi A., Guo B., Guthikonda K.K., Gutierrez R., Guzowski P., Guzzo M.M., Gwon S., Habig A., Hadavand H., Haenni R., Hahn A., Haiston J., Hamacher-Baumann P., Hamernik T., Hamilton P., Han J., Harris D.A., Hartnell J., Harton J., Hasegawa T., Hasnip C., Hatcher R., Hatfield K.W., Hatzikoutelis A., Hayes C., Hazen E., Heavey A., Heeger K.M., Heise J., Hennessy K., Henry S., Hernandez Morquecho M.A., Herner K., Hertel L., Hewes J., Higuera A., Hill T., Hillier S.J., Himmel A., Hoff J., Hohl C., Holin A., Hoppe E., Horton-Smith G.A., Hostert M., Hourlier A., Howard B., Howell R., Huang J., Hugon J., Iles G., Ilic N., Iliescu A.M., Illingworth R., Ingratta G., Ioannisian A., Isenhower L., Itay R., Izmaylov A., Jackson S., Jain V., James E., Jargowsky B., Jediny F., Jena D., Jeong Y.S., Jesus-Valls C., Ji X., Jiang L., Jimenez S., Jipa A., Johnson R., Johnston N., Jones B., Jones S.B., Judah M., Jung C.K., Junk T., Jwa Y., Kabirnezhad M., Kaboth A., Kadenko I., Kakorin I., Kamiya F., Kaneshige N., Karagiorgi G., Karaman G., Karcher A., Karolak M., Karyotakis Y., Kasai S., Kasetti S.P., Kashur L., Kazaryan N., Kearns E., Keener P., Kelly K.J., Kemp E., Kemularia O., Ketchum W., Kettell S.H., Khabibullin M., Khotjantsev A., Khvedelidze A., Kim D., King B., Kirby B., Kirby M., Klein J., Koehler K., Koerner L.W., Kohn S., Koller P.P., Kolupaeva L., Kordosky M., Kosc T., Kose U., Kostelecky V.A., Kothekar K., Krennrich F., Kreslo I., Kudenko Y., Kudryavtsev V.A., Kulagin S., Kumar J., Kumar P., Kumar R., Kunze P., Kurita N., Kuruppu C., Kus V., Kutter T., Lambert A., Land B., Lande K., Lane C.E., Lang K., Langford T., Larkin J., Lasorak P., Last D., Lastoria C., Laundrie A., Laurenti G., Lawrence A., Lazanu I., Lazur R., Le T., Leardini S., Learned J., Lebrun P., Lecompte T., Lehmann Miotto G., Lehnert R., Leigui De Oliveira M.A., Leitner M., Li L., Li S.W., Li T., Li Y., Liao H., Lin C.S., Lin Q., Lin S., Lister A., Littlejohn B.R., Liu J., Lockwitz S., Loew T., Lokajicek M., Lomidze I., Long K., Loo K., Lorca D., Lord T., Losecco J.M., Louis W.C., Lu X.-G., Luk K.B., Luo X., Lurkin N., Lux T., Luzio V.P., Macfarlane D., Machado A.A., Machado P., Macias C.T., Macier J.R., Maddalena A., Madera A., Madigan P., Magill S., Mahn K., Maio A., Major A., Maloney J.A., Mandrioli G., Mandujano R.C., Maneira J., Manenti L., Manly S., Mann A., Manolopoulos K., Manrique Plata M., Manyam V.N., Manzanillas L., Marchan M., Marchionni A., Marciano W., Marfatia D., Mariani C., Maricic J., Marie R., Marinho F., Marino A.D., Marsden D., Marshak M., Marshall C.M., Marshall J., Marteau J., Martin-Albo J., Martinez N., Martinez Caicedo D.A., Martynenko S., Mason K., Mastbaum A., Masud M., Matsuno S., Matthews J., Mauger C., Mauri N., Mavrokoridis K., Mawby I., Mazza R., Mazzacane A., Mazzucato E., McAskill T., McCluskey E., McConkey N., McFarland K.S., McGrew C., McNab A., Mefodiev A., Mehta P., Melas P., Mena O., Menary S., Mendez H., Mendez D.P., Menegolli A., Meng G., Messier M.D., Metcalf W., Mettler T., Mewes M., Meyer H., Miao T., Michna G., Miedema T., Migenda J., Mikola V., Milincic R., Miller W., Mills J., Milne C., Mineev O., Miranda O.G., Miryala S., Mishra C.S., Mishra S.R., Mislivec A., Mladenov D., Mocioiu I., Moffat K., Moggi N., Mohanta R., Mohayai T.A., Mokhov N., Molina J., Molina Bueno L., Montanari A., Montanari C., Montanari D., Montagna E., Montano Zetina L.M., Moon J., Mooney M., Moor A.F., Moreno D., Morris C., Mossey C., Motuk E., Moura C.A., Mousseau J., Mu W., Mualem L., Mueller J., Muether M., Mufson S., Muheim F., Muir A., Mulhearn M., Munford D., Muramatsu H., Murphy S., Musser J., Nachtman J., Nagu S., Nalbandyan M., Nandakumar R., Naples D., Narita S., Navas-Nicolas D., Navrer-Agasson A., Nayak N., Nebot-Guinot M., Negishi K., Nelson J.K., Nesbit J., Nessi M., Newbold D., Newcomer M., Newhart D., Newton H., Niccolo M., Nichol R., Nicolas-Arnaldos F., Nicoletta M., Niner E., Nishimura K., Norman A., Norrick A., Northrop R., Novella P., Nowak J.A., Oberling M., Ochoa-Ricoux J.P., Olivares Del Campo A., Olivier A., Olshevskiy A., Onel Y., Onishchuk Y., Ott J., Pagani L., Pakvasa S., Palacio G., Palamara O., Palestini S., Paley J.M., Pallavicini M., Palomares C., Palomino-Gallo J.L., Pantic E., Paolone V., Papadimitriou V., Papaleo R., Papanestis A., Paramesvaran S., Parke S., Parsa Z., Parvu M., Pascoli S., Pasqualini L., Pasternak J., Pater J., Patrick C., Patrizii L., Patterson R.B., Patton S.J., Patzak T., Paudel A., Paulos B., Paulucci L., Pavlovic Z., Pawloski G., Payne D., Pec V., Peeters S.J.M., Pennacchio E., Penzo A., Peres O.L.G., Perry J., Pershey D., Pessina G., Petrillo G., Petta C., Petti R., Piastra F., Pickering L., Pietropaolo F., Plunkett R., Poling R., Pons X., Poonthottathil N., Poppi F., Pordes S., Porter J., Potekhin M., Potenza R., Potukuchi B.V.K.S., Pozimski J., Pozzato M., Prakash S., Prakash T., Prince S., Pugnere D., Qian X., Queiroga Bazetto M.C., Raaf J.L., Radeka V., Rademacker J., Radics B., Rafique A., Raguzin E., Rai M., Rajaoalisoa M., Rakhno I., Rakotonandrasana A., Rakotondravohitra L., Ramachers Y.A., Rameika R., Ramirez Delgado M.A., Ramson B., Rappoldi A., Raselli G., Ratoff P., Raut S., Razakamiandra R.F., Real J.S., Rebel B., Reggiani-Guzzo M., Rehak T., Reichenbacher J., Reitzner S.D., Rejeb Sfar H., Renshaw A., Rescia S., Resnati F., Reynolds A., Riccio C., Riccobene G., Rice L.C.J., Ricol J., Rigamonti A., Rigaut Y., Rivera D., Rochester L., Roda M., Rodrigues P., Rodriguez Alonso M.J., Rodriguez Bonilla E., Rodriguez Rondon J., Rosauro-Alcaraz S., Rosenberg M., Rosier P., Roskovec B., Rossella M., Rout J., Roy P., Roy S., Rubbia A., Rubbia C., Rubio F.C., Russell B., Ruterbories D., Saakyan R., Sacerdoti S., Safford T., Sahay R., Sahu N., Sala P., Samios N., Samoylov O., Sanchez M.C., Sanders D.A., Sankey D., Santana S., Santos-Maldonado M., Saoulidou N., Sapienza P., Sarasty C., Sarcevic I., Savage G., Savinov V., Scaramelli A., Scarff A., Scarpelli A., Schaffer T., Schellman H., Schlabach P., Schmitz D., Scholberg K., Schukraft A., Segreto E., Sensenig J., Seong I., Sergi A., Sgalaberna D., Shaevitz M.H., Shafaq S., Shamma M., Sharankova R., Sharma H.R., Sharma R., Shaw T., Shepherd-Themistocleous C., Shin S., Shooltz D., Shrock R., Simard L., Simon F., Simos N., Sinclair J., Sinev G., Singh J., Singh V., Sipos R., Sippach F.W., Sirri G., Sitraka A., Siyeon K., Skarpaas K., Smith A., Smith E., Smith P., Smolik J., Smy M., Snider E.L., Snopok P., Soares Nunes M., Sobel H., Soderberg M., Solano Salinas C.J., Soldner-Rembold S., Soleti S., Solomey N., Solovov V., Sondheim W.E., Sorel M., Soto-Oton J., Sousa A., Soustruznik K., Spagliardi F., Spanu M., Spitz J., Spooner N.J.C., Spurgeon K., Staley R., Stancari M., Stanco L., Stanley R., Stein R., Steiner H.M., Stewart J., Stillwell B., Stock J., Stocker F., Stokes T., Strait M., Strauss T., Striganov S., Stuart A., Suarez J.G., Sullivan H., Summers D., Surdo A., Susic V., Suter L., Sutera C.M., Svoboda R., Szczerbinska B., Szelc A.M., Talaga R., Tanaka H.A., Oregui B.T., Tapper A., Tariq S., Tatar E., Tayloe R., Teklu A.M., Tenti M., Terao K., Ternes C.A., Terranova F., Testera G., Thea A., Thompson J.L., Thorn C., Timm S.C., Todd J., Tonazzo A., Torbunov D., Torti M., Tortola M., Tortorici F., Totani D., Toups M., Touramanis C., Tosi N., Travaglini R., Trevor J., Trilov S., Trzaska W.H., Tsai Y.T., Tsamalaidze Z., Tsang K.V., Tsverava N., Tufanli S., Tull C., Tyley E., Tzanov M., Uchida M.A., Urheim J., Usher T., Uzunyan S., Vagins M.R., Vahle P., Valdiviesso G.A., Valencia E., Valerio P., Vallari Z., Valle J.W.F., Vallecorsa S., Van Berg R., Van De Water R.G., Varanini F., Vargas D., Varner G., Vasel J., Vasina S., Vasseur