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Understanding canopy nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) differences is crucial for optimizing plant nutrient distribution and management. This study evaluated leaf N and P content in citrus trees across three cultivation modes: traditional mode (TM), wide-row and narrow-plant mode (WRNPM), and fenced mode (FM). We used hyperspectral data for non-destructive quantification and compared 1080 leaf samples from upper, middle, and lower canopy layers. Four models—Random Forest (RF), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were employed for leaf N and P estimation. Results showed that the TM had significantly lower N content compared to the WRNPM and FM, while the WRNPM exhibited higher P content. The canopy layer had minimal impact on N and P in the FM, and leaves in the upper layer had higher nutrient content in the WRNPM and TM. RF provided the best estimation accuracy, with R2 values of 0.66 for N and 0.72 for P. The cultivation mode and canopy layer significantly influenced the estimation accuracy, with the TM yielding the highest R2, followed by the WRNPM and FM obtaining the lowest accuracy. The labor-saving cultivation mode had different nutrient utilization efficiency compared to the TM. The cultivation mode and canopy layer should be considered when hyperspectral data were used for estimating the leaf N and P content. The study can offer new insights for precise fertilization strategies in fruit trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) have been extensively utilized to examine the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, the UV lamps typically employed to initiate the photochemistry in OFRs can result in an elevated reactor temperature when their implications are not thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the temperature distribution within an Aerodyne potential aerosol mass OFR (PAM-OFR) and then examined the subsequent effects on flow and chemistry due to lamp heating. A lamp-induced temperature increase was observed, which was a function of lamp-driving voltage, number of lamps, lamp types, OFR residence time, and positions within the PAM-OFR. Under typical PAM-OFR operational conditions (e.g., < 5 d of equivalent atmospheric OH exposure under low- NOx conditions), the temperature increase typically ranged from 1–5 °C. Under extreme (but less frequently encountered) conditions, the heating could reach up to 15 °C. The influences of the increased temperature over ambient conditions on the flow distribution, gas, and condensed-phase chemistry within PAM-OFR were evaluated. Our findings indicate that the increase in temperature altered the flow field, resulting in a diminished tail on the residence time distribution and corresponding oxidant exposure due to faster recirculation. According to simulation results from a radical chemistry box model, the variation in absolute oxidant concentration within PAM-OFR due to temperature increase was minimal (< 5 %). The temperature influences on seed organic aerosol (OA) and newly formed secondary OA were also investigated, suggesting that an increase in temperature can impact the yield, size, and oxidation levels of representative biogenic and anthropogenic SOA types. Recommendations for temperature-dependent SOA yield corrections and PAM-OFR operating protocols that mitigate lamp-induced temperature enhancement and fluctuations are presented. We recommend blowing air around the reactor's exterior with fans during PAM-OFR experiments to minimize the temperature increase within PAM-OFR. Temperature increases are substantially lower for OFRs utilizing less powerful lamps compared to the Aerodyne version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a cardiovascular risk factor and may serve as a predictor of infarct-related artery (IRA) patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We measured SAA levels in STEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and investigated their association with IRA patency. According to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, 363 STEMI patients undergoing PCI in our hospital were divided into an occlusion group (TIMI 0-2) and a patency group (TIMI 3). The SAA level before PCI was significantly higher in STEMI patients with IRA occluded than in those with patent ones. At a cutoff value of 36.9 mg/L, SAA had a sensitivity of 63.0% and a specificity of 90.6% (area under the ROC curve [AUC] =.833, 95% CI:.793-.873, P <.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SAA was an independent predictor of IRA patency in STEMI patients before PCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.020-1.062, P <.001). SAA can be used as a potential predictor of IRA patency in STEMI patients before PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Construct an exercise intervention program for patients with sarcopenic obesity. Material and Methods: Based on the COM-B theoretical model and evidence-based principles, the program was constructed using qualitative methods of literature analysis and Delphi method. The Delphi panel consisted of 15 experts from the fields of clinical medicine, rehabilitation medicine, medical technology, and nursing. Results: Fifteen experts were consulted, and the consultation recovery rate was 100%; the authority coefficient of the 1st round was 0.83, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.00 to 0.27, and importance scores ranging from (4.13± 1.13) to (5± 0); the authority coefficient of the 2nd round was 0.82, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.00 to 0.20, and importance scores ranging from (4.53± 0.64) to (5± 0); Kendall's harmony coefficient was 0.102, 0.115, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). The constructed exercise intervention program for patients with sarcopenic obesity included 4 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 28 tertiary indicators. Conclusion: The constructed exercise intervention program for patients with sarcopenic obesity is scientific, feasible and generalizable, and can provide useful reference for related personnel to develop exercise programs for patients with sarcopenic obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ricochet behaviour of the air–water trans-media vehicle (AWTMV) during water-entry crossing was experimentally investigated. Three types of small-scale AWTMV including cone, ogive, and flat nose were used in the test. The underwater trajectory, velocity, and inclination angle of projectiles during the ricochet process were obtained using a high-speed camera. The angle change of the AWTMV and the ratio of the residual velocity are introduced. Based on this result, the relationship between the ricochet responses and initial conditions was derived. The results of this study show that (1) a small incident angle and great velocity make the occurrence of ricochet behaviour easier, (2) the stability of the trajectory of projectiles with cone, ogive, and flat nose weakened in turn at the same initial conditions, (3) the angle change and the ratio of the residual velocity are linear functions of the incident angle and velocity.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common solid cancers with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Chronic gastritis and consequent inflammatory microenvironment is known as a major cause leading to gastric carcinogenesis. Here we report that PIK3CD that encodes p110δ, a catalytic subunit of the class IA PI3Ks, is overexpressed and tumorigenic in GC and associated with tumor inflammatory microenvironment. By investigating the data from TCGA database and our immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real‐time PCR results from clinical samples, we found PIK3CD exhibits higher expression level in GC tissues compared with adjacent non‐tumorous stomach tissues. Genetic silencing of PIK3CD in GC cells retards proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, enhanced expression of PIK3CD promotes these phenotypes in vitro. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PIK3CD could reduce GC cell viability and colony formation capacities. More importantly, we reveal a relevant mechanism that PIK3CD, but not PIK3CA and PIK3CB, is transcriptionally regulated by the pro‐inflammatory IL2/JAK3/STAT5 axis and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells such as lymphocytes. These observations may setup a new crosstalk between tumor inflammatory microenvironment, IL2/JAK3/STAT5 signaling and PI3K/AKT signaling. Targeting PIK3CD may be a promising therapy strategy for GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]