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With the rapid development and wide application of visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) detections, it is necessary to explore visible-infrared (VIS-IR) compatible camouflage. Here, we report a VIS-IR compatible and independent camouflage device which is composed of the upper IR-transparent VIS-color-patterned layer and the lower electrochromic IR layer. The upper layer has amorphous photonic structure of polystyrene nanospheres (PSNSs). By customizing the PSNS size, various colors can be realized for VIS camouflage. The lower electrochromic IR layer takes advantage of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the electrode as well as the IR active material. Experimental results reveal that different colors (including blue, green, and purple) have been obtained, and the IR emissivity can be electrically regulated from 0.43 to 0.9. Moreover, the prototype also exhibits good electrical stability as well as hydrophobic characteristic (the water contact angle of the outmost surface exceeds 120°). These output performances demonstrate the success of our design strategy for promoting the finding applied in camouflage fields as well as energy conservation fields.

We consider a distribution system in which retailers replenish perishable goods from a warehouse, which, in turn, replenishes from an outside source. Demand at each retailer depends on exogenous features and a random shock, and unfulfilled demand is lost. The objective is to obtain a data-driven replenishment and allocation policy that minimizes the average inventory cost per time period. The extant data-driven methods either cannot guarantee a feasible solution for out-of-sample feature observations or generate one with excessive computational time. We propose a policy that resolves these issues in two steps. In the first step, we assume that the distributions of features and random shocks are known. We develop an effective heuristic policy by using Taylor expansion to approximate the retailer's inventory cost. The resulting solution is closed-form, referred to as Taylor Approximation (TA) policy. We show that the TA policy is asymptotically optimal in the number of retailers. In the second step, we apply the linear quantile regression and kernel density estimation to the TA solution to obtain the data-driven policy called Data-Driven Taylor Approximation (DDTA) policy. We prove that the DDTA policy is consistent with the TA policy. A numerical study shows that the DDTA policy is very effective. Using a real data set provided by Fresh Hema, we show that the DDTA policy reduces the average cost by 11.0% compared with Hema's policy. Finally, we show that the main results still hold in the cases of correlated demand features, positive lead times, and censored demand. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science. Funding: Y. Yang acknowledges financial support from the NSFC [Grants 72125004, 71821002]. W. Zhou acknowledges financial support from the NSFC [Grants 72192823, 71821002]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.04241. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing advancements and growing adoption of infrared detection technology have spurred a tremendous amount of interest in thermal camouflage technology. Various approaches are employed to develop infrared camouflage materials capable of manipulating emissivity or surface temperature. However, the range of thermal radiation regulation implemented by these materials is still somewhat limited. In this paper, a combined emissivity and temperature regulation strategy that integrates a thermoelectric device (TED) and a thermochromic structure is proposed. By utilizing this strategy, it becomes possible to simultaneously control the surface temperature and the emissivity without needing additional complex excitation. As a concept demonstration, large tunabilities of 0.38 for long‐wave infrared (8–14 µm) emittance and 87 °C for surface temperature are observed, resulting in a prominent tunability of the thermal radiation temperature that is 15.4 °C greater than that of a conventional TED with constant emissivity. This work aims to introduce a new design paradigm for future thermal radiation management and camouflage techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the pathogenesis of Kimura's disease remains unclear, there is no unified diagnostic criterion, the clinical phenotype shows considerable heterogeneity, and there is a lack of optimal treatment strategies. Due to its rarity, treatment strategies for KD are still under exploration. This paper reports a case of a 37-year-old Chinese female presenting with generalized erythematous papules and pruritic eruptions for 12 years, followed by the onset of limb swellings 3 years later, ultimately diagnosed as Kimura's disease. Considering the patient's multiple lymphadenopathies and limb swellings with concurrent atopic dermatitis, the treatment regimen included initial dupilumab dosage of 600 mg (300 mg administered in two injections), followed by subcutaneous injections of 300 mg every two weeks for four months. Concurrent oral corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone, initial dose 16 mg/kg/day, gradually tapered with tumor regression) was also administered. Following treatment, the patient did not experience severe adverse effects, and the multiple nodules markedly decreased in size. Additionally, serum IgE levels, eosinophil, and basophil counts showed significant reductions. These results demonstrate the significant efficacy of dupilumab combined with oral corticosteroids in treating Kimura's disease with concurrent atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drainage systems of tunnels situated in limestone regions frequently encounter crystallization blockages. Numerous studies have