G., Vaughan N., Vaziri K., Ventura S., Verdugo A., Vergani S., Vermeulen M.A., Verzocchi M., Vicenzi M., Vieira De Souza H., Vignoli C., Vilela C., Viren B., Vrba T., Wachala T., Waldron A.V., Wallbank M., Wang H., Wang J., Wang L., Wang M.H.L.S., Wang Y., Warburton K., Warner D., Wascko M., Waters D., Watson A., Weatherly P., Weber A., Weber M., Wei H., Weinstein A., Wenman D., Wetstein M., White A., Whitehead L.H., Whittington D., Wilking M.J., Wilkinson C., Williams Z., Wilson F., Wilson R.J., Wolcott J., Wongjirad T., Wood A., Wood K., Worcester E., Worcester M., Wret C., Wu W., Xiao Y., Yandel E., Yang G., Yang K., Yang S., Yang T., Yankelevich A., Yershov N., Yonehara K., Young T., Yu B., Yu H., Yu J., Yuan W., Zaki R., Zalesak J., Zambelli L., Zamorano B., Zani A., Zazueta L., Zeit G., Zeller G.P., Zennamo J., Zeug K., Zhang C., Zhao M., Zhivun E., Zhu G., Zilberman P., Zimmerman E.D., Zito M., Zucchelli S., Zuklin J., Zutshi V., Zwaska R., Zeller, Geralyn, Collaboration, DUNE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abud, A, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, M, Adamov, G, Adams, D, Adinolfi, M, Aduszkiewicz, A, Ahmad, Z, Ahmed, J, Alion, T, Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alt, C, Alton, A, Amedo, P, Anderson, J, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrianala, F, Andringa, S, Anfimov, N, Ankowski, A, Antonova, M, Antusch, S, Aranda-Fernandez, A, Ariga, A, Arnold, L, Arroyave, M, Asaadi, J, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Ayala-Torres, M, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, J, Backhouse, C, Baesso, P, Bagaturia, I, Bagby, L, Balasubramanian, S, Baldi, P, Baller, B, Bambah, B, Barao, F, Barenboim, G, Barker, G, Barkhouse, W, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Monarca, J, Barros, N, Barrow, J, Basharina-Freshville, A, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Belchior, E, Battat, J, Battisti, F, Bay, F, Alba, J, Beacom, J, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Belver, D, Benekos, N, Neves, F, Berkman, S, Bernardini, P, Berner, R, Berns, H, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Rodriguez, A, Bhattacharjee, M, Bhuller, S, Bhuyan, B, Biagi, S, Bian, J, Biassoni, M, Biery, K, Bilki, B, Bishai, M, Bitadze, A, Blake, A, Blaszczyk, F, Blazey, G, Blucher, E, Boissevain, J, Bolognesi, S, Bolton, T, Bomben, L, Bonesini, M, Bongrand, M, Bonini, F, Booth, A, Booth, C, Bordoni, S, Borkum, A, Boschi, T, Bostan, N, Bour, P, Bourgeois, C, Boyd, S, Boyden, D, Bracinik, J, Braga, D, Brailsford, D, Brandt, A, Bremer, J, Brew, C, Brianne, E, Brice, S, Brizzolari, C, Bromberg, C, Brooijmans, G, Brooke, J, Bross, A, Brunetti, G, Brunetti, M, Buchanan, N, Budd, H, Cagnoli, I, Caiulo, D, Calafiura, P, Calcutt, J, Calin, M, Calvez, S, Calvo, E, Caminata, A, Campanelli, M, Cankocak, K, Caratelli, D, Carini, G, Carlus, B, Carniti, P, Terrazas, I, Carranza, H, Carroll, T, Castano Forero, J, Castillo, A, Castromonte, C, Catano-Mur, E, Cattadori, C, Cavalier, F, Cavanna, F, Centro, S, Cerati, G, Cervelli, A, Villanueva, A, Chalifour, M, Chappell, A, Chardonnet, E, Charitonidis, N, Chatterjee, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Cherdack, D, Chi, C, Childress, S, Chiriacescu, A, Chisnall, G, Cho, K, Choate, S, Chokheli, D, Choubey, S, Christensen, A, Christian, D, Christodoulou, G, Chukanov, A, Church, E, Cicero, V, Clarke, P, Coan, T, Cocco, A, Coelho, J, Conley, E, Conley, R, Conrad, J, Convery, M, Copello, S, Corwin, L, Cremaldi, L, Cremonesi, L, Crespo-Anadon, J, Cristaldo, E, Cross, R, Cudd, A, Cuesta, C, Cui, Y, Cussans, D, Dabrowski, M, Dalager, O, Da Motta, H, Da Silva Peres, L, David, C, David, Q, Davies, G, Davini, S, Dawson, J, De, K, De Almeida, R, Debbins, P, De Bonis, I, Decowski, M, De Gouvea, A, De Holanda, P, De Icaza Astiz, I, Deisting, A, De Jong, P, Delbart, A, Delepine, D, Delgado, M, Dell'Acqua, A, De Lurgio, P, De Mello Neto, J, De Muth, D, Dennis, S, Densham, C, Deptuch, G, De Roeck, A, De Romeri, V, De Souza, G, Dharmapalan, R, Diaz, F, Diaz, J, Di Domizio, S, Di Giulio, L, Ding, P, Di Noto, L, Distefano, C, Diurba, R, Diwan, M, Djurcic, Z, Dokania, N, Dolan, S, Dolinski, M, Domine, L, Douglas, D, Douillet, D, Drake, G, Drielsma, F, Duchesneau, D, Duffy, K, Dunne, P, Durkin, T, Duyang, H, Dvornikov, O, Dwyer, D, Dyshkant, A, Eads, M, Earle, A, Edmunds, D, Eisch, J, Emberger, L, Emery, S, Ereditato, A, Escobar, C, Eurin, G, Evans, J, Ewart, E, Ezeribe, A, Fahey, K, Falcone, A, Farnese, C, Farzan, Y, Felix, J, Carneiro Da Silva, M, Fernandez-Martinez, E, Fernandez Menendez, P, Ferraro, F, Fields, L, Filthaut, F, Fiorentini, A, Fitzpatrick, R, Flanagan, W, Fleming, B, Flight, R, Forero, D, Fowler, J, Fox, W, Franc, J, Francis, K, Franco, D, Freeman, J, Freestone, J, Fried, J, Friedland, A, Fuess, S, Furic, I, Furmanski, A, Gabrielli, A, Gago, A, Gallagher, H, Gallas, A, Gallego-Ros, A, Gallice, N, Galymov, V, Gamberini, E, Gamble, T, Gandhi, R, Gandrajula, R, Gao, F, Gao, S, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garcia-Peris, M, Gardiner, S, Gastler, D, Ge, G, Gelli, B, Gendotti, A, Gent, S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z, Gibin, D, Gil-Botella, I, Gilligan, S, Girerd, C, Giri, A, Gnani, D, Gogota, O, Gold, M, Gollapinni, S, Gollwitzer, K, Gomes, R, Gomez Bermeo, L, Gomez Fajardo, L, Gonnella, F, Gonzalez-Cuevas, J, Gonzalez-Diaz, D, Gonzalez-Lopez, M, Goodman, M, Goodwin, O, Goswami, S, Gotti, C, Goudzovski, E, Grace, C, Graham, M, Gran, R, Granados, E, Granger, P, Grant, A, Grant, C, Gratieri, D, Green, P, Greenler, L, Greer, J, Griffith, W, Groh, M, Grudzinski, J, Grzelak, K, Gu, W, Guarino, V, Guenette, R, Guerard, E, Guerzoni, M, Guglielmi, A, Guo, B, Guthikonda, K, Gutierrez, R, Guzowski, P, Guzzo, M, Gwon, S, Habig, A, Hadavand, H, Haenni, R, Hahn, A, Haiston, J, Hamacher-Baumann, P, Hamernik, T, Hamilton, P, Han, J, Harris, D, Hartnell, J, Harton, J, Hasegawa, T, Hasnip, C, Hatcher, R, Hatfield, K, Hatzikoutelis, A, Hayes, C, Hazen, E, Heavey, A, Heeger, K, Heise, J, Hennessy, K, Henry, S, Hernandez Morquecho, M, Herner, K, Hertel, L, Hewes, J, Higuera, A, Hill, T, Hillier, S, Himmel, A, Hoff, J, Hohl, C, Holin, A, Hoppe, E, Horton-Smith, G, Hostert, M, Hourlier, A, Howard, B, Howell, R, Huang, J, Hugon, J, Iles, G, Ilic, N, Iliescu, A, Illingworth, R, Ingratta, G, Ioannisian, A, Isenhower, L, Itay, R, Izmaylov, A, Jackson, S, Jain, V, James, E, Jargowsky, B, Jediny, F, Jena, D, Jeong, Y, Jesus-Valls, C, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Jimenez, S, Jipa, A, Johnson, R, Johnston, N, Jones, B, Jones, S, Judah, M, Jung, C, Junk, T, Jwa, Y, Kabirnezhad, M, Kaboth, A, Kadenko, I, Kakorin, I, Kamiya, F, Kaneshige, N, Karagiorgi, G, Karaman, G, Karcher, A, Karolak, M, Karyotakis, Y, Kasai, S, Kasetti, S, Kashur, L, Kazaryan, N, Kearns, E, Keener, P, Kelly, K, Kemp, E, Kemularia, O, Ketchum, W, Kettell, S, Khabibullin, M, Khotjantsev, A, Khvedelidze, A, Kim, D, King, B, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Klein, J, Koehler, K, Koerner, L, Kohn, S, Koller, P, Kolupaeva, L, Kordosky, M, Kosc, T, Kose, U, Kostelecky, V, Kothekar, K, Krennrich, F, Kreslo, I, Kudenko, Y, Kudryavtsev, V, Kulagin, S, Kumar, J, Kumar, P, Kumar, R, Kunze, P, Kurita, N, Kuruppu, C, Kus, V, Kutter, T, Lambert, A, Land, B, Lande, K, Lane, C, Lang, K, Langford, T, Larkin, J, Lasorak, P, Last, D, Lastoria, C, Laundrie, A, Laurenti, G, Lawrence, A, Lazanu, I, Lazur, R, Le, T, Leardini, S, Learned, J, Lebrun, P, Lecompte, T, Lehmann Miotto, G, Lehnert, R, Leigui De