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The pursuit of advanced materials to meet the escalating demands of energy storage system has led to the emergence of vertical graphene (VG) as a highly promising candidate. With its remarkable strength, stability, and conductivity, VG has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize energy storage technologies. This comprehensive review delves deeply into the synthesis methods, structural modifications, and multifaceted applications of VG in the context of lithium–ion batteries, silicon-based lithium batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, sodium–ion batteries, potassium–ion batteries, aqueous zinc batteries, and supercapacitors. The review elucidates the intricate growth process of VG and underscores the paramount importance of optimizing process parameters to tailor VG for specific applications. Subsequently, the pivotal role of VG in enhancing the performance of various energy storage and conversion systems is exhaustively discussed. Moreover, it delves into structural improvement, performance tuning, and mechanism analysis of VG composite materials in diverse energy storage systems. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive look at VG synthesis, modification, and its wide range of applications in energy storage. It emphasizes the potential of VG in addressing critical challenges and advancing sustainable, high-performance energy storage devices, providing valuable guidance for the development of future technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of high‐performance energy storage devices has fueled significant advancements in the all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). One of the strategies to enhance the performance of ASSLBs, especially concerning high‐voltage cathodes, is optimizing the structure of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). This study fabricates a high‐oriented framework of Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (o‐LLZO) ceramic nanofibers, meticulously addressing challenges in both the Li metal anode and the high‐voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode. The as‐constructed electrolyte features a highly efficient Li+ transport and robust mechanical network, enhancing both electron and ion transport, ensuring uniform current density distribution, and stress distribution, and effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth. Remarkably, the Li symmetric cells exhibit outstanding long‐term lifespan of 9800 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and operate effectively over 800 h even at 1.0 mA cm−2 under 30 °C. The CPEs design results from the formation of a gradient LiF‐riched SEI and CEI film at the Li/electrolyte/NCM811 dual interfaces, enhancing ion conduction and maintaining electrode integrity. The coin‐cells and pouch cells demonstrate prolonged cycling stability and superior capacity retention. This study sets a notable precedent in advancing high‐energy ASSLBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification by employing precious metals is one of the most effective ways to improve the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors. Pure α -Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Pt-modified α -Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared sequentially using a rather simple hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation method. Compared with the original α -Fe2O3 nanomaterials, the Pt- α -Fe2O3 nanocomposite sensor shows a higher response value (R a/ R g = 58.6) and a shorter response/recovery time (1 s/168 s) to 100 ppm dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) gas at 375 °C. In addition, it has better selectivity to DMDS gas with the value of more than 9 times higher than the other target gases at 375 °C. This study indicates that the Pt- α -Fe2O3 nanoparticle sensor has good prospects and can be used as a low-cost and effective DMDS gas sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas sensor is a promising and novel gas sensing device. However, the poor sensitivity and strong cross sensitivity of commercial carbon-supported-platinum (Pt/C) remain obstacles to its utilization. Here, we demonstrate that the issue can be addressed using mesoporous titanium niobium nitrides (Ti0.75Nb0.25N) synthesized using a solid–solid phase separation process. Pt nanoparticles supported on ternary transition metal nitrides enable the strong metal support interaction (SMSI), which changes the surface electronic structure and catalytic activity of the electrode material. Compared with the Pt/C-sensor, the selectivity of the Pt/Ti0.75Nb0.25N-based sensor to formaldehyde (HCHO) is significantly higher, while the response to other gases is effectively inhibited. In mixed gas tests, HCHO sensing of the Pt/Ti0.75Nb0.25N-sensor is still not affected (within 3.5% of the standard deviation limit). Furthermore, the Pt/Ti0.75Nb0.25N-sensor exhibits a much higher sensitivity (0.208 μA per ppm) toward HCHO when compared to the Pt/C-sensor (0.058 μA per ppm). The Pt/Ti0.75Nb0.25N-sensor also exhibits extraordinary long-term stability due to its electrochemical stability and SMSI of the electrode material. This work hence points to the design and development of a new sensing electrode system, which offers a combination of high selectivity and sensitivity when used in fuel-cell gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconducting metal oxides (SMOXs) are used widely for gas sensors. However, the effect of ambient humidity on the baseline and sensitivity of the chemiresistors is still a largely unsolved problem, reducing sensor accuracy and causing complications for sensor calibrations. Presented here is a general strategy to overcome water‐sensitivity issues by coating SMOXs with a hydrophobic polymer separated by a metal–organic framework (MOF) layer that preserves the SMOX surface and serves a gas‐selective function. Sensor devices using these nanoparticles display near‐constant responses even when humidity is varied across a wide range [0–90 % relative humidity (RH)]. Furthermore, the sensor delivers notable performance below 20 % RH whereas other water‐resistance strategies typically fail. Selectivity enhancement and humidity‐independent sensitivity are concomitantly achieved using this approach. The reported tandem coating strategy is expected to be relevant for a wide range of SMOXs, leading to a new generation of gas sensors with excellent humidity‐resistant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, KIT-6 is used as a template to prepare ordered mesoporous materials WO3 and Au-loaded WO3 (Au–WO3). The pristine WO3 sensor and the Au–WO3 sensor are fabricated for the detection of 19 important gases, such as trimethylamine, formaldehyde and CS2. The results show that the Au–WO3 sensor has better selectivity and higher response to TMA. At a working temperature of 268 °C, the response (Ra/Rg) of the Au–WO3 sensor to 100 ppm of TMA is 41.56 and the response time is 1 s. In addition, the sensor has excellent response/recovery capabilities and stability. These high sensing performances are mainly attributed to the electronic and chemical sensitization of the noble metal Au and the presence of a high specific surface area supported by the mesoporous structure. Therefore, Au-doped mesoporous WO3 should be a promising material for a high performance TMA gas sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification by employing precious metals is one of the most effective ways to improve the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors. Pure α -Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles and Pt-modified α -Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles were prepared sequentially using a rather simple hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation method. Compared with the original α -Fe 2 O 3 nanomaterials, the Pt- α -Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite sensor shows a higher response value ( R a / R g  = 58.6) and a shorter response/recovery time (1 s/168 s) to 100 ppm dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) gas at 375 °C. In addition, it has better selectivity to DMDS gas with the value of more than 9 times higher than the other target gases at 375 °C. This study indicates that the Pt- α -Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticle sensor has good prospects and can be used as a low-cost and effective DMDS gas sensor., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

In this paper, KIT-6 is used as a template to prepare ordered mesoporous materials WO 3 and Au-loaded WO 3 (Au-WO 3 ). The pristine WO 3 sensor and the Au-WO 3 sensor are fabricated for the detection of 19 important gases, such as trimethylamine, formaldehyde and CS 2 . The results show that the Au-WO 3 sensor has better selectivity and higher response to TMA. At a working temperature of 268 °C, the response (R a /R g ) of the Au-WO 3 sensor to 100 ppm of TMA is 41.56 and the response time is 1 s. In addition, the sensor has excellent response/recovery capabilities and stability. These high sensing performances are mainly attributed to the electronic and chemical sensitization of the noble metal Au and the presence of a high specific surface area supported by the mesoporous structure. Therefore, Au-doped mesoporous WO 3 should be a promising material for a high performance TMA gas sensor.