addressed this issue, and their findings identified factors such as the flow velocity and temperature as influencing the crystallization process. However, these studies could not predict the occurrence of crystallization. Regarding theoretical approaches, most studies have focused on full-pipe operations or have solely considered flow-field dynamics without including simulations of the chemical reactions and mass transfers. This study introduces a mass-transfer model for drainage pipes based on a two-phase flow (water and air) with a free surface and non-full pipe flow that simulates the crystallization deposition process in drainage pipes. This model can predict the deposition conditions at varying flow velocities and intuitively visualize the crystallization process under the influence of various factors. The impact of flow velocity on the overall crystallization deposition process can be directly analyzed through simulations developed using this model. The results show that under conditions of incomplete pipe flow with no pressure at the outlet, the weight of the deposition first increases and then decreases within a certain velocity. This model can depict the variations within a 30 d period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have focused on the linear relationship between recreation behavior and environmental variables. However, to inform the planning and design of recreational spaces, it is essential to understand the factors that contribute to differences in the spatial distribution of recreation behavior. This study investigates the characteristics of visitor behavior in urban mountain parks in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It describes the distribution of tourist numbers and the diversity of behaviors in these parks and explores the landscape driving factors of visitor behavior, as well as the interaction effects between the factors from the perspective of spatial driving forces. The results indicate that (1) The observed behaviors in the three parks are primarily access behaviors. The number of visitors and the diversity of behaviors show a high level in the morning and evening and a low level in the midday. (2) There was minimal variation in behavioral composition and behavioral diversity among the study plots of different elevation gradients in the three parks. However, the contrasts between different landscape types were more pronounced, with impermeable plazas exhibiting the highest behavioral diversity and park roads demonstrating the most homogeneous behavioral diversity. (3) The impact of environmental factors was more pronounced than that of landscape pattern factors. The environmental factors that most strongly influenced passing, dynamic, and static behaviors were spatial connectivity value, hard space proportion, and number of recreational facilities, respectively. In contrast, the hard space proportion was the strongest driver of behavioral diversity. Moreover, the interaction between the hard space proportion and spatial connectivity value was more pronounced in driving behavioral diversity, as well as the three behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh aquatic products, due to their high water activity, are susceptible to microbial contamination and spoilage, resulting in a short shelf life. Drying is a commonly used method to extend the shelf life of these products by reducing the moisture content, inhibiting microbial growth, and slowing down enzymatic and chemical reactions. However, the drying process of aquatic products involves chemical reactions such as oxidation and hydrolysis, which pose challenges in obtaining high-quality dried products. This paper provides a comprehensive review of drying processing techniques for aquatic products, including drying preprocessing, drying technologies, and non-destructive monitoring techniques, and discusses their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, the impact of the drying process on the quality attributes of dried products, including sensory quality, nutritional components, and microbial aspects, is analyzed. Finally, the challenges faced by drying processing techniques for aquatic products are identified, and future research prospects are outlined, aiming to further advance research and innovation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent metasurfaces have recently attracted much interest due to their strong capability of self‐adaptive electromagnetic (EM) manipulation. However, their realization still faces great challenges, especially in the recognition and modulation of multi‐EM parameters. Here, an intelligent metasurface is proposed that can automatically manipulate its transmission/absorption frequency and amplitude to adapt to the complicated and ambiguous EM environment. By integrating a radio‐frequency sensing module and a closed‐loop feedback system, the incident wave frequency and amplitude information can be recognized and then the corresponding instruction will be generated to make such a metasurface achieve the predefined EM functions. Experimental results have demonstrated that it can realize the dynamic switching between transmission and absorption with the variation of incident power intensity, and meanwhile the transmission/absorption amplitude can be also further adjusted. In addition, this metasurface possesses the frequency‐agile capability, which can self‐adaptively control its transmission/absorption frequency to match the incident frequency. The proposed approach opens a new avenue to promote the development of multifunctional intelligent metasurfaces toward a wide range of real‐time application fields, such as smart EM windows and active camouflage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous researchers have demonstrated the positive impacts of urban green spaces on human physiology and psychology. In mountainous urban