Oliveira, M, Leitner, M, Li, L, Li, S, Li, T, Li, Y, Liao, H, Lin, C, Lin, Q, Lin, S, Lister, A, Littlejohn, B, Liu, J, Lockwitz, S, Loew, T, Lokajicek, M, Lomidze, I, Long, K, Loo, K, Lorca, D, Lord, T, Losecco, J, Louis, W, Lu, X, Luk, K, Luo, X, Lurkin, N, Lux, T, Luzio, V, Macfarlane, D, Machado, A, Machado, P, Macias, C, Macier, J, Maddalena, A, Madera, A, Madigan, P, Magill, S, Mahn, K, Maio, A, Major, A, Maloney, J, Mandrioli, G, Mandujano, R, Maneira, J, Manenti, L, Manly, S, Mann, A, Manolopoulos, K, Manrique Plata, M, Manyam, V, Manzanillas, L, Marchan, M, Marchionni, A, Marciano, W, Marfatia, D, Mariani, C, Maricic, J, Marie, R, Marinho, F, Marino, A, Marsden, D, Marshak, M, Marshall, C, Marshall, J, Marteau, J, Martin-Albo, J, Martinez, N, Martinez Caicedo, D, Martynenko, S, Mason, K, Mastbaum, A, Masud, M, Matsuno, S, Matthews, J, Mauger, C, Mauri, N, Mavrokoridis, K, Mawby, I, Mazza, R, Mazzacane, A, Mazzucato, E, Mcaskill, T, Mccluskey, E, Mcconkey, N, Mcfarland, K, Mcgrew, C, Mcnab, A, Mefodiev, A, Mehta, P, Melas, P, Mena, O, Menary, S, Mendez, H, Mendez, D, Menegolli, A, Meng, G, Messier, M, Metcalf, W, Mettler, T, Mewes, M, Meyer, H, Miao, T, Michna, G, Miedema, T, Migenda, J, Mikola, V, Milincic, R, Miller, W, Mills, J, Milne, C, Mineev, O, Miranda, O, Miryala, S, Mishra, C, Mishra, S, Mislivec, A, Mladenov, D, Mocioiu, I, Moffat, K, Moggi, N, Mohanta, R, Mohayai, T, Mokhov, N, Molina, J, Molina Bueno, L, Montanari, A, Montanari, C, Montanari, D, Montagna, E, Montano Zetina, L, Moon, J, Mooney, M, Moor, A, Moreno, D, Morris, C, Mossey, C, Motuk, E, Moura, C, Mousseau, J, Mu, W, Mualem, L, Mueller, J, Muether, M, Mufson, S, Muheim, F, Muir, A, Mulhearn, M, Munford, D, Muramatsu, H, Murphy, S, Musser, J, Nachtman, J, Nagu, S, Nalbandyan, M, Nandakumar, R, Naples, D, Narita, S, Navas-Nicolas, D, Navrer-Agasson, A, Nayak, N, Nebot-Guinot, M, Negishi, K, Nelson, J, Nesbit, J, Nessi, M, Newbold, D, Newcomer, M, Newhart, D, Newton, H, Niccolo, M, Nichol, R, Nicolas-Arnaldos, F, Nicoletta, M, Niner, E, Nishimura, K, Norman, A, Norrick, A, Northrop, R, Novella, P, Nowak, J, Oberling, M, Ochoa-Ricoux, J, Olivares Del Campo, A, Olivier, A, Olshevskiy, A, Onel, Y, Onishchuk, Y, Ott, J, Pagani, L, Pakvasa, S, Palacio, G, Palamara, O, Palestini, S, Paley, J, Pallavicini, M, Palomares, C, Palomino-Gallo, J, Pantic, E, Paolone, V, Papadimitriou, V, Papaleo, R, Papanestis, A, Paramesvaran, S, Parke, S, Parsa, Z, Parvu, M, Pascoli, S, Pasqualini, L, Pasternak, J, Pater, J, Patrick, C, Patrizii, L, Patterson, R, Patton, S, Patzak, T, Paudel, A, Paulos, B, Paulucci, L, Pavlovic, Z, Pawloski, G, Payne, D, Pec, V, Peeters, S, Pennacchio, E, Penzo, A, Peres, O, Perry, J, Pershey, D, Pessina, G, Petrillo, G, Petta, C, Petti, R, Piastra, F, Pickering, L, Pietropaolo, F, Plunkett, R, Poling, R, Pons, X, Poonthottathil, N, Poppi, F, Pordes, S, Porter, J, Potekhin, M, Potenza, R, Potukuchi, B, Pozimski, J, Pozzato, M, Prakash, S, Prakash, T, Prince, S, Pugnere, D, Qian, X, Queiroga Bazetto, M, Raaf, J, Radeka, V, Rademacker, J, Radics, B, Rafique, A, Raguzin, E, Rai, M, Rajaoalisoa, M, Rakhno, I, Rakotonandrasana, A, Rakotondravohitra, L, Ramachers, Y, Rameika, R, Ramirez Delgado, M, Ramson, B, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, G, Ratoff, P, Raut, S, Razakamiandra, R, Real, J, Rebel, B, Reggiani-Guzzo, M, Rehak, T, Reichenbacher, J, Reitzner, S, Rejeb Sfar, H, Renshaw, A, Rescia, S, Resnati, F, Reynolds, A, Riccio, C, Riccobene, G, Rice, L, Ricol, J, Rigamonti, A, Rigaut, Y, Rivera, D, Rochester, L, Roda, M, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez Alonso, M, Rodriguez Bonilla, E, Rodriguez Rondon, J, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S, Rosenberg, M, Rosier, P, Roskovec, B, Rossella, M, Rout, J, Roy, P, Roy, S, Rubbia, A, Rubbia, C, Rubio, F, Russell, B, Ruterbories, D, Saakyan, R, Sacerdoti, S, Safford, T, Sahay, R, Sahu, N, Sala, P, Samios, N, Samoylov, O, Sanchez, M, Sanders, D, Sankey, D, Santana, S, Santos-Maldonado, M, Saoulidou, N, Sapienza, P, Sarasty, C, Sarcevic, I, Savage, G, Savinov, V, Scaramelli, A, Scarff, A, Scarpelli, A, Schaffer, T, Schellman, H, Schlabach, P, Schmitz, D, Scholberg, K, Schukraft, A, Segreto, E, Sensenig, J, Seong, I, Sergi, A, Sgalaberna, D, Shaevitz, M, Shafaq, S, Shamma, M, Sharankova, R, Sharma, H, Sharma, R, Shaw, T, Shepherd-Themistocleous, C, Shin, S, Shooltz, D, Shrock, R, Simard, L, Simon, F, Simos, N, Sinclair, J, Sinev, G, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sipos, R, Sippach, F, Sirri, G, Sitraka, A, Siyeon, K, Skarpaas, K, Smith, A, Smith, E, Smith, P, Smolik, J, Smy, M, Snider, E, Snopok, P, Soares Nunes, M, Sobel, H, Soderberg, M, Solano Salinas, C, Soldner-Rembold, S, Soleti, S, Solomey, N, Solovov, V, Sondheim, W, Sorel, M, Soto-Oton, J, Sousa, A, Soustruznik, K, Spagliardi, F, Spanu, M, Spitz, J, Spooner, N, Spurgeon, K, Staley, R, Stancari, M, Stanco, L, Stanley, R, Stein, R, Steiner, H, Stewart, J, Stillwell, B, Stock, J, Stocker, F, Stokes, T, Strait, M, Strauss, T, Striganov, S, Stuart, A, Suarez, J, Sullivan, H, Summers, D, Surdo, A, Susic, V, Suter, L, Sutera, C, Svoboda, R, Szczerbinska, B, Szelc, A, Talaga, R, Tanaka, H, Oregui, B, Tapper, A, Tariq, S, Tatar, E, Tayloe, R, Teklu, A, Tenti, M, Terao, K, Ternes, C, Terranova, F, Testera, G, Thea, A, Thompson, J, Thorn, C, Timm, S, Todd, J, Tonazzo, A, Torbunov, D, Torti, M, Tortola, M, Tortorici, F, Totani, D, Toups, M, Touramanis, C, Tosi, N, Travaglini, R, Trevor, J, Trilov, S, Trzaska, W, Tsai, Y, Tsamalaidze, Z, Tsang, K, Tsverava, N, Tufanli, S, Tull, C, Tyley, E, Tzanov, M, Uchida, M, Urheim, J, Usher, T, Uzunyan, S, Vagins, M, Vahle, P, Valdiviesso, G, Valencia, E, Valerio, P, Vallari, Z, Valle, J, Vallecorsa, S, Van Berg, R, Van De Water, R, Varanini, F, Vargas, D, Varner, G, Vasel, J, Vasina, S, Vasseur, G, Vaughan, N, Vaziri, K, Ventura, S, Verdugo, A, Vergani, S, Vermeulen, M, Verzocchi, M, Vicenzi, M, Vieira De Souza, H, Vignoli, C, Vilela, C, Viren, B, Vrba, T, Wachala, T, Waldron, A, Wallbank, M, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, L, Wang, M, Wang, Y, Warburton, K, Warner, D, Wascko, M, Waters, D, Watson, A, Weatherly, P, Weber, A, Weber, M, Wei, H, Weinstein, A, Wenman, D, Wetstein, M, White, A, Whitehead, L, Whittington, D, Wilking, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, Z, Wilson, F, Wilson, R, Wolcott, J, Wongjirad, T, Wood, A, Wood, K, Worcester, E, Worcester, M, Wret, C, Wu, W, Xiao, Y, Yandel, E, Yang, G, Yang, K, Yang, S, Yang, T, Yankelevich, A, Yershov, N, Yonehara, K, Young, T, Yu, B, Yu, H, Yu, J, Yuan, W, Zaki, R, Zalesak, J, Zambelli, L, Zamorano, B, Zani, A, Zazueta, L, Zeit, G, Zeller, G, Zennamo, J, Zeug, K, Zhang, C, Zhao, M, Zhivun, E, Zhu, G, Zilberman, P, Zimmerman, E, Zito, M, Zucchelli, S, Zuklin, J, Zutshi, V, Zwaska, R, and The DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, far detector, QC770-798, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, design [detector], Near detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, Conceptual design, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], antimatter, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, QC, media_common, QB, Physics, new physics, Neutrino oscillations, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), oscillation, Antimatter, beam, Neutrino, Particle Physics - Experiment, performance, Neutrino oscillation, 530 Physics, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, DUNE, media_common.quotation_subject, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, interaction, near detector, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, detector: design, activity report, neutrino oscillations, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Astronomy, Universe, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

