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Background: With its rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a major global health challenge. Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the development of UC. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and the progression of UC needs to be extensively studied. Methods: The differentially expressed genes in UC patients were screened from the GEO database. The ferroptosis‐related genes were obtained from FErrDB and GeneCards. The UC subtypes were identified with the R package "CancerSubtype" and evaluated with consensus clustering (CC) to identify gene expression patterns in patients with UC. The key genes were detected with qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry in vitro and in vivo models. Ferroptosis was identified with western blotting on ferrotic‐associated proteins and staining on Fe2+ with commercial FerroOrange kits. Results: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as CD26, is a potential biomarker for ferroptosis in UC patients. Transcriptome sequencing data showed a positive correlation between decreased DPP4 expression and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐β, as well as immune cell infiltration in the colon tissues of UC patients. Furthermore, DPP4 was strongly associated with ferroptosis biomarkers, particularly in Subtype 2 of UC. Interestingly, our study also found that DPP4 expression was significantly reduced in RSL3‐treated ferroptotic intestinal epithelial cells, more so than in LPS‐treated cell models. Inhibition of DPP4 had a significant impact on the expression of ferroptotic biomarkers. Additionally, DPP4 expression was decreased in the colon tissues of DSS‐treated mice, and the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferritin‐1 effectively counteracted the effects of DSS on immune cell infiltration, colon length, and DPP4 expression. Conclusions: DPP4 can serve as a biomarker for ferroptosis in the diagnosis and management of UC. Highlights: DPP4‐mediated ferroptosis is involved in ulcerative colitisDPP4 is a novel diagnostic biomarker of ulcerative colitisFerroptosis involves intestinal epithelial cell death in ulcerative colitis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concentrates on the educational features of modern everyday communication. The materials used were texts of notices that prove the existence of a crisis in modern mass communication. The reasons of crisis phenomena in speech practice have been established and ways out of the situation have been suggested.

(E)-N2,N2-dimethyl-6-styryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine and (E)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)-6-styryl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) acetamide are important intermediates for the synthesis of triazine compounds. The structure of the target compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The precise structure of (E)-N2,N2-dimethyl-6-styryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine and (E)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)-6-styryl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) acetamide were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structures were further calculated using density functional theory (DFT), which were compared with the X-ray diffraction value. The results of the conformational analysis indicate that the molecular structures optimized by DFT were consistent with the crystal structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compounds were further investigated by DFT, and some physicochemical properties of the compounds are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural color materials based on periodic micro and nano structures present unique color rendering mechanism and optical properties, and have a wide range of applications in display, packaging, sensing and other fields. However, it is still facing the problems of constructing large area, good consistency and low cost periodic structures. In this paper, the structural color film was prepared by annealing treatment on a periodic template. The effects of coating time, annealing time and annealing process on the optical properties of the sample such as hue and saturation were analyzed. It was confirmed that the sample with 300 nm polystyrene microsphere template presented orange yellow with incident angle of 30° before annealing, then turned to be light pink under 800 °C for 120 min annealing process and orange red under 800 °C for 180 min in air. Additionally, the sample with 420 nm polystyrene microsphere template showed cyan before annealing, and yellow-green under 800 °C for 120 min annealing treatment and orange-yellow under 800 °C for 180 min. The periodicity of the annealed gold microspheres was still limited by the template period with different diameters. Morever, when the coating and annealing time were the same, the higher the annealing temperature was, the higher the saturation get. Under the same coating time and annealing temperature, the saturation was higher with short annealing time, and the hue blue-shifted as the incident angle increased from 15° to 45°. While fixing the annealing time and temperature, the saturation increased gradually as the coating time increasing from 10S to 40S, and the color of the sample red-shifted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a kind of Fe3O4 magnetic nano material modified by fulvic acid (FA) was prepared and used for removing methylene blue in wastewater. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized by FT‐IR, PXRD, BET, XPS, VSM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that FA successfully coated on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles. The newly prepared magnetic material had large specific surface area and porous structure. The specific surface area of the material was 92.15 m2/g. The average pore size of the material was 8.917 nm. Its saturation magnetization could reach to 55.74 emu/g. The magnetic responsiveness of the material was obvious. The magnetic material could be recovered by the magnet so it was easy to separate with the solution. The adsorption kinetic data fitted better with pseudo second order kinetic equation. The isothermal adsorption processes of the modified material to methylene blue had better linear correlation with Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameter results indicated that the adsorption processes of the material to methylene blue were spontaneous exothermic processes. The results of the cyclic experiments indicated that the material had a certain value for reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines multiple treatments has emerged as an innovative cancer treatment strategy. A simple and clear route is put forward to develop Cu2+-doped zinc phosphate coated prussian blue nanoparticles (designated as PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs) integrating tri-modal therapy (chemo, chemodynamic and photothermal therapy) for maximizing anti-tumor efficacy. The obtained PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs possess drug loading capacity due to the mesoporous structure present in the Cu2+-doped ZnP shell. In addition, the Cu2+-doped ZnP shell can gradually degrade in response to the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment to release DOX and Cu2+, where the released drug plays the role of chemotherapy agent and the Cu2+ can react with intracellular glutathione to achieve a Cu-mediated Fenton-like reaction for chemodynamic therapy. Moreover, under laser irradiation, the heat garnered by the photothermal conversion of PB can be applied for photothermal therapy and enhance the generation of toxic ˙OH as well as the amount of DOX released, further boosting chemo- and chemodynamic therapy to realize a combined therapy. Importantly, the PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs effectively limit the growth of tumors via the coordinated action of chemo/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy and no noticeable systematic toxicity can be found in mice. Taken together, the PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs can act as a prospective therapeutic nanoplatform for multi-modal therapy of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented and long-lasting abnormal monsoon rainfall attacked Pakistan in the summer of 2022, causing severe flooding. This study investigated the sub-seasonal characteristics and mechanisms of this distinctively extreme precipitation event. The historical rainfall in July and August and extreme precipitation mainly occurred in northern Pakistan. Both the monthly rainfall in July and August 2022 and the extreme precipitation during the summer were far exceeding the historical record and involved unique spatial distribution. The rainfall in July 2022 is nationwide and mainly located in northern Pakistan, while the rainfall in August and extreme precipitation occurred in southern Pakistan. Different physical processes are responsible for the precipitation in July and August 2022. In July, the South Asian high (SAH) and Iranian high extended eastward. Meanwhile, the anticyclonic circulation anomalies occurred in northwestern Pakistan and the easterly winds enhanced in the south side of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which strengthened water vapor transporting from the Bay of Bengal and cooperated with the cyclonic system over the Arabian Sea to enhance the precipitation over Pakistan. In August, the SAH further extended eastward and the Western Pacific Subtropical High extended westward to the TP. Meanwhile, the European blocking (EB) developed, and a deep trough appeared over northwestern Pakistan. This weakened the easterly flow along southern TP but enhanced the southerly flow accompanying the cyclone over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, and thus guided the water vapor transporting to southern Pakistan and enhanced the precipitation. The extreme precipitation in July was mainly attributed to the unusually strong Indian monsoon, while the extreme precipitation in August was the result of a combination of the Indian monsoon and EB. The study provided important information about extreme precipitation in Pakistan, which will help policymakers take measures to deal with the effects of flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalational anaesthetic in clinics. Prolonged exposure to sevoflurane can induce significant changes in lipid metabolism and neuronal damage in the developing brain. However, the effect of exposure of pregnant rats to clinical doses of sevoflurane remains unclear. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight pregnant rats were randomly and equally divided into sevoflurane exposure (S) group, control (C) and a blank group at gestational day (G) 18; Rats in S group received 2% sevoflurane with 98% oxygen for 6 h in an anesthetizing chamber, while C group received 100% oxygen at an identical flow rate for 6 h in an identical chamber. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), ultra performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC/TOF-MS) and MetaboAnalyst were used to analysis acquire metabolomics profiles, and immunohistochemical changes of neuronalapoptosis in hippocampus and cortex of neonatal rats were also analyzed. Results: This study aimed to explore lipidomics and transcriptomics changes related to 2% sevoflurane exposure for 6 h in the developing brains of newborn offspring rats. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF–MS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were used to acquire metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles. We used RNA-seq to analyse the expression of the coding and non-coding transcripts in neural cells of the cerebral cortex. No significant differences in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), or arterial blood gas were found between the groups. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of retention times was <1.53%, and the RSDs of peak areas ranged from 2.13% to 8.51%. Base peak chromatogram (BPC) profiles showed no differences between the groups. We evaluated the partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. In negative ion mode, R2X was over 70%, R2Y was over 93%, and Q2 (cum) was over 80%. Cell apoptosis was not remarkably enhanced by TUNEL and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining in the sevoflurane-exposed group compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Glycerophospholipid (GP) and sphingolipid metabolism disturbances might adversely influence neurodevelopment in offspring. The expression of mRNAs (Vcan gene, related to neuronal development, function and repair) of the sevoflurane group was significantly increased in the differential genes by qRT-PCR verification. Conclusions: GP and sphingolipid metabolism homeostasis may be potential therapeutic approaches against inhalational anaesthetic-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, sevoflurane-induced Vcan changes indicated some lipidomic and transcriptomic changes, even if neural cell apoptosis was not significantly changed in the usual clinical dose of sevoflurane exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]