regions, mountains have often been preserved as green spaces during urban sprawl, owing to the limited costs associated with development. While the landscape elements of these mountain parks exhibit differences depending on their locations, the nature and effects of such differences on the public's physiological and psychological perceptions remain unclear. Therefore, we employed panoramic cameras and semantic segmentation (PSPNet-based training algorithm) to analyze the composition of landscape elements in mountain parks along an urban gradient (i.e., urban areas [UA], suburban areas [SA], and exurban areas [EA]). Concurrently, open-ended questionnaires and portable physiological monitors (ErgoLAB 3.0 Portable physiological monitoring equipment) were utilized to examine relationships between specific landscape elements and the public's physiological and psychological responses. Our findings revealed that: (1) Urban park landscapes possessed high proportions of paved areas, humanistic vibe, vegetation hierarchy, and vegetation color richness, alongside lower scene clutter; suburban mountain park landscapes were characterized by heightened contemporary ambiance and wide viewshed area; and exurban mountain park landscapes exhibited high green view indices, expansive water surfaces, broad view area, and low scene clutter. (2) HRV and EMG differed significantly between mountain parks situated across the urban gradient. EMG also significantly varied across landscape types. All four psychological perception metrics showed significant distinctions across the three urban gradients and three green space categories. It further highlighted the importance of naturalness perception in urban mountain parks. (3) Viewshed area, average sight distance, architecture, enclosure, humanistic vibe, contemporary elements, vegetation color richness, trees and shrubs, distant hills, and scene clutter showed significant effects on both physiological and psychological outcomes. However, the application of these findings needs additional refinement tailored to the typology of the landscape. (4) To provide practical insights for constructing diverse green space typologies, we employed partial correlation modeling to eliminate covarying factors and developed a perception feedback model for public physiological and psychological indicators. Our findings elucidate relationships between landscape elements and the benefits of urban forests for public physiology and psychology. By shedding light on these connections, we further understand how landscape elements shape human perceptions of mountainous urban forests. These results offer valuable insights for shaping policies that promote favorable urban forest landscapes while also advancing landscape perception research through the use of semantic segmentation and portable physiological monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In the era of expanding and enhancing urbanization, the conservation of urban biodiversity has gradually become a research hotspot. As an excellent indicator species reflecting the quality of the ecological environment, butterflies can be used to monitor and improve the quality of habitats. We explored the effects of urbanization on the α-diversity, β-diversity, and functional diversity of butterflies and analyzed the indicative species of different ecological gradients. This examination was aimed at understanding the effects of urbanization on the taxonomic diversity and functional similarity of butterflies and proposing scientific suggestions and strategies to improve the ecological quality of urban environments. Urbanization has been shown to cause biodiversity loss. However, its effects on butterfly taxonomic and functional diversity still need to be studied, especially in urban waterfront green spaces where mechanisms of impact still need to be explored. We used butterflies as indicators to study how urbanization affects their taxonomic and functional diversity and identify indicator species in different urban ecological gradient areas. From July to September 2022, we surveyed 10 urban waterfront green spaces in Fuzhou City, China. We recorded 1163 butterflies of 28 species from 6 families. First, we explored the effects of urbanization on butterfly communities and made pairwise comparisons of different urban ecological gradients (α-diversity); secondly, we looked for differences between butterfly communities across urban ecological gradients (β-diversity); finally, we investigated differences in the response of butterfly functional groups to different urban ecological gradient areas and identified ecological indicative species. This study found the following: (1) Urbanization has led to the simplification of butterfly community structure, but there are also favorable factors that support the survival of individual butterflies; (2) Urbanization has led to significant differences in butterfly communities and plant-feeding polyphagous butterfly groups; (3) Urbanization has led to differences in the functional diversity of butterfly diet and activity space groups; (4) We identified five eco-indicator species in different urban ecological gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underground hole pile excavation method causes a large vertical displacement in a weak stratum, which affects the safety of structures. For the first time, the hole pile excavation method is being used to construct a subway station in South China, and the settlement law of the area is not clear. It is important to clarify the deformation law of the hole pile excavation method in weak strata and the effect achieved by appropriate reinforcement measures. In this paper, by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of the structure–soil contact element and combining it with the field monitoring data, the law of surface settlement caused by the hole pile