FERMILAB-PUB-21-067-E-LBNF-PPD-SCD-T This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación “La Caixa”, MICINN, GVA, Xunta de Galicia and AEI, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231., This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación “La Caixa”, MICINN, GVA, Xunta de Galicia and AEI, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America., The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents., Fermi Research Alliance, LLC DE-AC02-07CH11359, H2020-EU, TÜBİTAK, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Atlanta, CERN, UK Research and Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Royal Society, European Commission, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Generalitat Valenciana, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, National Research Foundation of Korea, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, European Regional Development Fund, Xunta de Galicia, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I Introduction to DUNE

Author

Abi, Babak, Acciarri, Roberto, Acero, Mario, Adamov, Giorge, Adams, David, Adinolfi, Marco, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Alonso Monsalve, Saul, Alt, Christoph, Anderson, John, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Michael P, Andriamirado, Manoa, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Andringa, Sofia, Ankowski, Artur, Anthony, Jack, Antoniu, Iliescu, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Aranda Fernandez, Alfredo, Ariga, Akitaka, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Aurisano, Adam, Aushev, Vladimir, Autiero, Dario, Azfar, Farrukh, Back, Ashley, Back, Henning, Back, John, Backhouse, Chris, Baesso, Paolo, Bagby, Linda, Bajou, Raphael, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, Fernando, Barenboim, Gabriela, Barker, Gary J, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, Nuno, Barrow, Joshua, Bashyal, Amit, Basque, Vincent, Bay, Fatih, Bazo Alba, J.L., Beacom, John, Bechetoille, Edouard, Behera, Biswaranjan, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beltramello, Olga, Belver, D., Benekos, Nektarios, Bento Neves, Francisco, Berger, Joshua, Berkman, Sophie, Bernardini, Paolo, Berner, Roman, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bertolucci, Sergio, Betancourt, Minerba, Bezawada, Y., Bhattacharjee, maharnab, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biagi, Simone, Bian, Jianming, Biassoni, Matteo, Biery, Kurt, Bilki, Burak, Bishai, Mary, Bitadze, Alexander, Blake, Andrew, Blanco Siffert, Beatriz, Blaszczyk, Flor de Maria, Blazey, Gerald C, Blucher, Edward, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bonini, Filiberto, Booth, Alexander, Booth, Chris, Bordoni, Stefania, Borkum, Aran, Boschi, Tommaso, Bostan, Nilay, Bour, Petr, Boyd, Steve B, Boyden, Daniel, Bracinik, Juraj, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, Bremer, Johan, Brew, Chris, Brianne, Eldwan, Brice, Stephen, Brizzolari, Claudia, Bromberg, Carl, Brooijmans, Gustaaf, Brooke, Jim, Bross, Alan, Brunetti, Giulia, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Caiulo, Davide, Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Calvo, Enrique, Camilleri, Leslie, Caminata, Alessio, Campanelli, Mario, Caratelli, David, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Carniti, Paolo, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Castillo, Andrés, Castromonte, Cesar, Cattadori, Carla, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Cerati, Giuseppe, Cervelli, Alberto, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chang, C., Chardonnet, Etienne, Chatterjee, Animesh, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Chaves, Jorge, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Mu-Chun, Chen, Yifan, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Cho, Kihyeon, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, Christian, David, Christodoulou, Georgios, Church, Eric, Clarke, Peter, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Conley, Erin, Conrad, Janet M, Convery, Mark, Corwin, Luke, Cotte, Philippe, Cremaldi, Lucien, Cremonesi, Linda, Crespo-Anadón, Jose I, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Cuesta, Clara, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Da Motta, Helio, Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Quentin, Davies, Gavin, Davini, Stefano, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, de Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, De Bonis, Isabelle, Decowski, M Patrick, de Gouvea, Andre, de Holanda, Pedro, de Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, De Jong, Paul, Delbart, Alain, Delepine, David, Delgado, Maritza, Dell'Acqua, Andrea, De Lurgio, Patrick, Ewart, Kevin, Grant, Nick, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Hewes, Jeremy, Huang, Junting, Huang, Junying, Leigui de Oliveira, M A, Li, Shaorui, Li, Shirley W, Ramirez Delgado, Manuel Alejandro, Singh, Jaydip, Singh, Jyotsna, Smith, Adryanna, Smith, Andrew, Todd, Jacob, Torres de Mello Neto, Joao, DeMuth, David, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Gregor Recalde, Derlis, De Roeck, Albert, De Romeri, Valentina, Jan De Vries, Joris, Dharmapalan, Ranjan, Diaz, Felix, Diaz, Jorge S, Di Domizio, Sergio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Ding, Pengfei, Di Noto, Lea, Distefano, Carla, Diurba, Richard, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Dolinski, Michelle J, Domine, Laura, Douglas, Daniel, Drielsma, Francois, Duchesneau, Dominique, Duffy, Kirsty, Dunne, Patrick, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Dvornikov, Olexiy, Dwyer, Daniel A, Dyshkant, Alexandre S, Eads, Michael, Edmunds, Daniel, Eisch, Jonathan, Emery, Sandrine, Ereditato, Antonio, Escobar, Carlos O, Escudero Sanchez, Lorena, Evans, Justin, Ewart, E., Ezeribe, Anthony, Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Farzan, Yasaman, Felix, Julian, Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique, Fernandez Menendez, Pablo, Ferraro, Federico, Fields, Laura, Filkins, A., Filthaut, Frank, Fitzpatrick, Rory, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Franc, Jiri, Francis, Kurt, Franco, Domenico, Freeman, John, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Furic, Ivan, Furmanski, Andrew, Gago, A., Gallagher, Hugh, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Gamberini, Enrico, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Gandrajula, Reddy, Gao, Shanshan, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Zahra, Gibin, Daniele, Gil-Botella, Ines, Girerd, Claude, Giri, Anjan Kumar, Gnani, D., Gogota, Olga, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Gomes, Ricardo, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Gomez Fajardo, Luz, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Goodman, Maury, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gramellini, E., Gran, Rik, Granados, Everardo, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Green, Steven, Greenler, Leland, Greenwood, M., Greer, Joel, Griffith, Clark, Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K K, Gutierrez, Rafael, Guzowski, Pawel, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, Alec, Hackenburg, A., Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Jennifer, Haiston, James, Hamernik, Thomas, Hamilton, Philip, Han, Jiyeon, Harder, Kristian, Harris, Debbie, Hartnell, Jeffrey, Hasegawa, Takyua, Hatcher, Robert, Hazen, Eric, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Herner, Kenneth, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, V., Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Hill, Tony, Hillier, Stephen, Himmel, Alexander, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, Eric, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Hostert, Matheus, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Illingworth, Robert, Ioannisian, Ara, Itay, Ran, Izmaylov, Alexander, James, Eric, Jargowsky, B., Jediny, Filip, Jesús-Valls, César, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, L., Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Johnson, Connor, Johnson, Randy, Jones, Benjamin, Jones, Sebastian, Jung, Chang Kee, Junk, Thomas, Jwa, Yeon-jae, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, I, Kamiya, Felipe, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Karcher, A., Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Kazaryan, Narine, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kelly, Kevin, Kemp, Ernesto, Ketchum, Wes, Kettell, Steve H, Khabibullin, Marat, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, D., King, Bonnie, Kirby, Brian, Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koehler, Kevin, Koerner, Lisa, Kohn, Sam, Koller, Patrick, Kordosky, Mike, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V Alan, Kothekar, Kunal, Krennrich, Frank, Kreslo, Igor, Kudenko, Yury, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, Kulagin, Sergey, Kumar, Jason, KUMAR, Rajeev, Kuruppu, Chatura, Kus, Vaclav, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, A., Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Langford, Thomas, Lasorak, Pierre, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Lawrence, A., Lazanu, Ionel, LaZur, Ryan, Le, Trung, Learned, John, LeBrun, Patrice, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Lehnert, Ralf, Leitner, M., Leyton, Michael, Li, Lingge, Li, Teng, Li, Yichen, Liao, Heng-Ye, Lin, Cheng-Ju Stephen, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, J., Lockwitz, Sarah, Loew, Timothy, Lokajicek, Milos, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, Lorca, David, Lord, Tom, LoSecco, John M, Louis, William, Luk, Kam-Biu, Luo, Xiao, Lurkin, Nicolas, Lux, Thorsten, Luzio, Vitor Prestes, MacFarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Machado, Pedro, Macias, Christopher Thomas, Macier, Jolie R, Maddalena, Antonello, Madigan, Peter, Magill, Steve, Mahn, Kendall, Maio, Amélia, Maloney, James, Mandrioli, Gianni, Maneira, José, Manenti, Laura, Manly, Steve, Mann, Anthony, Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marinho, Franciole, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, Chris, Marshall, John, Marteau, Jacques, Martin-Albo, Justo, Martinez, Norman, Martinez Caicedo, David, Martynenko, Sergey, Mason, Katie, Mastbaum, Andrew, Masud, Mehedi, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, James, Mauger, Christopher, Mauri, Nicoletta, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mazza, Roberto, Mazzacane, Anna, Mazzucato, Edoardo, McCluskey, Elaine, McConkey, Nicola, McFarland, Kevin, McGrew, Clark, McNab, Andrew, Mefodiev, Alexander, Mehta, Poonam, Melas, Pantelis, Mellinato, Michele, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendes Santos, Lucas, Mendez, Hector, Menegolli, A, Meng, Guang, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Mewes, Matthew, Meyer, Holger, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Migenda, Jost, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Joshua, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Miranda, Omar, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C Shekhar, Mishra, Sanjib R, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Moffat, Kristian, Moggi, Niccolo, Mohanta, Rukmani, Mohayai, Tanaz, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Montanari, Alessandro, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Moreno, Deywis, Morgan, Ben, Morris, Casandra, Mossey, Chris, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Célio, Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Muether, Mathew, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Narita, Shinya, Navas-Nicolas, D., Nayak, Nitish, Nebot-Guinot, Miquel, Necib, Lina, Negishi, Kentaro, Nelson, Jeff, Nesbit, Jake, Nessi, Marzio, Newbold, David, Newcomer, Mitch, Newhart, Duane, Nichol, Ryan, Niner, Evan, Nishimura, Kurtis, Norman, Andrew, Northrop, Rich, Novella, Pau, Nowak, Jaroslaw, Oberling, Michael, Olivares Del Campo, Andres, Olivier, Andrew, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Pagani, Luca, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Palestini, Sandro, Paley, Jonathan, Pallavicini, Marco, Palomares, Carmen, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Papaleo, Riccardo, Papanestis, Antonis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Parke, Stephen, Parsa, Zohreh, Parvu, Mihaela, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Patrick, Cheryl, Patrizii, Laura, Patterson, Ryan, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Paulucci, Laura, Pavlovic, Zarko, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Pec, Viktor, Peeters, Simon, Penichot, Yves, Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Peres, Orlando, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Pessina, Gianluigi, Petrillo, Gianluca, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Pillow, James, Plunkett, Robert, Poling, Ronald, Pons, Xavier, Poonthottathil, Navaneeth, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B.V.K.S., Pozimski, Juergen, Pozzato, Michele, Prakash, Suprabh, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qi, K., Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L, Raboanary, R., Radeka, Veljko, Rademacker, Jonas, Radics, Balint, Rafique, Aleena, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotondramanana, H.T., Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Ramachers, Yorck A, Rameika, Regina, Ramson, Bryan, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Ratoff, Peter, Ravat, Sylvain, Razafinime, H., Real, Jean-Sebastien, Rebel, Brian, Redondo, David, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rehak, Tyler, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S, Renshaw, Andrew, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, Logan, Rielage, Keith, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Roda, Marco, Rodrigues, Philip, Rodriguez Alonso, Manual Jesus, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Roeth, Alison J, Rogers, Hannah, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Rossella, M, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Russell, Brooke, Russell, James, Ruterbories, Daniel, Saakyan, Ruben, Sacerdoti, Sabrina, Safford, Twymun, Sahu, Narendra, Sala, Paola, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Sanders, David, Sankey, David, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Sapienza, Piera, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Scarff, Andrew, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Schellman, Heidi, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David, Scholberg, Kate, Schukraft, Anne, Segreto, Ettore, Sensenig, Jon, Seong, Ilsoo, Sergi, Antonino, Sergiampietri, F., Sgalaberna, Davide, Shaevitz, Michael H, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, M., Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shin, Seodong, Shooltz, Dean, Shrock, Robert, Simard, Laurent, Simos, Nikolaos, Sinclair, James, Sinev, Gleb, Sipos, Roland, Sippach, F W, Sirri, Gabriele, Sitraka, Andriaseta, Siyeon, Kim, Smargianaki, D., Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Snopok, Pavel, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Solano Salinas, Carlos, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Solomey, Nicholas, Solovov, Vladimir, Sondheim, Walter, Sorel, Michel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Sousa, Alexandre, Soustruznik, Karel, Spagliardi, Fabio, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, Neil JC, Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Stanco, Luca, Steiner, Herbert M, Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Stock, Jason, Stocker, Francesca, Stokes, Tyler, Strait, Matthew, Strauss, Thomas, Striganov, Sergei, Stuart, Alexander, Summers, Don, Surdo, Antonio, Susic, Vasja, Suter, Louise, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Talaga, Richard, Tanaka, Hirohisa, Tapia Oregui, Beatriz, Tapper, Alexander, Tariq, Salman, Tatar, E., Tayloe, Rex, Teklu, Abraham Meles, Tenti, Matteo, Terao, Kazuhiro, Ternes, Christoph, Terranova, Francesco, Testera, Gemma, Thea, Alessandro, Thompson, Joshua, Thorn, Craig, Timm, Steven C, Tonazzo, Alessandra, Torti, Marta, Tortola, Mariam, Tortorici, Francesco, Totani, Dante, Toups, Matthew, Touramanis, Christos, Trevor, Jason, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Usher, Tracy, Vagins, Mark R, Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Valencia, E., Vallari, Zoya, Valle, Jose, Vallecorsa, Sofia, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Vanegas Forero, David, Varanini, Filippo, Vargas, Danaisis, Varner, Gary, Vasel, Justin, Vasseur, Georges, Vaziri, Kamran, Ventura, Sandro, Verdugo, Antonio, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vieira de Souza, Henrique, Vignoli, Chiara, Vilela, Cristovao, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Wallbank, Michael, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wascko, Morgan, Waters, David, Watson, Alan, Weatherly, Pierce, Weber, Alfons, Weber, Michele, Wei, Hanyu, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, Yang, Shaokai, Zeller, Geralyn (Sam), While, M.R., White, Andy, Whitehead, Leigh, Whittington, Denver, Wilking, Michael, Wilkinson, Callum, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Fergus, Wilson, Robert, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Kevin, Wood, Lynn, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Wret, Clarence, Wu, Wanwei, Xiao, Y., Yang, Guang, Yang, Tingjun, Yershov, Nikolai, Yonehara, Katsuya, Young, Tim, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zambelli, Laura, Zamorano, Bruno, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeller, G.P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Zhang, Chao, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Zhu, Guanying, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Zucchelli, Stefano, Zuklin, Josef, Zutshi, Vishnu, Zwaska, Robert, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DUNE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
detector: technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, far detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), time projection chamber: liquid argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino: deep underground detector, near detector, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, data management, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Particle Physics - Experiment, activity report, detector: design
Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology., Comment: Minor corrections made for JINST submission; 244 pages, 114 figures

