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The article assesses the impact of the introduction of indicative self-cost on the volume of recruitment of regional universities (on the example of higher education institutions of the Dnipropetrovsk region, which recruit applicants for education on the bachelor’s degree on the basis of complete general secondary education in the specialty 072 «Finance, Banking and Insurance»). The carried out analysis of the indicators of the admission campaign for the specialty in Ukraine showed that during 2019-2022 the volume of the State procurement decreased, and the volume of recruitment of applicants for the contract increased during 2018-2020, and in 2021-2022 it had a significant decline. This is explained by the implemented norm for setting prices for educational services not lower than the calculated minimum cost of education. The analysis of prices for educational services in the HEIs of the city of Dnipro in 2020-2021 showed that prices for education in accordance with the new system in public universities increased 1.17–2.05 times, with the exception of private HEIs and higher education institutions of agrarian orientation, which is non-profile for the analyzed specialty. In addition, prices turned out to be higher than those of leading universities, which are leaders in recruitment for specialty 072 in Ukraine. The evaluation of the results of the admission campaign in in the HEIs of the city of Dnipro in the context of the introduction of indicative self-cost showed that recruitment indicators decreased in all universities (except for those where there was a significant increase in prices). In addition, the share of the region’s recruitment in the number of admitted to studying according to the specialty in Ukraine has also decreased. This indicates negative trends towards a shift in the preferences of applicants from admission to public HEIs to admission to private ones as well as non-profile universities (usually in a technical direction) due to the lower price of educational services. In addition, as result of a sharp increase in prices in regional higher education institutions, they have lost a competitive advantage over prestigious universities in the capital city. Until the end of martial law, the related resolution was suspended, which affected the results of the admission campaign in 2022, but the reduction in recruitment is associated, in particular, with a decrease in the number of outbound applicants to Ukrainian universities.

The complexity and interdependence of management and decision-making problems in the system of higher education require new ideas and approaches, which necessitates the search for new management solutions using modern approaches and methods of economic and mathematical modeling. The article is devoted to the problem of optimal allocation of budget places for higher education institutions by specialty. The conducted research shows that the priorities of the state, labor market and consumers do not coincide. In this situation, the university, as a provider of educational services, must balance the demand of the consumer (applicants, students and their parents) with the offers of the customer (the state, entrepreneurs, the labor market), taking into account the forecast of demand in the labor market. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal allocation of budget places for higher education institutions considering financial constituents, system analysis and the game theory method. A solution to the problem is offered by building an economic-mathematical model using game theory techniques and methods of analyzing hierarchies, which have a powerful apparatus for considering many different models, approaches and concepts for solving the same problem. The presented mathematical model allows to obtain a balanced optimal distribution of budget places by university specialties, which harmonizes the demands of applicants and employers. The budgetary expenditures for higher education are an effective regulator of direct action on the training of specialists with higher education and an instrument of state regulation of the number of state-ordered students. Based on the results of the study, the model of distribution of the institution's budget expenditures for decision-making management is proposed, which allows redistributing funds to expenditure items that are included in the development expenditures of higher education institutions. Further development of the described model in the direction of researching the impact on existing restrictions on the market of educational services will allow offering powerful mechanisms and technologies for managing the process of forming optimal strategies for the development of higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the efficiency of higher education funding from the perspective of higher education applicants (cost of education) and from the perspective of the state (budget expenditures, investments in preparation of specialists). The article contains the main indicators of socioeconomic development of the OECD countries and Ukraine. The analysis has shown that in Ukraine the amount of higher education expenditures as a percentage of GDP has an average value compared to the OECD countries, while this amount in monetary terms is significantly lower than in other countries. The efficiency of higher education costs for the individual and expenditures for the state in the OECD countries and in Ukraine have been evaluated. The efficiency of individual costs of higher education is calculated using the discounted cash flow method, applied to the cost of education and the difference in wages between qualified and unqualified personnel. The efficiency of public spending on higher education (investment in the training of specialists) is calculated using the discounted cash flow method applied to the share of public spending on higher education and GDP growth generated by labor with better skills. The results of the calculations have shown that the efficiency of state expenditures on higher education is higher than the efficiency of individual costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is the budget expenditures for the state order funding. One of the most problematic places is, on the one hand, the lack of financial resources, and on the other hand, the low efficiency of their allocation. Using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis, the expenditures of the consolidated budget for higher education are explored by the example of Ukraine. It was found that the share of the consolidated budget of Ukraine for higher education in % of GDP is one of the largest in Europe, however, the amount of funding is insignificant in monetary terms, which makes it impossible to improve the quality of higher education. The amount of the state order for training of specialists and expenditures of the consolidated budget are analyzed. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the legislation, the impact of elements of the system of formation and state order placement on its effectiveness is assessed. During 2012–2020, the consolidated budget expenditures tended to increase (except for the crisis of 2020, when there was a general economic growth disruption). At the same time, the number of budget places reduced annually until 2018. The analysis of the system of the state order allocation showed that during 2012–2020 it had been changed several times. The main advantages and disadvantages of the system of state order allocation at the stages of its transformation are identified in the paper. Until 2015 the state order allocation was carried out manually. Since 2017 a mechanism for state order addressing has been introduced. In 2020 the mechanism of cost allocation between higher education institutions was changed and indicative prices were introduced. Due to the analysis of the conditions of state order allocation and cost allocation between higher education institutions, it is possible to take into account the main factors that contribute and block the efficiency and effectiveness of funding the higher education system in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]