excavation method with different thicknesses of the weak stratum has been studied. In order to improve the stability of the surrounding rock and reduce the vertical deformation of the surface, the Metro Jet System (MJS) is used to form inclined piles in the area of large surface deformation, and the effect after reinforcement was evaluated. The results show that as the weak layer thickness ratio increases, the surface settlement also increases. In the case of no reinforcement, a vertical settlement of 116 mm can be achieved when the thickness of the weak layer is 14 m. The vault of the tunnel is in the weak layer and the deformation is obvious. When the vault is not in the weak layer, the settlement is obviously reduced. After MJS pile reinforcement, under the action of soil extrusion, the self-stability of the surrounding rock is strengthened, and the oblique jet grouted pile forms a stable 'triangle'. The vertical settlement value is basically stable at around 30 mm, which meets the requirements of the regulations. If the tunnel is not reinforced, the self-stability of the surrounding rock above the tunnel arch is poor and the maximum settlement is at the surface. After MJS reinforcement, the maximum settlement is at the vault. The vertical settlement of the ground surface can be effectively controlled by using the MJS pile forming technology in the middle of the tunnel pile driving method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enhancement of the urban forest landscape through vegetation colorization has emerged as a continuous concern for urban managers in southern Chinese cities. However, the understanding of how designers can effectively select the appropriate form and intensity of colorization design to align with users' aesthetic preferences remains limited. The process of visual perception is closely intertwined with eye movements. Employing visualization techniques, this research aims to investigate the impact of colorization design on aesthetic benefits and eye movements in urban forests, considering four intensities (slight, low, medium, and high) and three forms (aggregate, homogeneous, and random). A total of 183 participants (with an average age of 23.5 ± 2.5 years) were randomly assigned to three groups to assess the aesthetics score, while eye-tracking devices were utilized to record eye movement behaviors. The outcomes indicate that a homogeneous design form and a moderate intensity of landscaping yield higher scenic benefits for urban forests. In the case of canopy landscape, both the form and intensity of landscaping have a significant influence on urban forest aesthetics. The HCI with aggregate form showed the best marginal effect (1.313). In contrast, MCI showed the best marginal effect when the design form was random and homogeneous (1.438, 1.308). Furthermore, although the form and intensity of the colorization design significantly affect eye exploration, the perception of landscape aesthetics does not correlate with eye movements. These findings provide valuable insights for design policies aimed at promoting the urban forest landscape, while also contributing to the enrichment of research in landscape perception studies employing eye-tracking technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conveyor belts are widely used in ore transportation in large-scale mines for their long transportation range, high safety, and strong economic applicability. Coal mine belt conveyors are not only traditional, simple mechanical conveying devices but also automatic control system operating devices that integrate safety, stability, and low power consumption. In the process of coal mining, a conveyor belt control system also needs to be closely integrated with modern industrial systems and information systems, which greatly improves its work efficiency. The purpose of this article is to improve the methods for designing automatic control systems for electric motors in order to obtain mechanical characteristics close to a constant power line, which would ensure the reliable operation of belt conveyors. An automatic control system was designed based on the controller Siemens S7-1200; then, a mathematical model of an automated electric drive was developed. Based on the mathematical model, a simulation model of an automatic electric drive was built, and the modes were modeled. After designing, the obtained plots of transients completely corresponded to the required transients, which means that the Siemens frequency converter automatic control system (ACS) parameters were calculated quite accurately and the conveyor electric drive met all requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Urban biodiversity conservation is currently a prominent issue in society. Butterflies serve as excellent environmental indicator species, and enhancing butterfly diversity can significantly enhance the quality of urban habitats. To contribute to this field, we conducted an analysis of butterfly diversity in various urban gradients. Our research incorporated Shannon diversity analysis, β-diversity analysis, familial diversity analysis, and indicator species analysis. We identified the characteristics and patterns of butterfly diversity distribution and aimed to provide useful insights for urban builders. Butterflies are key indicators of urban biodiversity and one of the most vulnerable organism groups to environmental changes. Studying how butterflies are distributed and what factors might influence them in urban green spaces is crucial. In this study, from July 2022 to September 2022, we examined and analyzed the butterfly diversity in nine parks in Fuzhou, China, along three different levels of urbanization (urban, peri-urban, and suburban). We investigated how butterfly communities respond to increasing urbanization. The findings revealed that: (1) A total of 427 butterfly individuals from 