Published
2020

32. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume III: DUNE Far Detector Technical Coordination

Author

Abi, Babak, Acciarri, Roberto, Acero, Mario, Adamov, Giorge, Adams, David, Adinolfi, Marco, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Alonso Monsalve, Saul, Alt, Christoph, Anderson, John, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Michael P, Andriamirado, Manoa, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Andringa, Sofia, Ankowski, Artur, Anthony, Jack, Antoniu, Iliescu, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Aranda Fernandez, Alfredo, Ariga, Akitaka, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Aurisano, Adam, Aushev, Vladimir, Autiero, Dario, Azfar, Farrukh, Back, Ashley, Back, Henning, Back, John, Backhouse, Chris, Baesso, Paolo, Bagby, Linda, Bajou, Raphael, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, Fernando, Barenboim, Gabriela, Barker, Gary J, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, Nuno, Barrow, Joshua, Bashyal, Amit, Basque, Vincent, Bay, Fatih, Bazo Alba, J.L., Beacom, John, Bechetoille, Edouard, Behera, Biswaranjan, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beltramello, Olga, Belver, D., Benekos, Nektarios, Bento Neves, Francisco, Berger, Joshua, Berkman, Sophie, Bernardini, Paolo, Berner, Roman, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bertolucci, Sergio, Betancourt, Minerba, Bezawada, Y., Bhattacharjee, maharnab, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biagi, Simone, Bian, Jianming, Biassoni, Matteo, Biery, Kurt, Bilki, Burak, Bishai, Mary, Bitadze, Alexander, Blake, Andrew, Blanco Siffert, Beatriz, Blaszczyk, Flor de Maria, Blazey, Gerald C, Blucher, Edward, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bonini, Filiberto, Booth, Alexander, Booth, Chris, Bordoni, Stefania, Borkum, Aran, Boschi, Tommaso, Bostan, Nilay, Bour, Petr, Boyd, Steve B, Boyden, Daniel, Bracinik, Juraj, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, Bremer, Johan, Brew, Chris, Brianne, Eldwan, Brice, Stephen, Brizzolari, Claudia, Bromberg, Carl, Brooijmans, Gustaaf, Brooke, Jim, Bross, Alan, Brunetti, Giulia, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Caiulo, Davide, Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Calvo, Enrique, Camilleri, Leslie, Caminata, Alessio, Campanelli, Mario, Caratelli, David, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Carniti, Paolo, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Castillo, Andrés, Castromonte, Cesar, Cattadori, Carla, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Cerati, Giuseppe, Cervelli, Alberto, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chang, C., Chardonnet, Etienne, Chatterjee, Animesh, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Chaves, Jorge, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Mu-Chun, Chen, Yifan, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Cho, Kihyeon, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, Christian, David, Christodoulou, Georgios, Church, Eric, Clarke, Peter, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Conley, Erin, Conrad, Janet M, Convery, Mark, Corwin, Luke, Cotte, Philippe, Cremaldi, Lucien, Cremonesi, Linda, Crespo-Anadón, Jose I, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Cuesta, Clara, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Da Motta, Helio, Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Quentin, Davies, Gavin, Davini, Stefano, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, de Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, De Bonis, Isabelle, Decowski, M Patrick, de Gouvea, Andre, de Holanda, Pedro, de Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, De Jong, Paul, Delbart, Alain, Delepine, David, Delgado, Maritza, Dell'Acqua, Andrea, De Lurgio, Patrick, Ewart, Kevin, Grant, Nick, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Hewes, Jeremy, Huang, Junting, Huang, Junying, Leigui de Oliveira, M A, Li, Shaorui, Li, Shirley W, Ramirez Delgado, Manuel Alejandro, Singh, Jaydip, Singh, Jyotsna, Smith, Adryanna, Smith, Andrew, Todd, Jacob, Torres de Mello Neto, Joao, DeMuth, David, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Gregor Recalde, Derlis, De Roeck, Albert, De Romeri, Valentina, Jan De Vries, Joris, Dharmapalan, Ranjan, Diaz, Felix, Diaz, Jorge S, Di Domizio, Sergio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Ding, Pengfei, Di Noto, Lea, Distefano, Carla, Diurba, Richard, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Dolinski, Michelle J, Domine, Laura, Douglas, Daniel, Drielsma, Francois, Duchesneau, Dominique, Duffy, Kirsty, Dunne, Patrick, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Dvornikov, Olexiy, Dwyer, Daniel A, Dyshkant, Alexandre S, Eads, Michael, Edmunds, Daniel, Eisch, Jonathan, Emery, Sandrine, Ereditato, Antonio, Escobar, Carlos O, Escudero Sanchez, Lorena, Evans, Justin, Ewart, E., Ezeribe, Anthony, Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Farzan, Yasaman, Felix, Julian, Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique, Fernandez Menendez, Pablo, Ferraro, Federico, Fields, Laura, Filkins, A., Filthaut, Frank, Fitzpatrick, Rory, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Franc, Jiri, Francis, Kurt, Franco, Domenico, Freeman, John, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Furic, Ivan, Furmanski, Andrew, Gago, A., Gallagher, Hugh, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Gamberini, Enrico, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Gandrajula, Reddy, Gao, Shanshan, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Zahra, Gibin, Daniele, Gil-Botella, Ines, Girerd, Claude, Giri, Anjan Kumar, Gnani, D., Gogota, Olga, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Gomes, Ricardo, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Gomez Fajardo, Luz, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Goodman, Maury, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gramellini, E., Gran, Rik, Granados, Everardo, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Green, Steven, Greenler, Leland, Greenwood, M., Greer, Joel, Griffith, Clark, Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K K, Gutierrez, Rafael, Guzowski, Pawel, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, Alec, Hackenburg, A., Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Jennifer, Haiston, James, Hamernik, Thomas, Hamilton, Philip, Han, Jiyeon, Harder, Kristian, Harris, Debbie, Hartnell, Jeffrey, Hasegawa, Takyua, Hatcher, Robert, Hazen, Eric, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Herner, Kenneth, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, V., Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Hill, Tony, Hillier, Stephen, Himmel, Alexander, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, Eric, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Hostert, Matheus, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Illingworth, Robert, Ioannisian, Ara, Itay, Ran, Izmaylov, Alexander, James, Eric, Jargowsky, B., Jediny, Filip, Jesús-Valls, César, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, L., Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Johnson, Connor, Johnson, Randy, Jones, Benjamin, Jones, Sebastian, Jung, Chang Kee, Junk, Thomas, Jwa, Yeon-jae, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, I, Kamiya, Felipe, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Karcher, A., Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Kazaryan, Narine, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kelly, Kevin, Kemp, Ernesto, Ketchum, Wes, Kettell, Steve H, Khabibullin, Marat, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, D., King, Bonnie, Kirby, Brian, Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koehler, Kevin, Koerner, Lisa, Kohn, Sam, Koller, Patrick, Kordosky, Mike, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V Alan, Kothekar, Kunal, Krennrich, Frank, Kreslo, Igor, Kudenko, Yury, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, Kulagin, Sergey, Kumar, Jason, KUMAR, Rajeev, Kuruppu, Chatura, Kus, Vaclav, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, A., Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Langford, Thomas, Lasorak, Pierre, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Lawrence, A., Lazanu, Ionel, LaZur, Ryan, Le, Trung, Learned, John, LeBrun, Patrice, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Lehnert, Ralf, Leitner, M., Leyton, Michael, Li, Lingge, Li, Teng, Li, Yichen, Liao, Heng-Ye, Lin, Cheng-Ju Stephen, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, J., Lockwitz, Sarah, Loew, Timothy, Lokajicek, Milos, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, Lorca, David, Lord, Tom, LoSecco, John M, Louis, William, Luk, Kam-Biu, Luo, Xiao, Lurkin, Nicolas, Lux, Thorsten, Luzio, Vitor Prestes, MacFarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Machado, Pedro, Macias, Christopher Thomas, Macier, Jolie R, Maddalena, Antonello, Madigan, Peter, Magill, Steve, Mahn, Kendall, Maio, Amélia, Maloney, James, Mandrioli, Gianni, Maneira, José, Manenti, Laura, Manly, Steve, Mann, Anthony, Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marinho, Franciole, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, Chris, Marshall, John, Marteau, Jacques, Martin-Albo, Justo, Martinez, Norman, Martinez Caicedo, David, Martynenko, Sergey, Mason, Katie, Mastbaum, Andrew, Masud, Mehedi, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, James, Mauger, Christopher, Mauri, Nicoletta, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mazza, Roberto, Mazzacane, Anna, Mazzucato, Edoardo, McCluskey, Elaine, McConkey, Nicola, McFarland, Kevin, McGrew, Clark, McNab, Andrew, Mefodiev, Alexander, Mehta, Poonam, Melas, Pantelis, Mellinato, Michele, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendes Santos, Lucas, Mendez, Hector, Menegolli, A, Meng, Guang, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Mewes, Matthew, Meyer, Holger, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Migenda, Jost, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Joshua, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Miranda, Omar, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C Shekhar, Mishra, Sanjib R, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Moffat, Kristian, Moggi, Niccolo, Mohanta, Rukmani, Mohayai, Tanaz, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Montanari, Alessandro, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Moreno, Deywis, Morgan, Ben, Morris, Casandra, Mossey, Chris, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Célio, Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Muether, Mathew, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Narita, Shinya, Navas-Nicolas, D., Nayak, Nitish, Nebot-Guinot, Miquel, Necib, Lina, Negishi, Kentaro, Nelson, Jeff, Nesbit, Jake, Nessi, Marzio, Newbold, David, Newcomer, Mitch, Newhart, Duane, Nichol, Ryan, Niner, Evan, Nishimura, Kurtis, Norman, Andrew, Northrop, Rich, Novella, Pau, Nowak, Jaroslaw, Oberling, Michael, Olivares Del Campo, Andres, Olivier, Andrew, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Pagani, Luca, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Palestini, Sandro, Paley, Jonathan, Pallavicini, Marco, Palomares, Carmen, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Papaleo, Riccardo, Papanestis, Antonis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Parke, Stephen, Parsa, Zohreh, Parvu, Mihaela, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Patrick, Cheryl, Patrizii, Laura, Patterson, Ryan, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Paulucci, Laura, Pavlovic, Zarko, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Pec, Viktor, Peeters, Simon, Penichot, Yves, Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Peres, Orlando, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Pessina, Gianluigi, Petrillo, Gianluca, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Pillow, James, Plunkett, Robert, Poling, Ronald, Pons, Xavier, Poonthottathil, Navaneeth, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B.V.K.S., Pozimski, Juergen, Pozzato, Michele, Prakash, Suprabh, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qi, K., Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L, Raboanary, R., Radeka, Veljko, Rademacker, Jonas, Radics, Balint, Rafique, Aleena, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotondramanana, H.T., Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Ramachers, Yorck A, Rameika, Regina, Ramson, Bryan, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Ratoff, Peter, Ravat, Sylvain, Razafinime, H., Real, Jean-Sebastien, Rebel, Brian, Redondo, David, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rehak, Tyler, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S, Renshaw, Andrew, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, Logan, Rielage, Keith, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Roda, Marco, Rodrigues, Philip, Rodriguez Alonso, Manual Jesus, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Roeth, Alison J, Rogers, Hannah, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Rossella, M, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Russell, Brooke, Russell, James, Ruterbories, Daniel, Saakyan, Ruben, Sacerdoti, Sabrina, Safford, Twymun, Sahu, Narendra, Sala, Paola, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Sanders, David, Sankey, David, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Sapienza, Piera, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Scarff, Andrew, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Schellman, Heidi, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David, Scholberg, Kate, Schukraft, Anne, Segreto, Ettore, Sensenig, Jon, Seong, Ilsoo, Sergi, Antonino, Sergiampietri, F., Sgalaberna, Davide, Shaevitz, Michael H, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, M., Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shin, Seodong, Shooltz, Dean, Shrock, Robert, Simard, Laurent, Simos, Nikolaos, Sinclair, James, Sinev, Gleb, Sipos, Roland, Sippach, F W, Sirri, Gabriele, Sitraka, Andriaseta, Siyeon, Kim, Smargianaki, D., Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Snopok, Pavel, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Solano Salinas, Carlos, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Solomey, Nicholas, Solovov, Vladimir, Sondheim, Walter, Sorel, Michel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Sousa, Alexandre, Soustruznik, Karel, Spagliardi, Fabio, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, Neil JC, Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Stanco, Luca, Steiner, Herbert M, Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Stock, Jason, Stocker, Francesca, Stokes, Tyler, Strait, Matthew, Strauss, Thomas, Striganov, Sergei, Stuart, Alexander, Summers, Don, Surdo, Antonio, Susic, Vasja, Suter, Louise, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Talaga, Richard, Tanaka, Hirohisa, Tapia Oregui, Beatriz, Tapper, Alexander, Tariq, Salman, Tatar, E., Tayloe, Rex, Teklu, Abraham Meles, Tenti, Matteo, Terao, Kazuhiro, Ternes, Christoph, Terranova, Francesco, Testera, Gemma, Thea, Alessandro, Thompson, Joshua, Thorn, Craig, Timm, Steven C, Tonazzo, Alessandra, Torti, Marta, Tortola, Mariam, Tortorici, Francesco, Totani, Dante, Toups, Matthew, Touramanis, Christos, Trevor, Jason, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Usher, Tracy, Vagins, Mark R, Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Valencia, E., Vallari, Zoya, Valle, Jose, Vallecorsa, Sofia, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Vanegas Forero, David, Varanini, Filippo, Vargas, Danaisis, Varner, Gary, Vasel, Justin, Vasseur, Georges, Vaziri, Kamran, Ventura, Sandro, Verdugo, Antonio, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vieira de Souza, Henrique, Vignoli, Chiara, Vilela, Cristovao, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Wallbank, Michael, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wascko, Morgan, Waters, David, Watson, Alan, Weatherly, Pierce, Weber, Alfons, Weber, Michele, Wei, Hanyu, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, Yang, Shaokai, Zeller, Geralyn (Sam), While, M.R., White, Andy, Whitehead, Leigh, Whittington, Denver, Wilking, Michael, Wilkinson, Callum, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Fergus, Wilson, Robert, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Kevin, Wood, Lynn, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Wret, Clarence, Wu, Wanwei, Xiao, Y., Yang, Guang, Yang, Tingjun, Yershov, Nikolai, Yonehara, Katsuya, Young, Tim, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zambelli, Laura, Zamorano, Bruno, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeller, G.P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Zhang, Chao, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Zhu, Guanying, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Zucchelli, Stefano, Zuklin, Josef, Zutshi, Vishnu, Zwaska, Robert, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DUNE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
safety, Neutrino Oscillations. Neutrino detectors, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, engineering, far detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), fabrication, time projection chamber: liquid argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino: deep underground detector, quality, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Particle Physics - Experiment, activity report
Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module., Minor corrections made for JINST submission, 209 pages, 55 figures (updated typos in Table A.5; corrected errors in author list)

Published
2020

33. Intervention Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hot Pressing Combined with Health Education on the Adolescent's Visual Fatigue.

Author

Tang, Yanping, Wei, Xiaoxia, Huang, Yao, Huang, Junying, Jin, Weihong, Lu, Yanhua, Ge, Tan, and Tang, Ying

Subjects
CHINESE medicine, HEALTH education, HOT pressing, CANCER fatigue, EYE drops, ADOLESCENT health, PATIENT satisfaction
Abstract

To explore the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine hot pressing combined with health education in adolescents with asthenopia, 92 adolescents with asthenopia admitted to the outpatient department of Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Pudong New Area from October 2019 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the test group, each with 46 cases. Both received health education. The control group was given sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and the test group was given traditional Chinese medicine hot ironing technique intervention. After 2 courses of treatment, the scores of visual fatigue symptoms, clinical curative effect, and eye refractive power of the two groups were observed. The satisfaction of treatment was compared between the two groups. The scores of asthenopia of the two groups were compared at 6 months after intervention. After the intervention, the scores of visual fatigue symptoms in the control group and the test group were reduced after one or two courses of treatment (control group: t = 4.167, 6.318, and P = 0.027 , 0.010; test group: t = 4.820, 6.834, and P = 0.013 , <0.001). The scores of asthenopia symptoms of the trial group after the intervention for one and two courses were significantly lower than those of the control group P < 0.05 ; the total clinical effective rate of the trial group was 93.48%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.43%). The difference between the groups was statistically significant P < 0.05 ; the left and right eyes of the control group did not change significantly before and after the intervention P > 0.05 . After the intervention, the left and right eyes of the paper group were significantly reduced P < 0.05 . After the intervention, the difference of the two groups in the refractive power of the left and right eyes was statistically significant P < 0.05 . After treatment, the satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group P < 0.05 . After 6 months, there was no significant change in the visual fatigue score of the experimental group, while the visual fatigue score of the control group increased significantly. The traditional Chinese medicine ironing combined with health education intervention can improve the symptoms of adolescents' asthenopia and improve the treatment efficiency. The method is safe, and the operation is convenient. It is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. An Automatic Placement Algorithm for Superconducting Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum Logic Circuits.

Author

Fu, Rong-Liang, Tang, Guang-Ming, Huang, Junying, and Zhang, Zhi-Min

Subjects
SIMULATED annealing, SUPERCONDUCTING circuits, COMPUTER systems, BIPARTITE graphs, ALGORITHMS, LOGIC circuits
Abstract

With the demand for data processing and storage increasing rapidly, the existing CMOS-based computing system is gradually unable to meet the amplification demand because of its high-power consumption. Due to high frequency and low power consumption, superconducting rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) logic circuit technology is an attractive candidate. In this paper, we propose a novel placement method based on the layer layout. We layer the gates according to the logic level, which is the length of the longest path in terms of the number of clocked gates from any primary input (PI) of the circuit to the gate. Dummy gates are inserted so that any two adjacent layers can form a bipartite graph. Then the gates of each layer are reordered to minimize the half-perimeter wirelength (HPWL). Finally, the gates of each layer are assigned vertical positions to make the edges as straight as possible. The distance between adjacent layers is determined by the number of bending points of the edges between layers. We use several superconducting RSFQ logic circuits to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed placement method, which uses HPWL and area as evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that compared with the Simulated Annealing (SA)-based placement method, the proposed approach can reduce the total HPWL and total area by an average of 77.77% and 57.56%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Combined Infrared Radiation-Counterflow Circulation (IRCC) Corn Dryer.

Author

Li, Chengjie, Li, Bin, Huang, Junying, and Li, Changyou

Subjects
EXERGY, COMBUSTION chambers, HEAT losses, ENERGY consumption, MANUFACTURING processes
Abstract

Energy consumption performance evaluation of an industrial grain dryer is an essential step to check its current status and to put forward suggestions for more effective operation. The present work proposed a combined IRCC dryer with drying capacity of 4.2 t/h that uses a novel drying technology. Moreover, the existing energy–exergy methodology was applied to evaluate the performance of the dryer on the basis of energy efficiency, heat loss characteristics, energy recovery, exergy flow and exegetic efficiency. The results demonstrated that the average drying rate of the present drying system was 1.1 gwater/gwet matter h. The energy efficiency of the whole drying system varied from 2.16% to 35.21% during the drying process. The overall recovered radiant energy and the average radiant exergy rate were 674,339.3 kJ and 3.54 kW, respectively. However, the average heat-loss rate of 3145.26 MJ/h indicated that measures should be put in place to improve its performance. Concerning the exergy aspect, the average exergy rate for dehydration was 462 kW and the exergy efficiency of the whole drying system ranged from 5.16% to 38.21%. Additionally, the exergy analysis of the components indicated that the combustion chamber should be primarily optimized among the whole drying system. The main conclusions of the present work may provide theoretical basis for the optimum design of the industrial drying process from the viewpoint of energetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Application of Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Key Indexes of Corn Industrial Drying by Considering the Ambient Conditions.