4 families and 13 species were observed; (2) Shannon diversity, richness, and abundance of the overall butterfly community were lower in the more urbanized parks. Urbanization had significant effects on Shannon diversity (p = 0.003) and abundance (p = 0.007) but no significant effects on the whole butterfly community richness (p = 0.241); (3) non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that there were differences in the overall number of butterfly species in urban parks among different geographic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambiguity suppression is a technical challenge for the present generation of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems since this kind of suppression does not take the high spatial resolution and wide coverage into account simultaneously. The transmitting scheme based on the waveform diversity technique is a promising candidate for the conventional (one transmit, one receive channel) SAR systems and has been widely discussed, because it has almost no extra system costs and the ambiguity suppression performance is not closely related to pulse repetition frequency (PRF). However, the accurate method to evaluate the ratio of the intensities of the ambiguities to that of the signal is still a gap. To this end, starting from the precise signal model formulated in this paper, the ambiguity evaluation for spaceborne SAR with waveform diversity has been analyzed in detail. Particularly, the modified azimuth ambiguity-to-signal ratio (AASR) and range ambiguity-to-signal ratio (RASR) formulas are given for the single polarization SARs and quadrature-polarimetric (quad-pol) SARs, which contributes a lot, for the system designer, to precisely evaluating the ambiguity performance. Finally, detailed simulation experiments exploiting the system parameters of the LuTan (LT-1) system are carried out to corroborate the theoretical developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to interminable surveillance and reconnaissance through various sophisticated multispectral detectors, the need for multispectral compatible camouflage is now more than ever. Here, a flexible plasmonic metasurface is proposed to simultaneously realize low reflection at representative lasers (i.e., 1.06, 1.55, and 10.6 µm) and low emission in the atmosphere windows of both 3–5 and 8–14 µm. High absorption for both 1.06 and 1.55 µm lasers is realized by the destructive‐interference design of the multilayer Au/Ge/Ti/Ge films, while low reflection for the 10.6 µm laser results from the coding metasurface design, and low emission is attributed to ultrahigh reflection of the continuous Au/Ge/Ti/Ge films in the atmosphere windows. As a proof of concept, a flexible metasurface sample (10 cm × 10 cm) is prepared by the soft‐lithography technology. The measured specular reflectivities are 0.017, 0.13, and 0.17 at wavelengths 1.06, 1.55, and 10.6 µm, respectively. Meanwhile, the average emissivities are 0.19 and 0.11 in 3–5 and 8–14 µm, respectively. Additionally, the flexible metasurface also exhibits integrated advantages including easy mass fabrication, good mechanical flexibility and robustness, super‐hydrophobic characteristic, unambiguously demonstrating the success of the design strategy for promoting multispectral compatible camouflage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid development of radar and infrared (IR) surveillance technologies, the need for microwave‐IR compatible camouflage is now more than ever. Here, a novel multispectral metadevice is proposed to simultaneously achieve microwave scattering reduction, dynamic IR camouflage, and low IR reflection. This metadevice is constructed by the coding thermoelectric elements with the properly designed phase arrangement, and the incident microwave energy can be redirected to the nonthreatening directions for specular reflection reduction. The dynamic IR camouflage with low IR reflection is realized by using the thermoelectric cooling and heating effect and high‐IR‐absorptivity surface. The above three functionalities are demonstrated by experimental measurement. The 10 dB scattering reduction can be realized at the microwave band of 10–16.1 GHz. In the IR region, the designed metadevice can not only dynamically modulate the surface temperature for matching different background temperatures, but also realize the pixel temperature control for adapting to a spatially varying thermal background. In addition, it reflects almost no surrounding thermal signals compared with the traditional low‐emissivity IR stealth material. This study paves an effective way to achieve microwave‐IR compatible camouflage, which may inspire the future researches and applications in multispectral camouflage and stealth fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a widely used non‐parametric method in efficiency measurement with multiinputs and multioutputs. Malmquist productivity measures the efficiency change in different periods and decomposes the general efficiency change into technical efficiency change and frontier shift. In this paper, we choose a driving industry in social development, the high‐tech industry, as an example to illustrate a new method, virtual frontier DEA model, in the aspect of improvement of the traditional DEA model. Additionally, we decompose the Malmquist productivity index with virtual frontier DEA model to find out the driving force of high‐tech efficiency change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are essential clinical manifestations of age-related cognitive impairment, yet their patterns of co-existence remain unclear through the cognitive continuum. Objective: To examine the associations of person-centered cluster-derived patterns, based on a comprehensive collection of domain-specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments, with neuroimaging markers and