Author

Li, Bin, Li, Chengjie, Huang, Junying, and Li, Changyou

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks, FORECASTING, HEAT exchanger efficiency, DRYING, CORN
Abstract

Uncontrollable ambient conditions are the main factors limiting the self-adaption control of an industrial drying system. To achieve the goal of accurate control of the drying process, the influence of the ambient conditions on the drying behavior should be taken into consideration when modeling the drying process. Present work introduced an industrial drying system with a loading capacity of 50 t, two artificial neural network prediction models with (IANN) and without (OANN) considering the ambient conditions were established using artificial neural network modeling approach. The ambient conditions on the moisture content (MC), exergy efficiency of the heat exchanger (ηex,h) and specific recovered radiant energy (Er) of the drying process were also investigated. The results showed that the ηex,h and Er increase with the increase of ambient temperature while the drying time decrease with the increase of the ambient temperature. The IANN model has a better prediction performance that that of OANN model. An optimal architecture of 9-2-12-3 artificial neuron network model was developed and the best prediction performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) model were found at a training epoch number of 30, and a momentum coefficient of 0.4, where the coefficient of determination of moisture content, exergy efficiency of heat exchanger, and the specific recovered radiant energy, respectively are 0.998, 0.992, and 0.980, indicating that the model has an excellent prediction performance and can be used in engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Facile synthesis of Mn-doped MoS2 nanosheets on carbon nanotubes as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Author

Chen, Mengting, Jian, Xiumei, Wu, Huancheng, Huang, Junying, Liu, Weipeng, and Liu, Yingju

Subjects
OXYGEN evolution reactions, HYDROGEN evolution reactions, CARBON nanotubes, ELECTRON transport, COMMERCIAL art, ELECTROCATALYSTS
Abstract

As a substitute of Pt-based catalysts, MoS2-based catalysts have been widely used in hydrogen evolution reaction, but the inherent low conductivity, limited active edges, self-stacking and agglomeration still hinder their activities. In this work, Mn-doped MoS2 nanosheets were vertically anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the one-step hydrothermal reaction, in which Mn–O–C/Mo–O–C was considered as a bridge between Mn-MoS2 and CNTs. The doping of the Mn element enables the spreading of MoS2 on CNTs and the rapid escape of hydrogen bubbles from the electrode, while conductive CNTs with hydrophilicity can accelerate the electron transport process between the electrolyte and the material. With an overpotential of 150 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec−1, this material exhibited excellent catalytic hydrogen evolution activity, which could open the path for designing commercial electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Sirtuin 1 represses PKC-ζ activity through regulating interplay of acetylation and phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy.

Author

Li, Jingyan, Huang, Junying, Lu, Jing, Guo, Zhen, Li, Zhuoming, Gao, Hui, Wang, Panxia, Luo, Wenwei, Cai, Sidong, Hu, Yuehuai, Guo, Kaiteng, Wang, Luping, Li, Zhenzhen, Wang, Minghui, Zhang, Xiaolei, and Liu, Peiqing

Subjects
*SIRTUINS, *ACETYLATION, *PHOSPHORYLATION, *CARDIAC hypertrophy, *PROTEIN kinase C, *NF-kappa B, *GENE transfection, *PROTEIN expression, *ANIMAL experimentation, *COMPARATIVE studies, *RESEARCH methodology, *MEDICAL cooperation, *METABOLISM, *RATS, *RESEARCH, *TRANSFERASES, *EVALUATION research
Abstract

Background and Purpose: Activation of PKC-ζ is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. PKC-ζ can be activated by certain lipid metabolites such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and ceramide. However, its endogenous negative regulators are not well defined. Here, the role of the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in cardiac hypertrophy.Experimental Approach: Cellular hypertrophy in cultures of cardiac myocytes, from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, was monitored by measuring cell surface area and the mRNA levels of hypertrophic biomarkers. Interaction between sirtuin1 and PKC-ζ was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Sirtuin1 activation was enhanced by resveratrol treatment or Ad-sirtuin1 transfection. A model of cardiac hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats was established by abdominal aortic constriction surgery or induced by isoprenaline in vivo.Key Results: Overexpression of PKC-ζ led to cardiac hypertrophy and increased activity of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and ERK5, which was ameliorated by sirtuin1 overexpression. Enhancement of sirtuin1 activity suppressed acetylation of PKC-ζ, hindered its binding to phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and inhibited PKC-ζ phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Consequently, the downstream pathways of PKC-ζ' were suppressed in cardiac hypertrophy. This regulation loop suggests a new role for sirtuin1 in mediation of cardiac hypertrophy.Conclusions and Implications: Sirtuin1 is an endogenous negative regulator for PKC-ζ and mediates its activity via regulating the acetylation and phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis may suggest a novel therapeutic approach against cardiac hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit ameliorates diabetic renal inflammatory fibrosis via NF-κB signaling pathway.

Author

Huang, Junying, Chen, Zhiquan, Li, Jie, Chen, Qiuhong, Li, Jingyan, Gong, Wenyan, Huang, Jiani, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*PROTEIN kinase C, *NF-kappa B, *FIBROSIS, *CELLULAR signal transduction, *LUCIFERASES
Abstract

Activation of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is closely linked to the body disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory reaction. The renal chronic inflammatory reaction in the setting of diabetes is one of the important hallmarks of diabetic renal fibrosis. However, it remains unknown whether CK2 influences the process of diabetic renal fibrosis. The current study is aimed to investigate if CK2α ameliorates renal inflammatory fibrosis in diabetes via NF-κB pathway. To explore potential regulatory mechanism of CK2α, the expression and activity of CK2α, which were studied by plasmid transfection, selective inhibitor, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and adenovirus infection in vitro or in vivo, were analyzed by means of western blotting (WB), dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The following findings were observed: (1) Expression of CK2α was upregulated in kidneys of db/db and KKAy diabetic mice; (2) Inhibition of CK2α kinase activity or knockdown of CK2α protein expression suppressed high glucose-induced expressions of FN and ICAM-1 in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs); (3) Inhibition of CK2α kinase activity or knockdown of CK2α protein expression not only restrained IκB degradation, but also suppressed HG-induced nuclear accumulation, transcriptional activity and DNA binding activity of NF-κB in GMCs; (4) Treatment of TBB or CK2α RNAi adenovirus infection ameliorated renal fibrosis in diabetic animals; (5) Treatment of TBB or CK2α RNAi adenovirus infection suppressed IκB degradation and NF-κB nuclear accumulation in glomeruli of diabetic animals. This study indicates the essential role of CK2α in regulating the diabetic renal pathological process of inflammatory fibrosis via NF-κB pathway, and inhibition of CK2α may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Strongly coupled MoS2 nanoflake–carbon nanotube nanocomposite as an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Author

Huang, Haoliang, Huang, Weihao, Yang, Zhuohong, Huang, Junying, Lin, Jiadong, Liu, Weipeng, and Liu, Yingju

Abstract

As a promising non-precious metal electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), MoS2 suffers from impeded electrical conductivity and scarce active sites. This tricky situation can be ameliorated but not eliminated by the simple involvement of nanocarbons. Herein, a leaves-and-branch structure of strongly coupled and porous MoS2–carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite was synthesized, where few-layer MoS2 nanoflakes are anchored radially and intimately on the surface of CNT. Mo–O–C has been unveiled to be the bridge between these two phases and a sandwich-like structure was proposed for the interface within the strongly coupled MoS2–CNT. This genuine nanocomposite exhibits remarkably improved electrocatalytic activity towards HER, reaching −850 mA cmgeo−2 with the expense of only 290 mV of overpotential and maintaining a low Tafel slope of 47 mV per decade even under a current density of 100 mA cmgeo−2. After detailed analysis, this surging activity has been ascribed not so much to the simple addition of the properties of MoS2 and CNT, but to a strong interfacial attachment between them which not only stabilizes tiny and edge-terminated MoS2 nanoflakes, but also constructs a three dimensional hierarchical structure to boost electron and mass transfer during the HER operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Developing an Online Measurement Device Based on Resistance Sensor for Measurement of Single Grain Moisture Content in Drying Process.

Author

Li, Chengjie, Li, Bin, Huang, Junying, and Li, Changyou

Subjects
REAL-time control, MEASUREMENT errors, MOISTURE, MOISTURE measurement, GRAIN drying
Abstract

The online measurement of moisture content for grains is an essential technology to realize real-time tracking and control, improve drying quality and reduce energy consumption of the drying process. To improve the measurement accuracy and reliability of the dynamic measurement process as well as expand the application scope of the device, the present work constructed an experimental equipment for determining dynamic resistance characteristics of a single grain. The relations between moisture content and real-time resistance waveform were revealed, and an analytical calculation method of peak value and peak area of waveform was proposed, which correctly revealed the electrical measurement properties of grain. The results demonstrated that the gap width between the electrodes had large influence on the sensor's performance. Moreover, an online measuring device was developed based on the experimental analysis and calculation method, and the test results in both lab and field for different grains showed that online real-time absolute measurement error are within ±0.5% in the varied moisture content (10–35%w.b.) and the temperature (−20–50 °C). The main results and the developed device might provide technical support for developing intelligent grain drying equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Exergoeconomic Analysis of Corn Drying in a Novel Industrial Drying System.

Author

Li, Bin, Li, Chengjie, Huang, Junying, and Li, Changyou

Subjects
ENERGY consumption, CORN seeds, COMBUSTION chambers, CORN, FARM produce, CORN stover, CORN industry
Abstract

The improvement of the design and operation of energy conversion systems is a theme of global concern. As an energy intensive operation, industrial agricultural product drying has also attracted significant attention in recent years. Taking a novel industrial corn drying system with drying capacity of 5.5 t/h as a study case, based on existing exergoeconomic and exergetic analysis methodology, the present work investigated the exergetic and economic performance of the drying system and identified its energy use deficiencies. The results showed that the average drying rate for corn drying in the system is 1.98 gwater/gdry matter h. The average exergy rate for dehydrating the moisture from the corn kernel is 345.22 kW and the exergy efficiency of the drying chamber ranges from 14.81% to 40.10%. The average cost of producing 1 GJ exergy for removing water from wet corn kernels is USD 25.971, while the average cost of removing 1 kg water is USD 0.159. These results might help to further understand the drying process from the exergoeconomic perspective and aid formulation of a scientific index for agricultural product industrial drying. Additionally, the results also indicated that, from an energy perspective, the combustion chamber should be firstly optimized, while the drying chamber should be given priority from the exergoeconomics perspective. The main results would be helpful for further optimizing the drying process from both energetic and economic perspectives and provide new thinking about agricultural product industrial drying from the perspective of exergoeconomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction in patients following gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment.

Author

Wu, Haining, Zhuang, Yingying, Wu, Weiqi, Huang, Junying, Huang, Honghong, and Wang, Lingxing

Abstract

Abstract We aimed to explore the changes in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment using detailed neuropsychological assessments. Patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal endoscopic polypectomy were recruited for neuropsychological evaluations, which included the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span Test (DST), Trail Making Task (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test, Clock Drawing Test, and Stroop test. Cognitive assessments were performed twice: one day before and 24 h after treatment. Healthy control subjects participated in the neuropsychological assessment during the same intervals. Detailed cognitive assessments were performed for 40 patients and 60 control subjects. Based on the Z scores, the incidence of POCD 24 h after gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment was 20%. Patients with POCD had significant impairment in the post-operative MMSE, forward DST, TMT, and Stroop interference effect correct count tests (all p < 0.05). Our preliminary results showed that patients were not fully recovered, and 20% had impairment in multiple cognitive assessments 24 h after a gastrointestinal endoscopy. As attention was affected, safety while discharging those patients should be a concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Betulinic acid ameliorates experimental diabetic-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Author

Wang, Shaogui, Yang, Zhiying, Xiong, Fengxiao, Chen, Cheng, Chao, Xiaojuan, Huang, Junying, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*TRITERPENOIDS, *RENAL fibrosis, *EXTRACELLULAR matrix, *FIBRONECTINS, *NF-kappa B, *PREVENTION, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin (FN), in the glomerular mesangium and tubulointerstitium. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene derived from the bark of the white birch tree, has been demonstrated to have many pharmacological activities. However, the effect of BA on DN has not been fully elucidated. To explore the possible anti-inflammatory effects of BA and their underlying mechanisms, we used streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidneys and high glucose-treated glomerular mesangial cells. Our study showed BA could inhibit the degradation of I κ B α and the activity of NF- κ B in diabetic rat kidneys and high glucose-induced mesangial cells, resulting in reduction of FN expression. In addition, BA suppressed the DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity of NF- κ B in high glucose-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Furthermore, BA enhanced the interaction between I κ B α and β -arrestin2 in mesangial cells. Taken together, our data suggest BA inhibits NF- κ B activation through stabilizing NF- κ B inhibitory protein I κ B α , thereby preventing diabetic renal fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. CKIP-1 ameliorates high glucose-induced expression of fibronectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway in glomerular mesangial cells.

Author

Gong, Wenyan, Chen, Cheng, Xiong, Fengxiao, Yang, Zhiying, Wang, Yu, Huang, Junying, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*LIPID metabolism disorders, *GLUCOSE metabolism disorders, *DIABETIC nephropathies, *OXIDATIVE stress, *CASEIN kinase, *FIBRONECTINS, *CELL adhesion molecules
Abstract

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders as well as oxidative stress (OSS) play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions are the basic pathological changes of chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, such as DN. OSS can lead to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and inflammatory factors which will accelerate the progress of DN. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) mediates adipogenesis, cell proliferation and inflammation under many circumstances. However, whether CKIP-1 is involved in the development of DN remains unknown. Here, we show that CKIP-1 is a novel regulator of resisting the development of DN and the underlying molecular mechanism is related to activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) antioxidative stress pathway. The following findings were obtained: (1) The treatment of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) with high glucose (HG) decreased CKIP-1 levels in a time-dependent manner; (2) CKIP-1 overexpression dramatically reduced fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Depletion of CKIP-1 further induced the production of FN and ICAM-1; (3) CKIP-1 promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Moreover, CKIP-1 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 downstream genes, heme oxygenase (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); and ultimately decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The molecular mechanisms clarify that the advantageous effect of CKIP-1 on DN are well connected with the activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidative stress pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. TGR5 activation suppressed S1P/S1P2 signaling and resisted high glucose-induced fibrosis in glomerular mesangial cells.

Author

Yang, Zhiying, Xiong, Fengxiao, Wang, Yu, Gong, Wenyan, Huang, Junying, Chen, Cheng, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*SPHINGOSINE-1-phosphate, *LIPID metabolism disorders, *DIABETIC nephropathies, *RENAL fibrosis, *G protein coupled receptors, *CELL adhesion molecules
Abstract

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and chronic inflammation in the kidney tissues are largely responsible for causative pathological mechanism of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). As our previous findings confirmed that, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) signaling activation promoted renal fibrosis in diabetes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 exhibits effective regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects. TGR5 is highly expressed in kidney tissues, whether it attenuates the inflammation and renal fibrosis by inhibiting the S1P/S1P2 signaling pathway would be a new insight into the molecular mechanism of DN. Here we investigated the effects of TGR5 on diabetic renal fibrosis, and the underlying mechanism would be also discussed. We found that TGR5 activation significantly decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), as well as fibronectin (FN) induced by high glucose in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), which were pathological features of DN. S1P2 overexpression induced by high glucose was diminished after activation of TGR5, and AP-1 activity, including the phosphorylation of c-Jun/c-Fos and AP-1 transcription activity, was attenuated. As a G protein-coupled receptor, S1P2 interacted with TGR5 in GMCs. Furthermore, INT-777 lowered S1P2 expression and promoted S1P2 internalization. Taken together, TGR5 activation reduced ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and FN expressions induced by high glucose in GMCs, the mechanism might be through suppressing S1P/S1P2 signaling, thus ameliorating diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Berberine attenuates high glucose-induced fibrosis by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 and repressing the S1P2/MAPK signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells.

Author

Yang, Zhiying, Li, Jie, Xiong, Fengxiao, Huang, Junying, Chen, Cheng, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*BERBERINE, *G protein coupled receptors, *MITOGEN-activated protein kinases, *GLOMERULAR filtration rate, *DIABETIC nephropathies, *PHOSPHORYLATION, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Berberine (BBR) exerts powerful renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that activation of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the activation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) signaling pathway. In this study, we explored the role of TGR5 in the BBR-induced downregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated fibrosis in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Results showed that, BBR suppressed the expression of FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 in high-glucose cultures of GMCs, and the phosphorylation level of c-Jun/c-Fos was downregulated. The high glucose lowered TGR5 expression in a time-dependent manner; this effect was reversed by BBR in a dose-dependent manner. The TGR5 agonist INT-777 decreased the high glucose-induced FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 protein contents. In addition, TGR5 siRNA blocked S1P2 degradation by BBR. And MAPK signaling, which plays important regulatory roles in the pathological progression of DN, was activated by TGR5 siRNA. Apart from this, MAPK signaling as well as FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 suppressed by BBR under high glucose conditions were limited by TGR5 depletion. Thus, BBR decreases FN, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 levels under high glucose conditions in GMCs possibly by activating TGR5 and inhibiting S1P2/MAPK signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Polydatin attenuates AGEs-induced upregulation of fibronectin and ICAM-1 in rat glomerular mesangial cells and db/db diabetic mice kidneys by inhibiting the activation of the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway.

Author

Chen, Cheng, Huang, Kaipeng, Hao, Jie, Huang, Junying, Yang, Zhiying, Xiong, Fengxiao, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*GLOMERULAR filtration rate, *KIDNEY physiology, *FIBRONECTINS, *PEOPLE with diabetes, *LABORATORY rodents, *CELLULAR signal transduction, *SPHINGOSINE kinase
Abstract

We previously demonstrated that activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)- sphingosine 1- phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway by high glucose (HG) plays a pivotal role in increasing the expression of fibronectin (FN), an important fibrotic component, by promoting the DNA-binding activity of transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) under diabetic conditions. As a multi-target anti-oxidative drug, polydatin (PD) has been shown to have renoprotective effects on experimental diabetes. However, whether PD could resist diabetic nephropathy (DN) by regulating SphK1-S1P signaling pathway needs further investigation. Here, we found that PD significantly reversed the upregulated FN and ICAM-1 expression in GMCs exposed to AGEs. Simultaneously, PD dose-dependently inhibited SphK1 levels at the protein expression and kinase activity and attenuated S1P production under AGEs treatment conditions. In addition, PD reduced SphK activity in GMCs transfected with wild-type SphK WT plasmid and significantly suppressed SphK1-mediated increase of FN and ICAM-1 levels under normal conditions. Furthermore, we found that the AGEs-induced upregulation of phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63 and Ser73 and c-Fos at Ser32, DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity of AP-1 were blocked by PD. In comparison with db/db model group, PD treatment suppressed SphK1 levels (mRNA, protein expression, and activity) and S1P production, reversed the upregulation of FN, ICAM-1, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the kidney tissues of diabetic mice, and finally ameliorated renal injury in db/db mice. These findings suggested that the downregulation of SphK1-S1P signaling pathway is probably a novel mechanism by which PD suppressed AGEs-induced FN and ICAM-1 expression and improved renal dysfunction of diabetic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Polydatin promotes Nrf2-ARE anti-oxidative pathway through activating Sirt1 to resist AGEs-induced upregulation of fibronetin and transforming growth factor-β1 in rat glomerular messangial cells.

Author

Huang, Kaipeng, Chen, Cheng, Hao, Jie, Huang, Junying, Wang, Shaogui, Liu, Peiqing, and Huang, Heqing

Subjects
*DIABETIC nephropathies, *DISEASE progression, *ANTIOXIDANTS, *ADVANCED glycation end-products, *TRANSFORMING growth factors, *GENETIC regulation
Abstract

Sirt1 and nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-anti-oxidant response element (ARE) anti-oxidative pathway play important regulatory roles in the pathological progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by advanced glycation-end products (AGEs). Polydatin (PD), a glucoside of resveratrol, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidative bioactivity. Our previous study demonstrated that PD markedly resists the progression of diabetic renal fibrosis and thus, inhibits the development of DN. Whereas, whether PD could resist DN through regulating Sirt1 and consequently promoting Nrf2-ARE pathway needs further investigation. Here, we found that concomitant with decreasing RAGE (the specific receptor for AGEs) expression, PD significantly reversed the downregulation of Sirt1 in terms of protein expression and deacetylase activity and attenuated FN and TGF-β1 expression in GMCs exposed to AGEs. Under AGEs-treatment condition, PD could decrease Keap1 expression and promote the nuclear content, ARE-binding ability, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. In addition, PD increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), two target genes of Nrf2. The activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway by PD eventually led to the quenching of ROS overproduction sharply boosted by AGEs. Depletion of Sirt1 blocked Nrf2-ARE pathway activation and reversed FN and TGF-β1 downregulation induced by PD in GMCs challenged with AGEs. Along with reducing HO-1 and SOD1 expression, silencing of Nrf2 increased FN and TGF-β1 levels. PD treatment elevated Sirt1 and Nrf2 levels in the kidney tissues of diabetic rats, then improved the anti-oxidative capacity and renal dysfunction of diabetic models, and finally reversed the upregulation of FN and TGF-β1. Taken together, the resistance of PD on upregulated FN and TGF-β1 induced by AGEs via oxidative stress in GMCs is closely associated with its activation of Sirt1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results