dementia risk. Methods: 641 participants were included in the analysis from memory clinics in Singapore. Latent class analysis was applied to define clusters of individuals with different clinical patterns. The associations between identified clinical groups with neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration were analyzed using logistic regression models. Cox proportional hazard models were applied for incident dementia. Results: Three latent classes differing in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment were identified (Class 1 "memory impairment only"; Class 2 "global cognitive impairment"; Class 3 "global cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment"). Compared with Class 1, Class 2 and 3 were associated with smaller brain volumes, moderate-to-severe cortical atrophy and medial temporal lobe atrophy, and the presence of all cerebrovascular lesions. Moreover, compared with Class 2, Class 3 had smaller brain volumes, moderate-to-severe cortical atrophy and presence of intracranial stenosis. Additionally, compared to Class 1, Class 2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.84, 95%CI 2.11–7.00), and Class 3 (HR = 6.92, 95%CI 2.84–16.83) showed an increased risk of incident dementia. Conclusions: Participants characterized by multi-domain cognitive impairment and co-occurrence of cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment showed the highest risk of incident dementia, which may be attributed to both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects quality of life. Quinine is a bitter taste receptor agonist that exhibits antimalarial effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the therapeutic effects of quinine in AD-like mice. AD was induced with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, and the mice were treated with 10 mg/kg quinine for 1, 4 and 7 days. A total of 60 BALB/c mice were divided into the following groups: Healthy, AD-like, AD-like + quinine and healthy + quinine, with 1, 4 and 7 days groups for each treatment. Blood was extracted from all mice and ELISA was performed to detect immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. H&E-stained tissue sections were prepared from skin lesions on the backs of the mice and pathological changes were observed. Cytokines were detected via ELISA, and the filaggrin (FLG) and kallikrein-7 (KLK7) proteins were detected via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. IKKα and NF-κB mRNA were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Quinine ameliorated skin damage in the AD-like mice, reduced IgE expression in the blood, inhibited expression of IKKα and NF-κB, reduced cytokine secretion, reduced KLK7 expression, reduced scratching frequency, increased FLG expression and repaired the skin barrier. These results suggested that quinine exhibited therapeutic effects in AD-like mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Windows offer the most promising avenue for mitigating energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the balance between comfortable natural lighting and all-season energy savings is often neglected in extensive explorations of energy-efficient windows. Herein, a Janus glazing is proposed that enables the switch of passive radiative cooling and heating under the precondition of conveying sufficient natural light. Measurement results indicate that the Janus window maintains a visible transmittance of 0.47, while possesses a near-infrared (NIR) reflectivity/absorptivity of 0.75/0.71 and a mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity of 0.94/0.13 for the cooling and heating modes, respectively. As demonstrated by the outdoor test, the Janus window realizes a reduction of 7.1 °C for room cooling and an increase of 0.4 °C for room heating compared with commercial low-e window, potentially conserving 13%-53% of the total building energy consumption across China. Meanwhile, attributed to the photothermal effect, the Janus window can elevate the surface temperature by 6.1 °C compared with the low-e window, which can effectively reduce fogging occurrences on the window surface for ensuring sunlight entrance in the cold-weather conditions. This strategy offers novel prospects for enhancing energy efficiency in diverse applications, including architectural windows, greenhouse cultivation, photovoltaic generation, etc., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Sanguinarine (SAG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, occurs in Papaveraceas , Berberidaceae and Ranunculaceae families. Studies have found that SAG has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities in several malignancies and that it exhibits robust antibacterial activities. However, information reported on the action of SAG against Providencia rettgeri is limited in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of SAG against P. rettgeri in vitro., Methods: The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAG against P. rettgeri . The intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH (pH in ), and cell membrane integrity and potential were measured. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and crystal violet staining were used to measure the antibiofilm formation of SAG., Results: The MIC of SAG against P. rettgeri was 7.8 μg/mL. SAG inhibited the growth of P. rettgeri and destroyed the integrity of P. rettgeri cell membrane, as reflected mainly through the decreases in the intracellular ATP concentration, pH in and cell membrane potential and significant changes in cellular morphology. The findings of CLSM, FESEM and crystal violet staining indicated that SAG exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation of P. rettgeri and led to the inactivity of biofilm-related P. rettgeri cells., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2020 Zhang et al.)